Nervous System and Anatomy Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Match the following nerves with their primary functions:

Trigeminal = Sensory and motor functions of the face Facial = Controls facial expressions Glossopharyngeal = Taste and swallowing Vagus = Autonomic functions of the heart and digestive system

Match the following structures with their corresponding locations in the neck:

Sternocleidomastoid muscle = Divides anterior and posterior triangles of neck Subclavian artery = Located in posterior triangle of neck Digastric triangle = Contains submandibular salivary gland Ansa cervicalis = Supplies infrahyoid muscles except thyrohyoid

Match the following muscles with their functions:

Mylohyoid = Elevates the hyoid bone Digastric = Depresses the mandible Genioglossus = Protrudes the tongue Hyoglossus = Depresses the tongue

Match the following branches with their respective nerves from the anterior division of the mandibular nerve:

Masseteric nerve = Supplies masseter muscle Deep temporal nerves = Supplies temporalis muscle Nerve to lateral pterygoid = Supplies lateral pterygoid muscle Buccal nerve = Innervates the cheek area Signup and view all the answers

Match the following glands with their associated ducts:

Submandibular gland = Submandibular duct Sublingual gland = Sublingual duct Parotid gland = Parotid duct Thyroid gland = Thyroid duct Signup and view all the answers

Match the following anatomical relations to the relevant salivary gland:

Submandibular gland = Mylohyoid muscle above Sublingual gland = Genioglossus muscle below Parotid gland = Masseter muscle Thyroid gland = Trachea and esophagus Signup and view all the answers

Match the following nerves with the glands they innervate:

Trigeminal = Sublingual gland Facial = Submandibular gland Glossopharyngeal = Parotid gland Vagus = Thyroid gland Signup and view all the answers

Match the following branches to the maxillary nerve:

Meningeal branches = Innervates the meninges Zygomatic branch = Supplies the zygomatic region Posterior superior alveolar nerve = Supplies upper molar teeth Middle superior alveolar nerve = Supplies upper premolar teeth Signup and view all the answers

Match the following operations with their results:

Mylohyoid contraction = Elevates hyoid bone Digastric contraction = Depresses mandible Geniohyoid contraction = Elevates hyoid bone Hyoglossus contraction = Depresses tongue Signup and view all the answers

Match the following components with their location in the pterygopalatine fossa:

Maxillary nerve = Primary sensory nerve Third part of maxillary artery = Supplies arterial blood Pterygopalatine ganglion = Parasympathetic ganglion Greater petrosal nerve = Provides parasympathetic root to ganglion Signup and view all the answers

Match the following anatomical structures with their positions:

Submandibular duct = Between hypoglossal and lingual nerve Mylohyoid muscle = Superior to submandibular gland Sublingual fossa = Below the tongue Lingual nerve = Between the mandible and the mylohyoid Signup and view all the answers

Match the following nerves with their functions:

Auriculotemporal nerve = Conveys secretomotor fibers Lingual nerve = Provides general sensation to tongue Nerve to medial pterygoid = Supplies multiple pterygoid muscles Chorda tympani nerve = Joins lingual nerve for taste fibers Signup and view all the answers

Match the following infrahyoid muscles with their supply:

Sternohyoid = Innervated by ansa cervicalis Sternothyroid = Innervated by ansa cervicalis Omohyoid = Innervated by ansa cervicalis Thyrohyoid = Not innervated by ansa cervicalis Signup and view all the answers

Match the following fibers' origins to the appropriate ganglia:

Solitary nucleus = Parasympathetic afferent fibers Nucleus ambiguus = Motor fibers to pharynx and larynx Inferior salivatory nucleus = Parotid gland Superior salivatory nucleus = Submandibular and sublingual glands Signup and view all the answers

Match the following contents of the posterior triangle with their respective types:

Subclavian artery = Vascular structure Roots of brachial plexus = Nerve structure External jugular vein = Venous structure Scalene medius muscle = Muscular structure Signup and view all the answers

Match the cranial nerves with their respective branches:

Glossopharyngeal Nerve = Tympanic branch Vagus Nerve = Recurrent laryngeal nerve Hypoglossal Nerve = Muscular branches to tongue Accessory Nerve = Cranial root Signup and view all the answers

Match the function with the cranial nerve responsible for it:

Facial Nerve = Motor innervation for the face Trigeminal Nerve = Divides into three branches Vagus Nerve = Supplies muscles of pharynx Hypoglossal Nerve = Innervates tongue muscles Signup and view all the answers

Match the following muscles with their actions in relation to the vocal folds:

Cricothyroid muscle = Tensing the vocal cords Thyroarytenoid (vocalis) muscle = Relaxing the vocal cords Lateral cricoarytenoid muscle = Adducting the vocal cords Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle = Abducting the vocal cords Signup and view all the answers

Match the nerve to its specific branch or function:

Glossopharyngeal Nerve = Nerve to stylopharyngeus Vagus Nerve = Pharyngeal branch Trigeminal Nerve = Mental nerve Hypoglossal Nerve = Nerve to thyrohyoid Signup and view all the answers

Match the following laryngeal inlet modifiers with their actions:

Oblique arytenoid muscle = Narrowing the laryngeal inlet Thyroepiglottic muscle = Widening the laryngeal inlet Cricothyroid muscle = Not a modifier of the laryngeal inlet Recurrent laryngeal nerve = Innervates intrinsic laryngeal muscles except cricothyroid Signup and view all the answers

Match the anatomical structures with where they are supplied from:

Bucucinator Muscle = Facial Nerve Upper Lip = Infraorbital Nerve Skin over the angle of the mandible = Great Auricular Nerve Thyroid Gland = Vagus Nerve Signup and view all the answers

Match the nerve with how it exits the skull:

Glossopharyngeal Nerve = Jugular foramen Hypoglossal Nerve = Hypoglossal canal Accessory Nerve = Jugular foramen Vagus Nerve = Jugular foramen Signup and view all the answers

Match the following muscles with their role in extrinsic laryngeal movements:

Digastric muscle = Elevation of the larynx Sternothyroid muscle = Depression of the larynx Mylohyoid muscle = Elevation of the larynx Omohyoid muscle = Depression of the larynx Signup and view all the answers

Match the branches with the nerve they belong to:

Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve = Vagus Nerve Supraorbital Nerve = Ophthalmic Nerve Mental Nerve = Mandibular Nerve External Laryngeal Nerve = Vagus Nerve Signup and view all the answers

Match the following nerve supplies with their corresponding muscles:

Recurrent laryngeal nerve = Most intrinsic laryngeal muscles External laryngeal nerve = Cricothyroid muscle Vagus nerve = Innervates laryngeal muscles Superior laryngeal nerve = Branches to laryngeal muscles Signup and view all the answers

Match the following components with their anatomical relations in the pharynx:

Pharyngeal raphe = Extends to the esophagus Tonsillar ring = Waldeyer’s ring Cervical vertebra = Ends pharynx at C6 Pharyngeal tubercle = On the occipital bone Signup and view all the answers

Match the statement to the correct nerve:

The upper lip has its sensory supply from = Infraorbital Nerve Great Auricular Nerve supplies = Skin over angle of mandible The parotid duct opens opposite = Upper second molar The internal laryngeal nerve is = Sensory to larynx above vocal cords Signup and view all the answers

Match the following laryngeal cartilages with their characteristics:

Thyroid cartilage = Largest laryngeal cartilage Cricoid cartilage = Ring-shaped cartilage Arytenoid cartilage = Paired laryngeal cartilage Epiglottis = Covers laryngeal inlet during swallowing Signup and view all the answers

Match the nerve to the area it supplies:

Maxillary Nerve = Supplies upper jaw Mandibular Nerve = Supplies lower jaw Ophthalmic Nerve = Supplies upper face Facial Nerve = Supplies expressions muscles Signup and view all the answers

Match the following intrinsic laryngeal muscles with their functions:

Transverse arytenoid = Approximates arytenoid cartilages Lateral cricoarytenoid = Adducts vocal cords Posterior cricoarytenoid = Abducts vocal cords Thyroarytenoid = Involved in vocal fold tension Signup and view all the answers

Match the cranial nerve to its corresponding type of fiber:

Vagus Nerve = Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers Glossopharyngeal Nerve = Sensory fibers Trigeminal Nerve = Mixed fibers Hypoglossal Nerve = Motor fibers Signup and view all the answers

Match the vein with its formation:

Retromandibular Vein = Union of maxillary and superficial temporal veins Facial Vein = Drains the face External Jugular Vein = Drains the outside of the skull Internal Jugular Vein = Drains the brain Signup and view all the answers

Match the following muscles with their classifications:

Digastric = Extrinsic muscle elevating the larynx Sternohyoid = Extrinsic muscle depressing the larynx Thyroarytenoid = Intrinsic muscle relaxing vocal cords Cricothyroid = Intrinsic muscle tensing vocal cords Signup and view all the answers

Match the cranial nerves with their primary characteristics:

Glossopharyngeal nerve = Emerges from the medulla oblongata Vagus nerve = Supplies muscles of the larynx Accessory nerve = Has both cranial and spinal roots Facial nerve = Responsible for facial expressions Signup and view all the answers

Match the statement about the accessory nerve with its correct detail:

Cranial root of the accessory nerve = Emerges from the pons Spinal root of the accessory nerve = Arises from upper cervical segments Accessory nerve function = Distributed through vagus nerve branches Accessory nerve type = It is a mixed nerve Signup and view all the answers

Match the incorrect statements about the vagus nerve:

Vagus nerve composition = Composed of only sensory fibers Vagus nerve skull exit = Leaves through the jugular foramen Vagus nerve course = Descends alongside carotid arteries Vagus nerve abdominal entry = Enters through the aortic opening Signup and view all the answers

Match the statements regarding the hypoglossal nerve:

Emergence of hypoglossal nerve = Emerges from the medulla oblongata Pathway of hypoglossal nerve = Crosses internal and external carotid arteries Innervation by hypoglossal nerve = Innervates all tongue muscles C1 fibers relationship = Joined by C1 fibers from the cervical plexus Signup and view all the answers

Match the muscles supplied by the spinal root of the accessory nerve:

Sternocleidomastoid muscle = Supplied by the spinal root Trapezius muscle = Supplied by the spinal root Mylohyoid muscle = Not supplied by the spinal root Styloglossus muscle = Not supplied by the spinal root Signup and view all the answers

Match the incorrect statements about recurrent laryngeal nerve:

Right recurrent laryngeal path = Hooks around the aortic arch Left recurrent laryngeal path = Hooks around subclavian artery Muscle supply = Supplies cricothyroid muscle Mucous membrane supply = Supplies larynx below vocal cords Signup and view all the answers

Match the facts about the superior laryngeal nerve:

Division of superior laryngeal nerve = Divides into internal and external nerves Internal laryngeal nerve function = Sensory to mucous membrane below vocal cords External laryngeal nerve function = Motor supply to cricothyroid muscle Location of external laryngeal nerve = Located close to the superior thyroid artery Signup and view all the answers

Match the cranial nerves with their muscle innervation:

Glossopharyngeal nerve = Throat muscles Vagus nerve = Larynx and pharynx Accessory nerve = Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles Hypoglossal nerve = All muscles of the tongue except palatoglossus Signup and view all the answers

Match the following nerves with their associated functions:

Accessory nerve = Innervates the trapezius muscle Vagus nerve = Innervates the heart Glossopharyngeal nerve = Taste sensation from the posterior tongue Hypoglossal nerve = Motor innervation to the tongue Signup and view all the answers

Match the following cranial nerves with their respective openings:

Hypoglossal nerve = Foramen magnum Vagus nerve = Jugular foramen Glossopharyngeal nerve = Jugular foramen Accessory nerve = Jugular foramen Signup and view all the answers

Match the following sinus openings with their locations:

Frontal sinus = Infundibulum Sphenoid sinus = Sphenoethmoidal recess Anterior ethmoidal air sinuses = Superior meatus Posterior ethmoidal air sinuses = Superior meatus Signup and view all the answers

Match the following branches with their origins:

Motor pharyngeal branches = Vagus nerve Carotid branch = Glossopharyngeal nerve Chorda tympani nerve = Facial nerve Inferior alveolar nerve = Mandibular nerve Signup and view all the answers

Match the following functions to the appropriate cranial nerves:

Genioglossus = Retracts the tongue Tensor veli palatini = Tenses the soft palate Hyoglossus = Depresses the tongue Vagus nerve = Innervates the pharyngeal muscles Signup and view all the answers

Match the following nerves with their characteristics:

Hypoglossal nerve = Innervates all muscles of the tongue except one Vagus nerve = Widely innervates internal organs Glossopharyngeal nerve = Involved in taste and swallowing Accessory nerve = Associated with shoulder elevation Signup and view all the answers

Match the following structures with their respective openings:

Nasolacrimal duct = Inferior meatus Sphenoethmoidal recess = Opens for sphenoid sinus Inferior meatus = Opens for nasolacrimal duct Superior meatus = Opens for anterior ethmoidal sinuses Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Scalp and Face

Five layers of the scalp are: skin, connective tissue, aponeurosis of occipitofrontalis, loose areolar connective tissue, and periosteum.
Four sensory nerves of the scalp are: supratrochlear nerve, supraorbital nerve, zygomaticotemporal nerve, and auriculotemporal nerve.
Four arteries supplying the scalp are: supratrochlear artery, supraorbital artery, superficial temporal artery, and posterior auricular artery.
Three divisions of the trigeminal nerve are: ophthalmic division, maxillary division, and mandibular division.

Facial Nerves

Four sensory nerves of the face are: supraorbital nerve, supratrochlear nerve, infraorbital nerve, and mental nerve.
Four arteries supplying the face are: facial artery, superficial temporal artery, supraorbital artery, and supratrochlear artery.
Structures within the parotid gland include: facial nerve, retromandibular vein, and external carotid artery.
Terminal branches of the facial nerve within the parotid gland include: temporal branch, zygomatic branch, buccal branch, mandibular branch, and cervical branch.

The Neck and Triangles

The cervical branch of the facial nerve supplies the platysma muscle, which depresses the mandible and angle of the mouth.
The sternocleidomastoid muscle is supplied by the spinal part of the accessory nerve. This muscle bends the head to its own side and rotates it towards the opposite side. Both muscles together bend the head forward.
Contents of the carotid sheath include the vagus nerve, internal jugular vein, and external carotid artery.
The sternocleidomastoid muscle divides the neck into anterior and posterior triangles.
Muscles forming the floor of the posterior triangle include splenius capitis, levator scapulae, and scalene medius muscle.

Temporal and Infratemporal Fossa

Branches of the posterior division of the mandibular nerve include: auriculotemporal nerve, lingual nerve, and inferior alveolar nerve. The mylohyoid nerve branches off from the inferior alveolar nerve.
Branches of the maxillary nerve include: meningeal branches, zygomatic branches, ganglionic branches, posterior superior alveolar nerve, middle superior alveolar nerve, and anterior superior alveolar nerve.
Contents of the pterygopalatine fossa include: maxillary nerve, the third part of the maxillary artery, and pterygopalatine ganglion.

Submandibular Region

The submandibular duct is approximately 5 cm long and lies between the lingual nerve and hypoglossal nerve before opening into the sublingual papilla.
The submandibular gland is continuous with itself along the mylohyoid muscle. The submandibular ganglion is situated on the lateral surface of the hyoglossus muscle below the lingual nerve.

Mouth and Nasal Cavities

The nasal septum is composed of vomer, perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone, and cartilage.
The tongue is divided into anterior two-thirds (palatine part) and posterior one-third (pharyngeal part).
The frontal sinus, maxillary sinus, and posterior ethmoidal sinus open into the middle meatus of the nose, while the middle ethmoidal sinus opens into the middle meatus.
The olfactory nerve is responsible for smell sensation.
All tongue muscles are supplied by the hypoglossal nerve, except the palatoglossus, which is supplied by the pharyngeal plexus.
All palate muscles are supplied by the pharyngeal plexus except the tensor palati, supplied by the mandibular nerve.

Pharynx and Larynx

Structures present in the lateral wall of the nasopharynx include nasopharyngeal tonsil (adenoid), pharyngeal opening of auditory (Eustachian) tube, tubal elevation, and salpingopharyngeal fold.
Tonsils forming the Waldeyer's ring include lingual, palatine, tubal, and pharyngeal tonsils.
Single laryngeal cartilages are the thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, and epiglottis. Paired cartilages are arytenoid cartilages, corniculate cartilages, and cuneiform cartilages.

Laryngeal Muscles

Muscles modifying the laryngeal inlet include oblique arytenoid and thyroepiglottic muscles.
Muscles moving the vocal cords include: cricothyroid, thyroarytenoid, lateral cricoarytenoid, and posterior cricoarytenoid muscles.
Extrinsic muscles of the larynx include those that elevate (digastric, stylohyoid, mylohyoid, geniohyoid, stylopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus muscles) and depress (sternothyroid, sternohyoid, and omohyoid muscles) the larynx.
The pharynx continuous with the esophagus at the 6th cervical vertebra. The tonsillar ring is at the entrance of the gastrointestinal tract and respiratory tract.
The largest cartilage in the larynx is the thyroid cartilage. The oblique arytenoid muscle narrows the laryngeal inlet during swallowing, whereas the thyroepiglottic muscle widens the inlet.

Lower Four Cranial Nerves and Cervical Plexus

Branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve: tympanic branch, pharyngeal branch, nerve to stylopharyngeus, and carotid branch.
Branches of the vagus nerve: recurrent laryngeal nerve, superior laryngeal nerve, cardiac branch, and pharyngeal nerve.
Branches of the hypoglossal nerve: muscular branches to the tongue, descending branch of the ansa cervicalis, nerve to thyrohyoid, and nerve to geniohyoid.
The glossopharyngeal nerve exits the skull through the jugular foramen.

Other Key Structures and nerves

The superior laryngeal nerve divides into external and internal branches. The internal laryngeal nerve is sensory to the mucosa of the larynx above the vocal cords.
The accessory nerve is formed of cranial and spinal roots and exits the skull through the jugular foramen.
The hypoglossalnerve exits the skull through the hypoglossal canal.
Muscular branches of the hypoglossal nerve supply all muscles of the tongue except palatoglossus.

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Description

This quiz covers various aspects of the nervous system and anatomy, including matching nerves with their functions, anatomical structures with their locations, and glands with their associated ducts. Test your knowledge of the intricate relationships between the body's nerve supply and anatomical features.