Nervous System and Synapses
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the hypothalamus?

  • Regulating body temperature, thirst, and appetite (correct)
  • Interpreting vision and hearing
  • Processing speech and reasoning
  • Controlling fine movements of the body

    • What is the function of the midbrain?

  • Acting as a relay station for tracts passing between the cerebrum and spinal cord (correct)
  • Processing speech and emotions
  • Interpreting sensory input from the eyes, ears, and joints
  • Regulating body temperature and appetite

    • Which part of the brain is responsible for controlling sex drive?

  • Cerebellum
  • Medulla oblongata
  • Cerebrum
  • Hypothalamus (correct)

    • What is the function of the reflex centers in the brain stem?

    <p>Responding to visual, auditory, and tactile stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is separated from the brain stem by the fourth ventricle?

    <p>Cerebellum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the pons?

    <p>Regulating breathing rate and head movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is responsible for fine control of movement?

    <p>Cerebellum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the medulla oblongata?

    <p>Regulating heartbeat and breathing rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of sensory receptors in the human nervous system?

    <p>To sense stimuli, such as pressure, pain, and temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system?

    <p>The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord, while the peripheral nervous system consists of nerves that branch out from the brain and spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of neuromuscular junctions?

    <p>To facilitate communication between neurons and muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the central nervous system?

    <p>To integrate and process sensory information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of central nervous tissue that makes it fragile?

    <p>It is delicate and cannot be replaced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the four major features that protect the central nervous system?

    <p>To protect the CNS from injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the peripheral nervous system?

    <p>To transmit nerve impulses to muscles and glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the spinal cord in the human nervous system?

    <p>To act as a relay station for nerve impulses between the brain and the rest of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the word 'pons' mean in Latin?

    <p>Bridge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the pons in the brain?

    <p>Processing sensory information and generating commands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the pupils when light intensity increases?

    <p>They constrict (become smaller)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the activity involving observing the size of the pupil?

    <p>To observe how the pupil responds to changes in light intensity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pathway of light through the eye?

    <p>Through the retina to the optic nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the light-sensitive cells in the retina?

    <p>To stimulate impulses to the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the nerve that carries impulses from the eye to the brain?

    <p>Optic nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the pupils immediately after removing the cover from the eyes?

    <p>They dilate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the pinna in the human ear?

    <p>To trap and funnel sound into the ear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the thin membrane at the end of the ear canal?

    <p>Eardrum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Activity 5.30?

    <p>To research on human eye defects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the tube in the human ear?

    <p>Ear canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the ear?

    <p>To hear and maintain body balance and position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the length of the human ear canal?

    <p>2 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the part of the ear that is visible externally?

    <p>Outer ear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the inner ear?

    <p>Concerned with hearing and equilibrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the membrane in the ear that vibrates to sound?

    <p>Eardrum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cavity of the ear between the eardrum and the inner ear?

    <p>Middle ear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the eardrum?

    <p>To vibrate to sound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the structure shown in Figure 5.30?

    <p>Pinna of human ear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Nervous System

    • The human nervous system has two main parts: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system.
    • The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord.
    • The peripheral nervous system consists of nerves that branch out from the brain and spinal cord.

    Brain

    • The brain is protected by hard, bony structures and has four major features that help protect it from injury.
    • The brain performs higher functions such as interpreting touch, vision, and hearing, as well as speech, reasoning, emotions, learning, and fine control of movement.

    Cerebrum

    • The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain and is divided into two hemispheres.
    • The hypothalamus is the center for homeostatic control of the internal environment and regulates thirst, appetite, and body temperature.

    Cerebellum

    • The cerebellum is located under the occipital lobe and is separated from the brain stem by the fourth ventricle.
    • It receives sensory input from the eyes, ears, joints, and muscles about the present position of body parts.

    Brain Stem

    • The brain stem connects the cerebrum to the spinal cord and consists of the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata.
    • The midbrain acts as a relay station for tracts passing between the cerebrum and the spinal cord or cerebellum.
    • The pons contains bundles of axons traveling between the cerebellum and the rest of the CNS.

    Sensory Receptors

    • Sensory receptors are nerve endings that can sense stimuli, such as pressure, pain, temperature, and start a nerve impulse.

    Synapses

    • Special types of synapses include neuromuscular junctions, which play a crucial role in the transmission of nerve impulses to muscles.

    Neurotransmitters

    • Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that transmit signals between neurons and play a crucial role in the nervous system.

    Eye

    • The eye has a pupil that changes size in response to light intensity.
    • The pupil constricts in bright light and dilates in low light.

    Ear

    • The ear is divided into three regions: the outer ear, middle ear, and inner ear.
    • The outer ear consists of a flap called a pinna (auricle).
    • The middle ear contains the eardrum and the inner ear contains the cochlea and semicircular canals.

    Eye Defects

    • Types of human eye defects include cataracts and glaucoma, which can be resolved with medical treatment.

    Traditional Mechanisms

    • Traditional mechanisms used to regulate body homeostasis in different localities may vary, and discussing these mechanisms in small groups can help identify unique approaches to maintaining body equilibrium.

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    Description

    Explore the different types of synapses, neuromuscular junctions, and their roles in the nervous system. Learn about the various types of nervous systems and reflect on your findings.

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