SEM Functional and Organization of ANS PDF

Nervous System 1.​ Central nervous system a.​ Brain -​ Main structures: cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem -​ Left = language; Right = perception -​ Ganglia = Collection of nerves outside the brain (DRG = dorsal root...

Nervous System 1.​ Central nervous system a.​ Brain -​ Main structures: cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem -​ Left = language; Right = perception -​ Ganglia = Collection of nerves outside the brain (DRG = dorsal root ganglion) -​ Nuclei = Collection of nerves inside the brain -​ Conditions: 1.​ CVA/Stroke -​ Circle of Willis -​ Aphasia -​ Lahat ng aphasia, MCAphasia -​ Common types: Broca’s, Wernickes, Global 2.​ Traumatic Brain Injury -​ GCS -​ RLA-LOCF 3.​ Cerebral Palsy -​ Non-progressive -​ Immature brain lesion b.​ Spinal cord -​ Conditions: 1.​ SCI 2.​ Peripheral nervous system -​ Cranial Nerves -​ 12 pairs -​ -​ Spinal Nerves -​ 31 pairs -​ Cerbelow (Level of nerve root in between vertebra) -​ Plexus -​ Cervical -​ Phrenic -​ C3, C4, C5 -​ Main myotomal level = C4 (diapragm)  -​ Brachial -​ Longest branch = radial/musculospiral -​ Roots = C5-T1 -​ Lumbar -​ Largest branch = femoral (L2, L3, L4) -​ Anterior crural nerve -​ Sacral -​ Sciatic -​ L4, L5, S1, S2 -​ Piriformis Syndrome -​ Muscle that causes sciatica -​ Fat wallet syndrome -​ Injection palsy -​ Ganglia -​ Ganglia = Collection of nerves outside the brain -​ DRG = dorsal root ganglion -​ 1st order -​ Round cells with one process leaving the body -​ Nuclei = Collection of nerves inside the brain Peripheral Nervous System ​ Organizations 1.​ Autonomic Nervous System -​ Visceral organs and glands -​ 2 neuron hook-up -​ Regulated by hypothalamus -​ Temperature and homeostasis -​ Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy/Causalgia/Shoulder Hand Syndrome -​ Shoulder and hand pain with hyperhidrosis -​ Cranial Nerve X = Heart -​ Vagal stimulation = decreased HR (vagal) -​ Vagotomy -​ Division: Sympathetic and Parasympathetic -​ Sympathetic -​ Sympathetic = Stress -​ Thoracolumbar -​ T1-L3 -​ Fight or Flight -​ Emergency -​ Increased HR (lahat ng nagiincrease sa heart sympa) -​ Increased BP d/t peripheral vasoconstriction -​ Coronary arteries will vasodilate under sympathetic response (caused by increased demand from work) -​ Bronchodilation -​ Mydriasis (pupillary dilation) -​ Decreased urine output -​ Constipation  -​Adrenergic (neurotransmitter: epinephrine and norepinephrine) -​ Sympathomimetic = epinephrine injection -​ Sympatholytic = regulates sympathetic response -​ Transmission = pre-ganglionic -> ACH -> post ganglion -> Epinephrine -> organ -​ Parasympathetic -​ Parasympathetic = Pahinga -​ Craniosacral -​ CN 10, 9, 7, 3 (1973) -​ 10: dorsal motor nucleus -​ Supplies heart -​ Supplies GIT -​ 9: inferior salivatory nucleus (parotid), excessive saliva production -​ 7: superior salivatory nucleus (submandibular, sublingual) -​ 3: Edinger Westphal (flip 3=E) -​ PERLA (pupils equally round, reactive to light and accommodation) -​ Anisocoria sign (unequal size of pupils) -​ S2-S4 (Nerve supply of urinary bladder) -​ Rest and digest -​ Increased peristalsis ( lahat ng nagiincrease sa tiyan para) -​ Bronchospasm -​ Miosis (constriciton of pupil) CN3 -​ Increased urine output (urinary bladder contraction, urinary sphincter relaxation) -​ Swine reflex -​ Cholinergic (neurotransmitter: ACH) -​ Transmission: Pre-ganglion -> ACH -> skeletal muscle -​ Generalization: -​ All autonomic pre-ganglionic are cholinergic -​ All parasympathetic post-ganglionic are cholinergic -​ Almost all sympathetic post-ganglionic are adrenergic except sweat glands and piloerector muscles -​ POINT AND SHOOT -​ Point -​ Erection = parasympathetic -​ Psychogenic erection -​ Sympathetic (Sychogenic L1,L2, L3) -​ Reflexogenic erection -​ Physical stimulation (S2, S3, S4) -​ Shoot -​ Ejaculate = sympathetic 2.​ Somatic Nervous System -​ Striated -​ Skeletal muscles, skin, joint -​ One long neuron -​ Neuromuscular junction/myoneural junction