Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which structure is NOT a main part of the brain?
Which structure is NOT a main part of the brain?
- Vermis (correct)
- Brain stem
- Cerebellum
- Cerebrum
What is the primary function of the phrenic nerve?
What is the primary function of the phrenic nerve?
- Control facial expressions
- Regulate heart rate
- Facilitate breathing (correct)
- Sensory information from the upper limbs
Which type of autonomic nervous system response is characterized by increased heart rate and pupil dilation?
Which type of autonomic nervous system response is characterized by increased heart rate and pupil dilation?
- Parasympathetic
- Sympathetic (correct)
- Craniosacral
- Somatic
Which of the following neurotransmitters is primarily associated with the sympathetic nervous system?
Which of the following neurotransmitters is primarily associated with the sympathetic nervous system?
What condition is characterized by non-progressive muscle weakness due to an immature brain lesion?
What condition is characterized by non-progressive muscle weakness due to an immature brain lesion?
Which nerve root levels correspond to the brachial plexus?
Which nerve root levels correspond to the brachial plexus?
Which type of sensory ganglia is associated with the dorsal root ganglion?
Which type of sensory ganglia is associated with the dorsal root ganglion?
Which condition is associated with increased urine production and peristalsis?
Which condition is associated with increased urine production and peristalsis?
What defines a reflexogenic erection?
What defines a reflexogenic erection?
What is the role of vagal stimulation on the heart?
What is the role of vagal stimulation on the heart?
Which nervous system subdivision is known for its 'rest and digest' functions?
Which nervous system subdivision is known for its 'rest and digest' functions?
What is a primary effect of sympathetic activation on blood vessels?
What is a primary effect of sympathetic activation on blood vessels?
Which cranial nerve is primarily responsible for stimulating the heart and gastrointestinal tract?
Which cranial nerve is primarily responsible for stimulating the heart and gastrointestinal tract?
Which of the following describes the nerve supply of the urinary bladder?
Which of the following describes the nerve supply of the urinary bladder?
Flashcards
Central Nervous System
Central Nervous System
The part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord.
Brain Structures
Brain Structures
Main parts of the brain include the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem.
Left Brain Function
Left Brain Function
Generally associated with language and analytical tasks.
Right Brain Function
Right Brain Function
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Aphasia
Aphasia
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CVA/Stroke
CVA/Stroke
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Peripheral Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System
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Autonomic Nervous System
Autonomic Nervous System
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Sympathetic Nervous System
Sympathetic Nervous System
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Parasympathetic Nervous System
Parasympathetic Nervous System
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Ganglia
Ganglia
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Neuromuscular Junction
Neuromuscular Junction
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Cranial Nerves
Cranial Nerves
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Spinal Nerves
Spinal Nerves
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Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy
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Study Notes
Nervous System
- Central Nervous System (CNS):
- Brain:
- Composed of cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem
- Left hemisphere associated with language, right with perception
- Ganglia: collections of nerves outside the brain (e.g., DRG)
- Nuclei: collections of nerves inside the brain
- Conditions:
- CVA/Stroke (including Circle of Willis)
- Aphasia (e.g., Broca's, Wernicke's, global)
- Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
- Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)
- Rancho Los Amigos Levels of Cognitive Function (RLA-LOCF)
- Cerebral Palsy (non-progressive, immature brain lesions)
- Spinal Cord:
- Conditions:
- Spinal Cord Injury (SCI)
- Conditions:
- Brain:
- Peripheral Nervous System (PNS):
- Cranial Nerves: 12 pairs
- Spinal Nerves: 31 pairs
- Plexus: Network of nerves (e.g., cervical, brachial, lumbar, sacral)
- Phrenic nerve: associated with C3, C4, C5 vertebrae
- Peripheral Nerves:
- Brachial plexus: longest branch = radial/musculospiral, roots = C5-T1
- Lumbar plexus: Largest branch = femoral (L2,L3,L4)
- Sacral plexus: Sciatic nerve, L4,L5,S1,S2; piriformis syndrome; causes sciatica
- Autonomic Nervous System (ANS):
- Visceral organs and glands:
- Two-neuron pathway regulated by hypothalamus
- Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy / Causalgia/Shoulder Hand Syndrome
- Cranial nerve X (Vagus): Affects heart rate
- Division: Sympathetic (stress response) and Parasympathetic (rest and digest)
- Sympathetic:
- “Fight or Flight” response causes increased heart rate, blood pressure, bronchial dilation, etc.
- Parasympathetic:
- “Rest and Digest” response causes increased rest-related functions
- Cholinergic (neurotransmitter: acetylcholine):
- Used in pre-ganglionic & parasympathetic pathways
- Adrenergic (neurotransmitter: epinephrine and norepinephrine):
- Used in post-ganglionic pathways that control body reaction to stress.
- Visceral organs and glands:
Somatic Nervous System
- Striated muscles and skin:
- Uses one long neuron
- Neuromuscular junction (synapse) between neuron and muscle fiber
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