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Questions and Answers
What type of delivery method was used for the child in the case study?
What type of delivery method was used for the child in the case study?
What was the child's Apgar score at 10 minutes after birth?
What was the child's Apgar score at 10 minutes after birth?
What is the primary focus of the case study?
What is the primary focus of the case study?
Which of the following is NOT a therapeutic intervention mentioned in the case study?
Which of the following is NOT a therapeutic intervention mentioned in the case study?
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What is the age of the child in the case study at the time of the report?
What is the age of the child in the case study at the time of the report?
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What condition did the child present with?
What condition did the child present with?
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Which of the following is NOT a typical compensation seen in children with NBPP?
Which of the following is NOT a typical compensation seen in children with NBPP?
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What is the primary goal of the rehabilitation process in the case study?
What is the primary goal of the rehabilitation process in the case study?
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What was the frequency of physical therapy sessions for the patients?
What was the frequency of physical therapy sessions for the patients?
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How long did the intensive therapeutic intervention program last?
How long did the intensive therapeutic intervention program last?
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Which therapy was provided two days a week?
Which therapy was provided two days a week?
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What is the likely diagnosis for the patients who underwent these therapeutic interventions?
What is the likely diagnosis for the patients who underwent these therapeutic interventions?
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Which of the following therapeutic interventions were NOT mentioned in the text?
Which of the following therapeutic interventions were NOT mentioned in the text?
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What is a possible reason for the extended duration of the therapy program?
What is a possible reason for the extended duration of the therapy program?
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What is the likely age range of the patients who underwent these interventions?
What is the likely age range of the patients who underwent these interventions?
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What aspect of the treatment plan is characterized as 'intensive'?
What aspect of the treatment plan is characterized as 'intensive'?
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The mention of “therapeutic interventions for recovery” suggests that the objective of the treatment was to?
The mention of “therapeutic interventions for recovery” suggests that the objective of the treatment was to?
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What is a potential benefit of including both physical and occupational therapy in this intervention program?
What is a potential benefit of including both physical and occupational therapy in this intervention program?
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What is the frequency of the occupational therapy sessions in the described intervention?
What is the frequency of the occupational therapy sessions in the described intervention?
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What is the maximum duration of each session?
What is the maximum duration of each session?
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What was the intervention approach like?
What was the intervention approach like?
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What does the phrase 'taken into account' likely refer to?
What does the phrase 'taken into account' likely refer to?
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What was the primary goal of the intervention?
What was the primary goal of the intervention?
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What type of intervention is described in the passage?
What type of intervention is described in the passage?
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How many months did the intervention last?
How many months did the intervention last?
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The intervention was likely designed to improve which aspect of the child's functioning?
The intervention was likely designed to improve which aspect of the child's functioning?
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What is a plausible reason for the intensive nature of the intervention?
What is a plausible reason for the intensive nature of the intervention?
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What is a potential limitation of this case study?
What is a potential limitation of this case study?
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Study Notes
Neonatal Brachial Plexus Palsy (NBPP)
- NBPP is a partial or total peripheral nerve injury, occurring during birth.
- The injury occurs due to stretching, rupture, or avulsion of nerve fibres.
- Classified by affected nerve(s): upper trunk (C5-C6), middle trunk (C7), lower trunk (C8-T1), and complete injury (C5-T1).
- Classified by severity, as avulsion, neurotmesis, axonotmesis, stretching, etc.
Case Report Summary
- A 5-year-old girl with right-arm NBPP, with C5, C6, and C7 nerve injuries.
- Symptoms at birth and diagnosis: absence of right arm movement, but finger movement, internal rotation, elbow extension, active wrist and finger flexion, ulnar hand deviation.
- Conservative rehabilitation plan: passive and active mobilization, kinesio tape, splints, bimanual stimulation.
- Rehabilitation benefited the child to function the limb for daily activities, with integrated bimanual motor skills and coordination; active and passive range of motion (except for pronation and sensibility).
- Early intervention, parental involvement, and continuous follow-up were vital for a positive prognosis and functional limb maintenance.
NBPP Treatment
- Conservative treatment: intensive physiotherapy, occupational therapy.
- Non-conservative/surgical treatment: primary and secondary surgery, botulinum toxin injection.
- Initial physical assessments: arm asymmetry observation, pregnancy/delivery history, physical examination.
- Essential follow-up in multidisciplinary clinics, with therapists and neurologists.
Diagnostic Assessment
- Primarily physical observation of the child is conducted to diagnose, assess progression of motor and sensory function.
- Supplementary diagnostic tests: electromyography (EMG), MRI, neurodevelopmental, musculoskeletal, and individualised muscle strengthening techniques.
Therapeutic Interventions
- Focus on neurodevelopmental techniques, musculoskeletal restoration, and individual muscle strengthening strategies.
- Passive mobilization and active mobilization – these are important in the first three months of life.
- Activities focused on increasing the functionality of the joint.
- Use of tactile and proprioceptive stimulation (with various materials).
- Use of splints, kinesio tape, and constraint-induced movement therapy for targeted muscle strengthening.
- Interventions tailored to the child's development.
Follow-Up and Outcomes
- Successful conservative treatment resulted in functional recovery and limb integration for daily activities.
- The child demonstrated functional limb, with some limitations in pronation and sensibility.
- Parental involvement and continuous follow-up are crucial for positive outcomes.
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Description
This quiz covers the key aspects of Neonatal Brachial Plexus Palsy (NBPP), including its causes, classifications, and a detailed case report of a 5-year-old girl with specific nerve injuries. Test your knowledge on the diagnosis, symptoms, and rehabilitation strategies for NBPP.
