Nervous System II: The Brain Anatomy Quiz

The network of arteries that delivers oxygen and nutrients to the brain

Artery that connects the two anterior cerebral arteries.

Twelve pairs of nerves that emerge from the brain, not the spinal cord.

Sensory nerve responsible for the sense of smell.

Sensory nerve that transmits visual information from the eye to the brain.

Motor nerve controlling most eye movements.

Blood vessels that supply blood to the brain stem and cerebellum.

Artery formed from joining vertebral arteries, further supplies the brain.

The middle layer of the meninges, a network of collagen and fibers, containing cerebrospinal fluid and blood vessels.

Innermost layer of the meninges, directly attached to the brain's surface, following brain folds.

Space between the arachnoid and pia mater, filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood vessels.

Fluid produced by choroid plexus, circulated through ventricles, providing cushion and nutrient transport.

Network of fluid-filled cavities (ventricles) within the brain, filled with CSF.

Specialized tissue within the ventricles that produces CSF.

Protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord.

Cells that line the ventricles and assist with CSF production and circulation.

Fluid-filled cavities within the cerebral hemispheres.

Passageway connecting lateral ventricles to the third ventricle.

Midline cavity, connecting to the fourth ventricle.

Cavity in the hindbrain, connected to the central canal.

Canal connecting the third and fourth ventricles.

Movement of cerebrospinal fluid through the ventricular system and around the brain.

Structures that absorb CSF and return it to the bloodstream.

A mixed nerve with sensory and motor functions. It controls facial sensations (opthalmic, maxillary, mandibular branches) and jaw movements.

This mixed nerve controls facial expressions, taste sensation on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue, and tear and salivary gland secretions.

This sensory nerve is responsible for hearing and balance. It transmits information from the inner ear to the brain.

This mixed nerve is responsible for taste and sensory information from the back of the tongue and pharynx, as well as controlling swallowing and salivary gland secretion.

Known as the "wanderer nerve", this mixed nerve controls a wide range of functions, including heart rate, digestion, breathing, and sensory information from various organs.

The part of the nervous system that controls involuntary functions like heart rate, digestion, and breathing, operating outside conscious awareness.

Somatic controls voluntary skeletal muscle movement while autonomic controls involuntary actions like heart rate and digestion.

The 'fight-or-flight' response system; prepares the body for stressful situations by increasing heart rate, breathing, and blood flow to muscles.

The 'rest-and-digest' system; slows down heart rate, promotes digestion, and conserves energy.

The body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes.

The autonomic nervous system regulates vital functions like body temperature, cardiovascular activity, respiratory rate, digestion, excretion, and reproduction.

The part of the peripheral nervous system that carries signals away from the central nervous system (CNS) to the body.

The part of the peripheral nervous system that carries signals from the body to the central nervous system (CNS).

The tissue in the brain and spinal cord that contains nerve cell bodies.

The tissue in the brain and spinal cord that contains myelinated nerve fibers, which transmit signals.

The outermost layer of the cerebrum, responsible for higher-level functions like thinking, language, and memory.

Three layers of protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord: dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater.

Large veins within the dura mater that collect venous blood from the brain.

The part of the autonomic nervous system that prepares the body for 'fight or flight' responses, increasing heart rate, blood flow to muscles, and dilating pupils.

The part of the autonomic nervous system that promotes 'rest and digest' functions, slowing heart rate, decreasing blood flow to muscles, and constricting pupils.

The phenomenon where most organs are innervated by both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, allowing for fine-tuned control and opposite effects.

The sympathetic trunks are chains of ganglia that connect the sympathetic nervous system to the spinal cord, facilitating coordination and communication of signals throughout the body.

Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter used at the preganglionic synapse, both in the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.

Norepinephrine is the primary neurotransmitter released at the postganglionic synapse in the sympathetic nervous system.

Sympathetic activation increases heart rate, preparing the body for intense activity by delivering more oxygen and nutrients to muscles.

Parasympathetic activation stimulates digestion by increasing blood flow to the gut, promoting the release of digestive enzymes, and slowing down other bodily functions.

The vagus nerve is the primary nerve of the parasympathetic nervous system, involved in controlling heart rate, breathing, and digestion.

The SNS dilates pupils, allowing more light to enter the eye for enhanced vision during stressful situations. The PSNS constricts pupils, reducing light intake and promoting relaxation.