Neoliberalism: Variations and Perspectives

A contemporary version of laissez-faire economic principles, aiming to re-establish capitalist accumulation and empower economic elites.

Neoliberal policies and programs differ significantly between Global North and Global South countries.

Neoliberal policies focused on privatization, de-industrialization, welfare state rollback, and their consequences, often critiqued from the literature of the Global North.

Neoliberalism origin from economic programs in the Global South (eg, Chile), significantly different from Global North policies.

Neoliberalism can be understood as a set of ideas from economists (Harvey, Stiglitz, Klein) and theories that incorporate the concept of governmentality.

Neoliberal ideas emerged post-World War II, challenging Keynesian principles, and later shaping policies in the UK and US.

Principles of economic thought that focus on government intervention.

Economic programs implemented in several nations of the Global South in the mid-70s that influenced subsequent neoliberal thinking.

Seen as a stage in the capitalist system's growth, using financialization to offset crises.

Presented as a superior development strategy, focusing on integration with global trade and ICT adoption, with a middle class expansion goal.

Conversion of agricultural land to large-scale industrial farms, integrated with global corporations.

May not be eliminated, but rather redirected, potentially ending land reforms and peasant support.

May not be attacked, but welfare initiatives can target individuals and bring them into the economy.

Initially avoiding discussion, then framing as development programs, and later integrating social welfare alongside neoliberal policies.

An economic strategy aimed at reducing imports by developing local industries of producing products that were reliant on imports

Economic systems where the government plays a dominant role in planning and controlling economic activity.