Neoplasia Goldsmith Objectives

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What is the primary difference between benign and malignant tumors?

Benign tumors are composed of differentiated cells, while malignant tumors are composed of undifferentiated cells
Benign tumors are unable to metastasize, while malignant tumors can metastasize
Benign tumors are slow-growing, while malignant tumors are rapidly dividing
All of the above (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cancer cells?

Increased cell-cell adhesion (correct)
Production of degradative enzymes
Loss of contact inhibition
Expression of altered tissue antigens

What is the role of proto-oncogenes in oncogenesis?

They encode growth factors or second messengers that stimulate cell growth (correct)
They inhibit cell growth and differentiation
They facilitate DNA repair
They promote apoptosis

Which of the following is NOT a step in the cancer cell transformation process by chemicals?

Regression (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of tumor suppressor genes (anti-oncogenes)?

Inhibit cell growth and differentiation (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for cancer development?

Regular exercise (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of cancer cachexia?

Protein wasting (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common treatment modality for cancer?

Gene therapy (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of targeted cancer therapy?

To target specific molecular pathways or mutations in cancer cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which mutations in cancer cells can lead to unregulated cell growth and differentiation?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated number of new cancer cases in the United States for the year 2024?

Around 1.9 million new cases of cancer (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of the cell cycle is responsible for DNA synthesis?

S phase (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of cyclins in the cell cycle?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of benign neoplasms?

Ability to metastasize (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between benign and malignant neoplasms in terms of cell differentiation?

Benign neoplasms are well-differentiated, while malignant neoplasms are undifferentiated (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of malignant neoplasms?

Ability to metastasize (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of stem cells in cell differentiation?

To differentiate into various cell types (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of the suffix '-oma' in the context of neoplasms?

It is added to the parenchymal tissue type to denote the tumor name (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between benign and malignant neoplasms in terms of growth rate?

Benign neoplasms have a progressive and slow growth rate, while malignant neoplasms have a variable growth rate (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of benign neoplasms?

Expansion without invasion (B) Signup and view all the answers