Neoplasia: Mechanisms and Routes of Tumor Spread

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Through which route can ductal carcinoma spread to the nipple?

Through the lumen of the duct (correct)

Through the ureter

Through lymph vessels

Through the surgical wound

What is the term for tumors that are not detected until metastasis occurs in the lymph nodes?

Primary tumors

Metastatic tumors

Occult tumors (correct)

Sentinel tumors

What is the importance of evaluating lymph node involvement in tumor diagnosis?

To determine the prognosis of the tumor

To determine the stage of the tumor (correct)

To detect sentinel lymph nodes

To identify the primary tumor site

What happens to lymph node tissue when tumor cells invade?

Tumor cells gradually destroy and replace lymph node tissue (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the sentinel lymph node in tumor diagnosis?

To provide information about the status of other lymph nodes in the group (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the route by which malignant cells can be implanted in the surgical wound during tumor excision?

Surgical implantation route (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between lymphatic permeation and lymphatic embolization?

One forms tumor emboli, while the other forms cords within lymph vessels (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tumor is more commonly associated with lymphatic spread?

Carcinoma (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of tumor cells invading and growing as cords within lymph vessels?

Obstruction and edema of the drained area (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the spread of tumor cells through the lymphatic system?

Lymphatic spread (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of tumor cells detaching to form tumor emboli and being carried to the draining lymph node?

Metastasis to the lymph node (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the spread of tumor cells through the bloodstream?

Hematogenous spread (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic gross appearance of lymph node metastasis?

Multiple, enlarged, and grayish white (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following tumors is most likely to give metastasis to the liver?

Git tumor (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the common site of metastasis for tumors drained by systemic veins?

Lung (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic microscopic appearance of lymph node metastasis?

Tumor cells are present within normal lymphoid tissue (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a rare site of metastasis?

Muscle (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the route of tumor emboli for tumors drained by the portal vein?

Portal vein (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism by which tumor cells degrade collagen and other protein polymers of BM and ECM?

By producing proteolytic enzymes (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the direct spread of tumor cells to the surrounding tissues?

Invasion (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the step that occurs after a tumor cell penetrates lymphatic or vascular capillaries during metastasis?

Formation of tumor emboli (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the extravasation step during metastasis?

Tumor cells migrate to interstitial tissue (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of resecting a zone of surrounding normal tissues during surgical removal of a tumor?

To prevent direct invasion (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the last step of the metastasis process?

Formation of metastatic deposits (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the hallmark of malignant tumors?

Invasion (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step for a cancer cell to invade adjacent tissue?

Detach from each other (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of proteolytic enzymes in tumor invasion?

Degrade basement membrane and ECM (A) Signup and view all the answers