Nervous System Functions and Structure

<p>8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 1 coccygeal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cauda equina (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dispose of debris (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ependymal cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neuroglia do not transmit messages. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Schwann cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Axon (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neuroglia cells can divide (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cell body (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Satellite cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transferring sensory impulses to the cortex (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypothalamus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Producing hormones that influence sleep patterns (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Midbrain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Brain stem (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epithalamus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypothalamus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To contain vesicles with neurotransmitters (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neurotransmitters are released and transmit signals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To produce myelin sheaths around axons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Afferent neurons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Destroys the myelin sheath surrounding nerves (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gaps in the myelin sheath along the axon (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To connect sensory and motor neurons within the CNS (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neurotransmitter molecules bind to receptor sites (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a group of neurons outside the CNS. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sensory input (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They involve activation of skeletal muscles. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diencephalon (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Brain and spinal cord (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A direct route from sensory neuron to effector. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Motor (efferent) division (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cerebellum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Somatic nervous system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It contains both gyri and sulci. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Form barriers between blood vessels and neurons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They regulate smooth muscles and glands. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Activating glands or muscles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Processing and interpreting sensory data (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cerebral hemispheres (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carry impulses to and from the CNS (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord, offering protection and lubrication.

CSF is produced by a network of blood vessels called the choroid plexus, located within the brain ventricles.

Spinal nerves emerge from the spinal cord and join together in networks called plexuses.

Each plexus combines different nerve fibers to form new, named peripheral nerves.

The cauda equina is a bundle of spinal nerve roots that resemble a horse's tail, located at the end of the spinal cord.

A group of neurons located outside of the central nervous system (CNS).

A group of neurons located within the central nervous system (CNS).

A bundle of nerve fibers (axons) located outside of the central nervous system (CNS).

A bundle of nerve fibers (axons) located within the central nervous system (CNS).

A rapid, predictable, and involuntary response to a stimulus.

The pathway of a reflex, involving a sensory neuron, interneuron, and effector.

Reflexes that regulate smooth muscles, heart, glands and the digestive system.

Reflexes that involve activation of skeletal muscles.

The nervous system gathers information about internal and external changes in the body, analyzes this information and then determines the appropriate response.

The central nervous system (CNS) consists of the brain and spinal cord. These structures integrate and process information from other parts of the body.

The peripheral nervous system (PNS) includes all the nerves that extend outside the brain and spinal cord. These nerves carry information to and from the CNS.

The sensory division of the PNS carries information from the body's sensory receptors to the CNS. This could include information from your skin, muscles, or internal organs.

The motor division of the PNS carries signals from the CNS to muscles and glands. This causes muscles to contract or glands to secrete.

The Somatic Nervous System controls voluntary muscle movements like walking, talking, and writing. Think of consciously making your muscles move.

The Autonomic Nervous System controls involuntary functions like breathing, heart rate, and digestion. These are processes that happen automatically without your conscious thought.

Astrocytes are star-shaped cells in the CNS that support neurons, create a barrier between capillaries and neurons, and control the chemical environment around neurons.

A specialized cell that transmits nerve impulses throughout the body. It consists of a cell body, axon, and dendrites.

The long, slender projection of a neuron that carries nerve impulses away from the cell body.

Branch-like extensions of a neuron that receive signals from other neurons.

The small gap between the axon terminal of one neuron and the dendrite or cell body of another neuron.

Chemicals released from axon terminals that transmit signals across the synaptic cleft.

A fatty covering that insulates axons, increasing the speed of nerve impulse transmission.

Gaps in the myelin sheath along an axon, where nerve impulses jump from one node to the next.

A disease that damages the myelin sheath, affecting nerve impulse transmission and causing muscle weakness and other symptoms.

Specialized cells in the central nervous system (CNS) that engulf and destroy debris, similar to macrophages.

A relay station for sensory impulses, it transfers impulses to the correct part of the cortex for localization and interpretation.

It surrounds the third ventricle and acts as a relay station for sensory impulses.

Line the cavities of the brain and spinal cord, and are responsible for circulating cerebrospinal fluid.

Cells in the CNS that produce the myelin sheath, which insulates nerve fibers for faster signal transmission.

The hypothalamus controls many autonomic functions like body temperature, water balance, and metabolism.

Support cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) that surround and protect neuron cell bodies.

It's located under the thalamus and serves as a critical center for regulating autonomic functions like temperature and metabolism.

This part of the diencephalon forms the roof of the third ventricle, houses the pineal gland, and includes the choroid plexus.

Cells in the PNS responsible for forming the myelin sheath around nerve fibers, analogous to oligodendrocytes in the CNS.

A part of the brainstem, it attaches to the spinal cord and is responsible for regulating various autonomic functions, like breathing.

As part of the brainstem, it primarily consists of nerve fiber tracts, but it also includes nuclei involved in regulating breathing.

The metabolic center of the neuron and houses the nucleus.

Located in the brainstem, it primarily consists of nerve fiber tracts and contains reflex centers for vision and hearing.