Nephropathy Patterns and Immune Complexes

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Which type of cells cause glomerular injury and are involved in the progression of some glomerulonephritides?

Neutrophils and monocytes

Resident glomerular cells

Platelets

Macrophages and T lymphocytes (correct)

What is the result of lymphocyte activation on exposure to antigen?

Dissolution of glomerular injury

Glomerular injury (correct)

Lymphocyte depletion

Activation of alternative complement pathway

What is the effect of arachidonic acid metabolites on GFR?

Increase in GFR

Variable effect on GFR

No effect on GFR

Reduction in GFR (correct)

What is the role of macrophages and T lymphocytes in glomerular injury?

Cytokines and growth factors Signup and view all the answers

What is the term previously used to describe peripheral layers membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis?

Dense-deposit disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of complement activation in glomerular injury?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of resident glomerular cells in glomerular injury?

Cytokines, growth factors, chemokines, oxygen free radicals, eicosanoids, and endothelin Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the activation of the alternative pathway in glomerular injury?

C3 glomerulopathies Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of coagulation proteins, such as fibrin, in glomerular disease?

Proliferate parietal epithelial cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the loss of normal slit diaphragms in glomerular injury?

Proteinuria Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is involved in the maintenance of endothelial integrity and regulation of capillary permeability?

VEGF Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic pattern of staining in anti-GBM antibody–induced glomerulonephritis?

Diffuse linear Signup and view all the answers

What is the common feature of multiple types of glomerular injury, including FSGS and diabetic nephropathy?

Loss of podocytes Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of cases of human glomerulonephritis caused by anti-GBM antibody–induced glomerulonephritis?

Less than 5% Signup and view all the answers

Which cytokines are involved in inflammatory cell adhesion and recruitment?

IL-1 and TNF Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of membranous nephropathy?

Numerous discrete subepithelial electron-dense deposits Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of podocyte injury in glomerular diseases?

Proteinuria Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the formation of immune complexes locally by antibodies reacting with intrinsic tissue antigens?

In situ immune complex formation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is involved in the proliferation of mesangial cells?

PDGF Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for diseases with disparate etiologies whose principal manifestation is injury to podocytes?

Podocytopathy Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the deposition of immune complexes in the glomerulus from the circulation?

Circulating immune complex deposition Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of necrotizing and crescentic glomerular damage and clinical syndrome of RPGN?

Anti-GBM antibody–induced glomerulonephritis Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of global glomerulonephritis?

Involvement of the entire glomerulus Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism underlying most forms of primary glomerulopathy and many secondary glomerular disorders?

Immune mechanisms Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary location of the electron-dense deposits in the EM findings of this disease?

On the epithelial side of the membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the red cells in the urine of patients with this disease?

Dysmorphic Signup and view all the answers

What is the usual time frame for the onset of symptoms after a sore throat?

1-2 weeks Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the electron-dense deposits seen in the EM findings of this disease?

Humps Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of patients who recover renal function with conservative therapy?

95% Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical color of the urine in patients with this disease?

Smoky or cola-colored Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of patients who have c-ANCA or p-ANCA in their serum?

90% Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the granular deposits seen in the IFM findings of this disease?

Granules Signup and view all the answers

What is the trigger for crescent formation in glomerulonephritis?

Leakage of peripheral layers of leukocytes, plasma proteins, and inflammatory mediators to the urinary space Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of glomerulonephritis in Goodpasture syndrome?

Recurrent hemoptysis leading to pulmonary hemorrhage Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of heavy proteinuria and increased renal catabolism of filtered albumin?

Hypoalbuminemia Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of edema in nephrotic syndrome?

Decreased intravascular colloid osmotic pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of proteinuria in nephrotic syndrome?

Non-selective loss of both LMW and HMW proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of loss of immunoglobulins in nephrotic syndrome?

Increased risk of infections Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of membranous nephropathy?

Derangement in glomerular capillary walls Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of C5b-C9 in nephrotic syndrome?

Activates epithelial and mesangial cells Signup and view all the answers