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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of a nerve in the context of proprioception?
What is the primary function of a nerve in the context of proprioception?
What is the type of nerve injury characterized by a transient interruption in neural conduction?
What is the type of nerve injury characterized by a transient interruption in neural conduction?
What is the rate of axonal growth per day in axonotmesis?
What is the rate of axonal growth per day in axonotmesis?
Which of the following is NOT a cause of nerve injury?
Which of the following is NOT a cause of nerve injury?
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What is the name of the nerve injury that affects the movement of a child's shoulder, arm, and hand?
What is the name of the nerve injury that affects the movement of a child's shoulder, arm, and hand?
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Which nerves are most commonly involved in Erb's palsy?
Which nerves are most commonly involved in Erb's palsy?
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What is the characteristic physical position of the arm in Erb's palsy?
What is the characteristic physical position of the arm in Erb's palsy?
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What is the main cause of the 'waiter's tip' physical position in Erb's palsy?
What is the main cause of the 'waiter's tip' physical position in Erb's palsy?
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Which of the following is a common treatment for Erb's palsy?
Which of the following is a common treatment for Erb's palsy?
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What is the characteristic sign of a patient with a radial nerve injury?
What is the characteristic sign of a patient with a radial nerve injury?
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Study Notes
Nerve Anatomy and Functions
- Nerves perform several functions: motor, sensation, proprioception, reflexes, and autonomic (sweating, pilomotor, and vasomotor)
Types of Nerve Injury
- Neuropraxia: temporary loss of function, reversible within hours to months, caused by compression, blunt blows, or shock injuries
- Axonotmesis: severe crush or contusion, loss of axon and myelin sheath continuity, equal loss of motor and sensory components, rate of axonal growth varies between 1-3mm per day
- Neurotmesis: severe contusion, stretch, or lacerations, loss of axon, myelin sheath, and encapsulating connective tissue continuity, complete loss of motor, sensory, and autonomic function
Causes of Nerve Injury
- Mechanical: compression, traction, laceration
- Others: metabolic, ischemia, thermal, radiation
Diagnosis of Nerve Injury
- History
- Clinical Examination: weakness, wasting, flaccidity, loss of sensation (pain, temperature, fine touch), loss of sweating
Examples of Nerve Injury in the Upper Limb
- Erb's Palsy: nerve injury affecting the movement of the shoulder, arm, and hand, caused by shoulder dystocia of newborn baby, traction injury of upper trunk of brachial plexus (C5-6)
- Klumpke's Paralysis: form of paralysis involving the muscles of the forearm and hand, resulting from a brachial plexus injury, affecting the eighth cervical (C8) and first thoracic (T1) nerves
- Claw Hand: occurs due to laceration of Ulnar nerve at wrist joint, paralysis of interossei and flexors of the wrist and fingers
- Wrist Drop: sign of Radial nerve injury, usually as a result of dislocation of humerus at the shoulder joint or fractures of humerus
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Description
Test your knowledge on nerve injuries in the upper limb, including anatomy, types, causes, diagnosis, and examples of nerve injuries.
