Neoplasia: Understanding Tumor Growth

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Questions and Answers

What does the term 'neoplasia' refer to?

A controlled growth of tissues

An abnormal mass of tissue with uncoordinated growth (correct)

A new creation of normal tissue

A swelling of the normal tissue

What is the etiology of cancer according to the given text?

Only inherited germ line mutations

Viral infections only

Irreversible but lethal change in the genetic material

Irreversible but nonlethal change in the genetic material (correct)

Which suffix is commonly used to name neoplasms?

itis

osis

oma (correct)

emia

Which environmental factor is mentioned to cause DNA mutations leading to cancer?

Alcohol consumption Signup and view all the answers

From which type of infection can H.pylori lead to stomach cancer?

Bacterial infection Signup and view all the answers

Which viral infection is associated with causing cancer cervix?

Human papilloma virus (HPV) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tumor is characterized by rapid growth, infiltration, and the ability to recur?

Malignant Tumor Signup and view all the answers

What do we call the genes that regulate programmed cell death (Apoptosis)?

Tumor Suppressor Genes Signup and view all the answers

What is the mode of growth for malignant tumors?

Expansion and infiltration i.e. destroy normal tissue without invasion Signup and view all the answers

Which gene is responsible for uncontrolled cell proliferation?

The growth promoting proto-oncogene Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of the cells in malignant tumors?

(Cellular anaplasia or cytological criteria of malignancy) Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes benign neoplasms from malignant neoplasms in terms of behavior and prognosis?

(Don't spread and don't recur if excised) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of expansion and infiltration by malignant tumors?

(Infiltration) Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic feature is seen in the cut section of a malignant tumor?

(Vascular, with hemorrhage, necrosis) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tumor usually forms a noncapsulated polyp (papilloma)?

(Epithelial tumor) Signup and view all the answers

Which microscopic feature is characteristic of cells in malignant tumors?

(Cellular anaplasia or cytological criteria of malignancy) Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of bacterial infection?

Invasion of the living tissue by pathogenic microorganisms Signup and view all the answers

Which method of infection involves transmission via skin or mucous membrane?

Via skin or mucous membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of 'Subclinical infection'?

Infection without any symptoms Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of Toxaemia?

Circulation of bacterial toxins in the blood with production of clinical and pathological manifestations Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of toxins in Toxaemia?

Released from necrotic tissue caused by the organisms Signup and view all the answers

What is Bacteraemia defined as?

Circulation of relatively small number of bacteria in the blood Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the circulation and multiplication of a large number of virulent microorganisms with their toxins in the blood without localization and with severe constitutional manifestations?

Septicaemia Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of pyaemia?

Circulation of septic emboli with their localization in the organs Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary site affected by primary tuberculosis?

Lung Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tuberculosis bacilli mainly affects adults and can result from reactivation of dormant focus or exogenous infection?

Secondary type Signup and view all the answers

What is the fate of secondary tuberculosis if it extends and spreads through natural passages, blood, or lymphatic system?

Bad fate Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is considered a predisposing factor for primary pulmonary tuberculosis?

Silicosis Signup and view all the answers

What are the three parts that make up the primary pulmonary complex?

Ghon's focus, tuberculous lymphangitis, tuberculous lymphadenitis Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the reactivation of a dormant focus or exogenous infection leading to apical or subapical site involvement in secondary pulmonary tuberculosis?

Ghon's focus Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of a tubercle's microscopic examination?

Central yellow caseation and grey periphery. Signup and view all the answers

What type of bacilli primarily causes tuberculosis in humans?

"Human type" Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Neoplasia and Cancer Etiology

Neoplasia refers to the process of abnormal and uncontrolled cell growth, leading to the formation of neoplasms or tumors.
Cancer etiology includes several factors such as genetic predisposition, environmental influences, and infections that contribute to the development of cancer.

Neoplasm Classification

The suffix commonly used to name neoplasms is "-oma."
Malignant tumors are characterized by rapid growth, infiltration into surrounding tissues, and a tendency to recur.

Infection and Cancer

H. pylori infection has been linked to stomach cancer.
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with cervical cancer.

Tumor Characteristics

Genes that regulate programmed cell death are known as apoptosis-regulatory genes.
Malignant tumors exhibit uncontrolled growth patterns, with the presence of abnormal cells that show features like pleomorphism and high mitotic rates.

Benign vs. Malignant Neoplasms

Benign neoplasms are typically well-circumscribed, localized, and have a favorable prognosis, while malignant neoplasms are invasive and associated with poor outcomes.
The process of expansion and infiltration by malignant tumors is referred to as invasion.

Microscopic and Clinical Features

The cut section of a malignant tumor may display features such as necrosis and irregular borders.
Benign tumors often present as noncapsulated polyps, known as papillomas.
Microscopic examination of malignant tumor cells reveals an abnormal morphology, including irregular nuclei and varied cell sizes.

Infectious Processes

Bacterial infection is defined as the presence and multiplication of bacteria in the body, often causing disease.
Direct transmission through skin or mucous membranes characterizes certain methods of infection.
'Subclinical infection' results in no apparent symptoms despite the presence of the pathogen.

Toxaemia and Bacteraemia

Toxaemia denotes the presence of toxins in the blood, stemming from bacterial infections or metabolic processes.
Bacteraemia is defined as the presence of bacteria in the bloodstream.
The term for the severe circulation and multiplication of virulent microorganisms along with their toxins in the blood without localization is known as septicemia.

Tuberculosis

The primary site affected by primary tuberculosis is typically the lungs.
Adult tuberculosis generally results from reactivation of dormant foci or exogenous infections by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Secondary tuberculosis can spread through natural passages, the bloodstream, or lymphatic system leading to wider infection.
Predisposing factors for primary pulmonary tuberculosis include immunosuppression or malnutrition.

Primary Pulmonary Complex

The primary pulmonary complex comprises the initial area of infection, regional lymph nodes, and the inflammatory response.
The term for the reactivation leading to apical or subapical involvement in secondary pulmonary tuberculosis is known as reactivation tuberculosis.
Tuberculous granulomas, or tubercles, exhibit caseation necrosis microscopically.

Causative Agent of Tuberculosis

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the primary bacillus responsible for causing tuberculosis in humans.

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Description

Learn about neoplasia, which refers to the abnormal growth of tissue that exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal tissue. This quiz covers the general features, origins, and classification of neoplasia.