Nernst Distribution Law

What term describes the phenomenon where a solute distributes itself between two immiscible liquids?

According to the Nernst Distribution Law, under what condition is the ratio of solute concentrations in two phases constant?

Which of the following is the correct expression for the partition coefficient (K) of a solute between two solvents?

In the context of the Nernst Distribution Law, what does a high partition coefficient (KD >> 1) indicate?

For the Nernst Distribution Law to be valid, what condition must be met regarding the solute's molecular form in both solvents?

What is the primary requirement for the solvents used in liquid-liquid extraction, as described by the Nernst Distribution Law?

In a scenario where iodine ($I_2$) is distributed between water and tetrachloromethane, and the $K_D$ is greater than 1, in which solvent is iodine more soluble?

What is the effect of increasing temperature on the partition coefficient ($K_D$) of a solute between two immiscible liquids, assuming all other conditions remain constant?

A solute, X, has a partition coefficient of 4 between ether and water. If 10g of X is dissolved in 100 mL of water, how much X would be extracted by a single extraction with 100 mL of ether?

Which of the following is the most accurate description of solvent extraction?

What piece of laboratory equipment is typically used to perform solvent extraction?

In a separatory funnel, after adding two immiscible solvents, how is the layer with the higher density typically removed?

Why is it more efficient to perform solvent extraction using several portions of extracting solvent rather than one large volume?

After performing solvent extraction, what is the next typical step to recover the solute from the extracting solvent?

A solution contains 5g of compound A in 50 mL of water. If the partition coefficient ($K_D$) of compound A between ether and water is 2, how much of compound A will remain in the water after extraction with 50 mL of ether?

What is the fundamental assumption underlying the application of the Nernst Distribution Law to solvent extraction processes?

Calculate the partition coefficient ($K_D$) given: [Solute in Solvent A] = 0.02 M, [Solute in Solvent B] = 0.08 M, where Solvent B is in the numerator.

A chemist performs an extraction and finds that the $K_D$ for compound Y is 0.1 between water and dichloromethane. What does that indicate?

Consider a scenario where a weak acid (HA) is being partitioned between water and ether. If the acid dissociates to a significant extent in water but not in ether, how would this affect the observed partition coefficient?

In a liquid-liquid extraction, if an emulsion forms between the two phases, what is the best course of action to resolve it?

In solvent extraction, which factor does NOT affect the efficiency of solute transfer?

Which statement is FALSE regarding the conditions for the Nernst Distribution Law?

A researcher finds that a solute dimerizes in the organic phase but remains monomeric in the aqueous phase. How does this affect the applicability of the Nernst Distribution Law?

If you perform three consecutive extractions, each with 25 mL of solvent, versus one extraction with 75 mL of solvent, and the $K_D$ is favorable, which method typically yields more solute extracted from the original solution?

In the context of solvent extraction, what does 'washing' a solution refer to?

In a scenario where a distribution coefficient (KD) is less than 1, how can the extraction efficiency be improved without changing the solvents or temperature?

Considering the partition coefficient (KD), if a substance has a KD of 0.01 between water and chloroform, which method would effectively increase its extraction into chloroform?

A compound partitions between water and ethyl acetate with a distribution coefficient ($K_D$) of 5. Starting with 100 ml of an aqueous solution containing 1 gram of the compound, how many extractions with 100 ml ethyl acetate are required to remove at least 99% of the compound from the aqueous phase?

What is the primary purpose of adding sodium chloride (NaCl) to the aqueous phase during a liquid-liquid extraction?

A successful solvent extraction procedure relies on the formation of two distinct layers. What characteristic must be observed to ensure the formation of these layers?

A researcher is trying to extract a polar compound from a nonpolar solvent into water, but the partition coefficient is very low. Which modification to the extraction procedure would likely improve the yield of the polar compound in the water layer?

In a liquid-liquid extraction using a separatory funnel, after shaking the funnel, it's important to vent it. Why?

Which strategy would be LEAST effective in improving the separation of two compounds with very similar distribution coefficients between two immiscible solvents?

A chemist is attempting to extract a carboxylic acid from an organic solvent into water. Knowing that the carboxylic acid is more soluble in its ionized form, what adjustment to the aqueous phase would likely improve the extraction efficiency?

Which method is used to determine the concentration of a substance in each phase with high accuracy during or after solvent extraction?

How does the presence of impurities that strongly interact with the solute affect the determination of a partition coefficient?

When performing a liquid-liquid extraction, you notice that the two layers do not separate cleanly and a persistent emulsion forms. You have tried adding salt and gently swirling the mixture, but the emulsion persists. What is a less common, but potentially effective, method to resolve the emulsion?

In a scenario where you are trying to extract a metal cation from an aqueous solution into an organic solvent, what type of ligand would be most effective in facilitating this extraction?