Nephrotic Syndrome in Children Quiz

<p>Involves only parts of affected glomeruli (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>20%-30% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduced glomerular filtration rate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is preserved in most cases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Corticosteroids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Excretion of waste products and regulation of body water (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nephrotic syndrome and nephritic syndrome (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endothelial cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hematuria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Abnormalities in the podocyte structure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proteinuria with less severity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wrap around capillaries and create filtration slits (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nephrotic syndrome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Calcium oxalate stones (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gout disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>50% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>pH &lt; 5.5 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acidic urine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diffused thickening of the GBM (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>80% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Upper respiratory tract infection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hematuria with cola-colored urine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>25%-50% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Activation of complement on the surface of podocytes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pain at the costovertebral angle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Children and young adults (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Usually confined to the cortex (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>40 years (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Abnormally glycosylated IgA1 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acute nephritic syndrome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Calcium oxalate stones (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Catheterization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Host antibodies and bacterial antigens (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Renal failure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The functional and structural unit of the kidney, responsible for filtering waste products from the blood and producing urine.

A network of capillaries surrounded by two layers of epithelium in the kidney, responsible for filtering blood.

Cells that form the visceral layer of the glomerular capsule, responsible for filtering blood.

A syndrome characterized by proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, edema, hyperlipidemia, and lipiduria, indicating a problem with glomerular filtration.

A syndrome characterized by red blood cells in the urine and varying levels of proteinuria, indicating inflammation or damage to the glomeruli.

A condition involving the kidneys that primarily affects the glomeruli, leading to increased permeability to proteins.

A condition in which the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is significantly reduced, leading to waste buildup and fluid retention.

A condition in which the kidneys fail to function properly, leading to the need for dialysis or a kidney transplant.

An increase in blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels, indicating impaired kidney function.

A low volume of urine output, often a sign of decreased kidney function.

Inflammatory lesions of the glomeruli, causing damage to capillary walls and reduced filtration rate.

A condition where the kidney is the primary organ affected, with no systemic involvement.

A condition where the glomeruli are damaged as a consequence of other systemic diseases.

A common cause of nephrotic syndrome, particularly in children, characterized by normal glomerular appearance under a light microscope, but with podocyte foot process effacement under an electron microscope.

A condition characterized by scarring of some glomeruli, involving only a part of each affected glomerulus. It is a common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults.

FSGS that occurs without a known underlying cause.

A kidney disease characterized by subepithelial deposits of immune complexes along the glomerular basement membrane (GBM), causing nephrotic syndrome.

A pattern seen under an electron microscope in MN, where subepithelial deposits are separated from each other by spike-like protrusions of GBM.

The most common form of MN, where the cause is unknown and believed to be due to autoantibodies attacking podocyte antigens.

A form of MN that develops as a result of other conditions such as infections or malignancies.

A type of glomerulonephritis occurring after a strep infection, affecting mainly children, characterized by immune complexes deposited in the GBM.

A protein in the blood that is abnormally glycosylated, playing a central role in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy.

A kidney disease characterized by the deposition of IgA-anti IgA immune complexes in the mesangium.

A common clinical feature of IgA nephropathy, affecting children and young adults.

The formation of stones in the urinary tract, typically in the kidneys.

Most kidney stones form when the concentration of certain substances in the urine becomes too high, causing them to precipitate out.

A condition characterized by increased levels of calcium in the urine, a common factor in the formation of calcium-based kidney stones.

A type of kidney stone that forms in individuals with persistently alkaline urine, often caused by urinary tract infections.

A type of kidney stone that forms in individuals with persistently acidic urine, often linked to gout.

Inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis, usually caused by bacterial infection. It can occur through the lower urinary tract, ascending to the kidneys, or via the bloodstream.

Fluid-filled sacs that grow in the kidneys, common after age 40. Most are harmless, but some can cause symptoms.

An inherited disorder causing multiple cysts in both kidneys, leading to kidney enlargement and eventual loss of function.

Kidney stones, typically formed in the kidneys. More common in men than women.

A type of kidney stone primarily composed of a calcium-containing mineral.

Any blockage in the urinary tract that prevents urine from flowing out of the kidneys normally.

A condition where the kidneys fail to function properly, often leading to the need for dialysis or a kidney transplant.