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What is the primary function of the somatic nervous system?
What is the primary function of the somatic nervous system?
What is the ratio of cranial nerves to spinal nerves in the peripheral nervous system?
What is the ratio of cranial nerves to spinal nerves in the peripheral nervous system?
What is the primary function of neuroglia?
What is the primary function of neuroglia?
What is the longest process of a neuron?
What is the longest process of a neuron?
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What is the central nervous system composed of?
What is the central nervous system composed of?
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What is the function of dendrites in a neuron?
What is the function of dendrites in a neuron?
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What is the autonomic nervous system responsible for controlling?
What is the autonomic nervous system responsible for controlling?
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What is the difference between gray matter and white matter in the central nervous system?
What is the difference between gray matter and white matter in the central nervous system?
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Which cranial nerve is responsible for transmitting sensory information related to smell?
Which cranial nerve is responsible for transmitting sensory information related to smell?
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Which type of fibers carry nerve impulses away from the central nervous system?
Which type of fibers carry nerve impulses away from the central nervous system?
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How many pairs of spinal nerves leave the spinal cord?
How many pairs of spinal nerves leave the spinal cord?
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Which cranial nerve is responsible for transmitting sensory information related to balance and hearing?
Which cranial nerve is responsible for transmitting sensory information related to balance and hearing?
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What is the function of the anterior root of a spinal nerve?
What is the function of the anterior root of a spinal nerve?
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Which cranial nerve is responsible for transmitting motor information to the tongue?
Which cranial nerve is responsible for transmitting motor information to the tongue?
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What is the function of the posterior root of a spinal nerve?
What is the function of the posterior root of a spinal nerve?
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How many regions of the vertebral column are associated with spinal nerves?
How many regions of the vertebral column are associated with spinal nerves?
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What type of fibers are concerned with conveying information about sensations of touch, pain, temperature, and vibrations?
What type of fibers are concerned with conveying information about sensations of touch, pain, temperature, and vibrations?
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What is formed at each intervertebral foramen?
What is formed at each intervertebral foramen?
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What is the main function of the autonomic nervous system?
What is the main function of the autonomic nervous system?
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Where are the cervical and brachial plexuses found?
Where are the cervical and brachial plexuses found?
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What is the posterior ramus responsible for supplying?
What is the posterior ramus responsible for supplying?
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What are the two parts of the autonomic nervous system?
What are the two parts of the autonomic nervous system?
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What is the primary function of the sympathetic nervous system?
What is the primary function of the sympathetic nervous system?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the parasympathetic nervous system?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the parasympathetic nervous system?
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What is the origin of neurons of the parasympathetic system?
What is the origin of neurons of the parasympathetic system?
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What is the main function of the hypothalamus?
What is the main function of the hypothalamus?
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What is the purpose of the sympathetic nervous system's 'fight or flight' response?
What is the purpose of the sympathetic nervous system's 'fight or flight' response?
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What is the structure of a mucous membrane?
What is the structure of a mucous membrane?
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Where are serous membranes found?
Where are serous membranes found?
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What is the function of the parasympathetic nervous system?
What is the function of the parasympathetic nervous system?
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Study Notes
Nervous System
- Divided into:
- Central Nervous System (CNS): brain and spinal cord
- Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves
Central Nervous System (CNS)
- Composed of two major cell types:
- Neurons: structural and functional cells, consist of nerve cells and their processes
- Neuroglia: supporting nervous tissue for neurons
- Neurons have two types of processes:
- Dendrites: short processes that carry nerve impulses towards the nerve cell body
- Axon: longest process that carries nerve impulses away from the nerve cell body
- Interior of CNS organized into:
- Gray matter: nerve cells embedded in neuroglia
- White matter: nerve fibers (axons) embedded in neuroglia
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
- Consists of:
- Cranial nerves: 12 pairs that leave the brain and pass through foramina in the skull
- Spinal nerves: 31 pairs that leave the spinal cord and pass through intervertebral foramina
Cranial Nerves
- 12 pairs of cranial nerves:
- I. Olfactory nerve: sensory for smell
- II. Optic nerve: sensory for vision
- III. Oculomotor nerve: motor fibers to eye muscles
- IV. Trochlear nerve: motor fibers to eye muscles
- V. Trigeminal nerve: sensory for the face; motor fibers to chewing muscles
- ...
- XII. Hypoglossal nerve: motor fibers to tongue
Spinal Nerves
- 31 pairs of spinal nerves:
- Cervical: 8 pairs
- Thoracic: 12 pairs
- Lumbar: 5 pairs
- Sacral: 5 pairs
- Coccygeal: 1 pair
- Each spinal nerve connected to spinal cord by two roots:
- Anterior root: bundles of nerve fibers carrying nerve impulses away from CNS (efferent fibers)
- Posterior root: bundles of nerve fibers carrying impulses to CNS (afferent fibers)
Autonomic Nervous System
- Concerned with innervation of involuntary structures (heart, smooth muscle, glands)
- Divided into two parts:
- Sympathetic system: prepares body for action and emergency (fight or flight response)
- Parasympathetic system: conserves and restores energy and functions (rest or digest)
Sympathetic System
- Increases:
- Heart rate
- Respiration
- Blood pressure
- Blood flow to brain, heart, and skeletal muscles
- Pupils dilation
- Decreases:
- Peristalsis of intestinal tract
- Visceral activity
- Neurons originate in thoracic and upper lumbar segments of spinal cord (T1-L3)
Parasympathetic System
- Decreases:
- Heart rate
- Respiration
- Blood pressure
- Pupils constriction
- Increases:
- Peristalsis of intestinal tract
- Visceral activity
- Glandular activity
- Neurons originate in brain (cranial outflow) or sacral spinal cord (sacral outflow)
Mucous Membranes
- Line organs or passages that communicate with the surface of the body
- Consist of:
- Epithelium
- Lamina propria (connective tissue)
- Smooth muscle (muscularis mucosa)
- May or may not secrete mucus on its surface
Serous Membranes
- Line cavities of the trunk and are reflected onto mobile viscera lying within these cavities
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Description
This quiz covers the Nervous System, including the Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System, as well as neurons and neuroglia. Learn about the structure and function of the nervous system.
