Nervous System and Anatomy Quiz

The division of the neck region into anterior and posterior triangles by the sternocleidomastoid muscle.

The muscles forming the floor of the posterior triangle of the neck, responsible for head and shoulder movement.

The branches of the mandibular nerve supplying the muscles of mastication (chewing) and the buccal region.

The branches of the maxillary nerve supplying the upper teeth, maxillary sinus, and other facial structures.

The structure located behind the maxilla (upper jaw), containing the maxillary nerve, maxillary artery, and pterygopalatine ganglion.

The sensory and parasympathetic roots of the pterygopalatine ganglion, responsible for sensory information and lacrimal gland function.

The nerve that supplies the medial pterygoid muscle, tensor palati, and tensor tympani, involved in chewing, swallowing, and ear function.

The nerve that conveys parasympathetic fibers to the parotid gland, responsible for salivary secretion.

The oblique arytenoid muscle constricts the laryngeal opening, closing it during swallowing.

The thyroepiglottic muscle widens the opening of the larynx.

The cricothyroid muscle tenses the vocal cords, making them tighter and higher pitched.

The thyroarytenoid muscle (including the vocalis muscle) relaxes the vocal cords, making them looser and lower pitched.

The lateral cricoarytenoid muscle adducts the vocal cords, bringing them together, making sound production possible.

The posterior cricoarytenoid muscle abducts the vocal cords, pulling them apart, allowing air to flow through the larynx.

The transverse arytenoid muscle brings the arytenoid cartilages closer together, aiding in shutting the airway.

All intrinsic muscles of the larynx, except the cricothyroid muscle, are supplied by the recurrent laryngeal nerve. The cricothyroid muscle is supplied by the external laryngeal nerve branch.

The Tympanic branch of the Glossopharyngeal nerve enters the tympanic cavity in the middle ear. It also contains preganglionic parasympathetic fibers destined for the parotid gland, which leave the plexus as the lesser petrosal nerve.

The Glossopharyngeal nerve exits the skull through the jugular foramen, a large opening at the base of the skull.

The Nerve to Stylopharyngeus is a branch of the Glossopharyngeal nerve. Helps lift the pharynx and larynx during swallowing.

The Glossopharyngeal, Vagus, and Accessory nerves all pass through the jugular foramen.

The cranial root of the Accessory nerve joins the Vagus nerve and contributes to its pharyngeal and recurrent laryngeal branches, which are involved in swallowing and voice control.

The pharyngeal branch of the Vagus nerve supplies all the muscles of the pharynx except the Stylopharyngeus muscle, and the palate muscles except the Tensor Palati.

The Superior Laryngeal Nerve, a branch of the Vagus nerve, splits into two branches: the external and internal laryngeal nerves.

The Internal Laryngeal Nerve is responsible for providing sensory innervation to the larynx's mucosa located above the vocal cords.

The Accessory Nerve is formed by a combination of cranial and spinal roots.

The spinal and cranial roots of the Accessory nerve exit the skull through the Jugular Foramen.

The mylohyoid muscle elevates the hyoid bone, which is important for swallowing and speech.

The anterior belly of the digastric muscle originates from the anterior part of the mandible, near the chin.

The mylohyoid muscle is supplied by the inferior alveolar nerve, a branch of the mandibular nerve.

The mylohyoid muscle divides the submandibular gland into a superficial part and a deep part.

The submandibular duct lies between the lingual nerve above and the hypoglossal nerve below.

The parasympathetic secretomotor supply of the submandibular salivary gland comes from the facial nerve.

The deep part of the submandibular salivary gland is related anteriorly to the sublingual gland.

The parasympathetic preganglionic afferent fibers of the submandibular ganglion originate from the inferior salivatory nucleus.

The accessory nerve (CN XI) innervates the trapezius muscle, which helps elevate, retract, and rotate the scapula (shoulder blade).

The sternocleidomastoid muscle is innervated by the accessory nerve (CN XI), not the vagus nerve. The vagus nerve controls various organs and functions, including the heart, stomach, and pharyngeal muscles.

The hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) provides motor innervation to the tongue allowing for movements like protrusion, retraction, and side-to-side movements needed for speech and swallowing.

The accessory nerve (CN XI) passes through the foramen magnum, a large opening at the base of the skull. It exits alongside the spinal cord before branching out to innervate muscles.

The hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) does not pass through the jugular foramen. It has its own opening, the hypoglossal canal, located below the jugular foramen.

The vagus nerve, glossopharyngeal nerve, and accessory nerve all exit the skull through the jugular foramen. This opening allows for communication between the brain and the body.

The pharyngeal plexus, a network of nerves supplying the pharynx, receives motor branches from the vagus nerve (CN X). This network allows coordination for swallowing and speech.

The carotid sinus nerve, a branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX), supplies the carotid sinus and carotid body. These structures play a role in regulating blood pressure.

The vagus nerve, a mixed nerve containing both motor and sensory fibers, originates from the medulla oblongata, exits the skull through the jugular foramen, descends alongside the carotid arteries and vein within the carotid sheath, and enters the abdomen through the aortic opening in the diaphragm. However, it does not supply the muscles of the larynx.

The accessory nerve, a mixed nerve, originates from both the pons and the spinal cord. The cranial root arises from the pons, travels laterally in the posterior cranial fossa, and joins the spinal root. The spinal root emerges from the upper five segments of the cervical spinal cord. However, the spinal root does not join the vagus nerve.

The spinal root, originating from upper cervical spinal cord segments, supplies the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles, crucial for head and shoulder movement, respectively.

The hypoglossal nerve is a motor nerve responsible for controlling tongue movements. It originates from the medulla oblongata, exits the skull through the hypoglossal canal, descends and crosses the carotid arteries to reach the tongue. However, it is not joined by C1 fibers from the cervical plexus.

All intrinsic tongue muscles are innervated by the hypoglossal nerve, except the palatoglossus muscle, which is innervated by the vagus nerve.

The recurrent laryngeal nerve, a branch of the vagus nerve, supplies all laryngeal muscles, EXCEPT the cricothyroid muscle. It is closely related to the inferior thyroid artery, and on each side, it hooks around a major vessel (aortic arch on the right, subclavian artery on the left). While it supplies the mucous membrane of the larynx below the vocal cords, it does not supply the upper part of the trachea.

The superior laryngeal nerve, a branch of the vagus nerve, divides into internal and external components. The internal branch is sensory to the laryngeal mucosa below the vocal cords, while the external branch supplies the cricothyroid muscle, a motor function. The external branch is located close to the superior thyroid artery.

The superior laryngeal nerve supplies the mucous membrane of the larynx ABOVE the vocal cords. The internal branch is sensory to the larynx, and the external branch provides motor innervation to the cricothyroid muscle, controlling pitch changes. The external branch is located close to the superior thyroid artery.