Neoplasia: General Features and Classification

Neoplasms and Neoplasia

• Neoplasms are abnormal tissue growths that result from uncontrolled cell proliferation.
• Neoplasia refers to the process of formation of neoplasms, indicating a disruption in normal cellular regulation.

Etiology of Cancer

• Various factors including genetic mutations, environmental exposures, and lifestyle choices contribute to the development of cancer.
• Risk factors encompass chemical agents, radiation, and certain viral infections.

Viral Infections and Cancer

• Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is notably associated with cervical cancer (cancer cervix).

Ionizing Radiation and Cancer

• Ionizing radiation is linked to increased cancer risk due to its ability to damage DNA, leading to mutations and tumorigenesis.

General Features of Neoplasms

• Neoplasms exhibit a variety of characteristics, including the ability to grow uncontrollably, and may lead to tissue destruction.

Genes and Cell Proliferation

• Oncogenes are responsible for the promotion of uncontrolled cell proliferation, often resulting from mutations or overexpression.

Characteristics of Benign Tumors

• Benign tumors typically grow slowly and are usually encapsulated, which prevents them from invading surrounding tissues.

Malignant Tumors and Recurrence

• Malignant tumors have the potential to spread (metastasize) and recur even after being surgically excised.

Mass Characteristics of Malignant Neoplasms

• Malignant neoplasms are often characterized by irregular, non-encapsulated masses that invade adjacent tissues.

Cytology of Malignant Neoplasms

• Malignant neoplasm cells typically display features such as high nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratios, irregular nuclei, and atypical cell morphology under cytological examination.

Morphological Distinctions of Benign Neoplasms

• Benign neoplasms in solid organs or connective tissue often exhibit well-defined borders and a homogenous structure in cut sections.

Microscopic Features of Tumors

• Microscopic examination shows distinct features; malignant tumors often display greater pleomorphism, irregularities in size and shape, and increased mitotic activity compared to benign tumors.

Test your knowledge on neoplasia, the abnormal mass of tissue with uncontrolled growth and competition with normal cells. This quiz covers general features and classification of neoplasia, including its origin, mutation, cellular composition, and naming conventions.