Nervous System Overview
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Questions and Answers

Which structure is NOT a main part of the brain?

  • Vermis (correct)
  • Brain stem
  • Cerebellum
  • Cerebrum

    • What is the primary function of the phrenic nerve?

  • Control facial expressions
  • Regulate heart rate
  • Facilitate breathing (correct)
  • Sensory information from the upper limbs

    • Which type of autonomic nervous system response is characterized by increased heart rate and pupil dilation?

  • Parasympathetic
  • Sympathetic (correct)
  • Craniosacral
  • Somatic

    • Which of the following neurotransmitters is primarily associated with the sympathetic nervous system?

    <p>Epinephrine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is characterized by non-progressive muscle weakness due to an immature brain lesion?

    <p>Cerebral Palsy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve root levels correspond to the brachial plexus?

    <p>C5-T1 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of sensory ganglia is associated with the dorsal root ganglion?

    <p>First order ganglia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is associated with increased urine production and peristalsis?

    <p>Parasympathetic activation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a reflexogenic erection?

    <p>Reflex from physical stimulation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of vagal stimulation on the heart?

    <p>Decreases heart rate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nervous system subdivision is known for its 'rest and digest' functions?

    <p>Parasympathetic nervous system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary effect of sympathetic activation on blood vessels?

    <p>Vasoconstriction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve is primarily responsible for stimulating the heart and gastrointestinal tract?

    <p>CN X (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the nerve supply of the urinary bladder?

    <p>S2-S4 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Central Nervous System

    The part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord.

    Brain Structures

    Main parts of the brain include the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem.

    Left Brain Function

    Generally associated with language and analytical tasks.

    Right Brain Function

    Generally responsible for perception and creativity.

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    Aphasia

    A condition affecting speech and language abilities, often due to brain injury.

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    CVA/Stroke

    Cerebrovascular accident; disruption of blood flow to the brain.

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    Peripheral Nervous System

    Connects the central nervous system to the limbs and organs.

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    Autonomic Nervous System

    Regulates involuntary bodily functions, such as heart rate and digestion.

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    Sympathetic Nervous System

    Part of the autonomic system responsible for the 'fight or flight' response.

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    Parasympathetic Nervous System

    Part of the autonomic system that promotes 'rest and digest' activities.

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    Ganglia

    A collection of nerve cell bodies outside the brain.

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    Neuromuscular Junction

    The site where a nerve and muscle communicate.

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    Cranial Nerves

    Twelve pairs of nerves that arise directly from the brain.

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    Spinal Nerves

    Thirty-one pairs of nerves that branch from the spinal cord.

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    Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy

    A chronic pain condition typically affecting a limb after injury.

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    Study Notes

    Nervous System

    • Central Nervous System (CNS):
      • Brain:
        • Composed of cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem
        • Left hemisphere associated with language, right with perception
        • Ganglia: collections of nerves outside the brain (e.g., DRG)
        • Nuclei: collections of nerves inside the brain
        • Conditions:
          • CVA/Stroke (including Circle of Willis)
          • Aphasia (e.g., Broca's, Wernicke's, global)
          • Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
          • Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)
          • Rancho Los Amigos Levels of Cognitive Function (RLA-LOCF)
          • Cerebral Palsy (non-progressive, immature brain lesions)
      • Spinal Cord:
        • Conditions:
          • Spinal Cord Injury (SCI)
    • Peripheral Nervous System (PNS):
      • Cranial Nerves: 12 pairs
      • Spinal Nerves: 31 pairs
      • Plexus: Network of nerves (e.g., cervical, brachial, lumbar, sacral)
        • Phrenic nerve: associated with C3, C4, C5 vertebrae
      • Peripheral Nerves:
        • Brachial plexus: longest branch = radial/musculospiral, roots = C5-T1
        • Lumbar plexus: Largest branch = femoral (L2,L3,L4)
        • Sacral plexus: Sciatic nerve, L4,L5,S1,S2; piriformis syndrome; causes sciatica
    • Autonomic Nervous System (ANS):
      • Visceral organs and glands:
        • Two-neuron pathway regulated by hypothalamus
        • Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy / Causalgia/Shoulder Hand Syndrome
        • Cranial nerve X (Vagus): Affects heart rate
        • Division: Sympathetic (stress response) and Parasympathetic (rest and digest)
        • Sympathetic:
          • “Fight or Flight” response causes increased heart rate, blood pressure, bronchial dilation, etc.
        • Parasympathetic:
          • “Rest and Digest” response causes increased rest-related functions
        • Cholinergic (neurotransmitter: acetylcholine):
          • Used in pre-ganglionic & parasympathetic pathways
        • Adrenergic (neurotransmitter: epinephrine and norepinephrine):
          • Used in post-ganglionic pathways that control body reaction to stress.

    Somatic Nervous System

    • Striated muscles and skin:
      • Uses one long neuron
      • Neuromuscular junction (synapse) between neuron and muscle fiber

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    Related Documents

    SEM Functional and Organization of ANS PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the Central and Peripheral Nervous System, focusing on key structures such as the brain, spinal cord, and cranial nerves. This quiz covers important conditions related to neurological health, including strokes, traumatic brain injuries, and more. Assess your understanding of the various components and functions of the nervous system.

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