Neoclassic and Modern Art Movements

Tagbanwa (Palawan)

• Believed to be taken over by goddesses themselves through chanting and dancing

Ethnic Musical Instruments

• Kudyapi: a three-stringed guitar
• Kulintang: an array of bossed gongs
• Agong: a flat gong
• Gansa: a large bossed gong

Native Dance Forms

• Inamong (Matigsalugs and Kadaliwas): represents comedic movements of a monkey
• Tinikling (Tagalog): evocative of a crane's movements, balancing on stilt-like legs or escaping bamboo traps
• Man-manok (Bagobos): imitation of predatory birds
• Talip (Ifugaos): courtship dance mimicking wild fowl movements
• Banog-banog (Higaonon): courtship dance portraying the flight of birds

Carvings

• Hagabi: a wooden bench marking the socio-economic status of the owner
• Sarimanok: a stylized design of a bird holding a fish in its beak and/or standing on a fish-shaped base
• Bul'ul: the Rice god
• Naga: an elaborate mythical serpent or dragon with an S-curve and urvilinear motifs
• Okir: Pako Rabong, a stylized growing fern with a broad base tapering upwards

Burnay and Torogan

• Burnay: Panolong, a decorative feature of the large sultans' house, including the extended floor beam and interior beams and posts
• Torogan: the large sultans' house

Woven Textiles

• Tepo mat (Tawi-tawi): a colorful double-layered mat made of pandan leaves
• Pis syabit: a headpiece woven by the Tausug of Sulu
• Bubo (Ilocos region): fish traps made of sturdy bamboo strips
• Ovaloid baskets: made of nito and bamboo, used as a head sling to carry harvest

Tattoos

• Visayas "Islas de los Pintados": shared by Southeast Asia and New Zealand, with other ethnolinguistic groups practicing tattooing, including Kalinga, Kankanay, Ibaloy, and Ifugao

Literature

• Baybayin (Mangyans of Mindoro): a pre-Spanish Philippine writing system (16th-late 19th century)

Islam in the Philippines

• 13th Century: Sayyid Abubakar of Arabia married Princess Piramisuli, daughter of Rajah Baguinda
• Notion of tawhid: the oneness of God, in the sense that He is one and there is no god but Him
• Abstract forms of patterns: mental concentration against the material world

Art Movements

• Neoclassic Art: depicts reality as closely as possible and idealizes it, often beautiful and pastoral
• Social Realist of the 70s: considered heirs of Neo-realist, emphasizing social realism
• Modern Art: rejects idealizing reality, using abstract forms and changing colors to create flat, non-illusionistic images
• Contemporary Art (1970-Present): characterized by site-specific, process-based, and collaborative/interactive works, influenced by Social Realism

Pre-Conquest Art

• In art historical terms: Indigenous
• In stylish terms: Pre-colonial
• In cultural terms: Art before colonization (pre-colonial)

Earliest Forms of Theater/Rituals

• Mayvanuvanua (Batanes): a ritual opening the fishing season of dibang (flying fish)
• Canao/kanyaw (Cordillera Administrative Region): an animal sacrifice ritual performed by a shaman or mumbaki for healing, childbirth, wedding, and burial ceremonies
• Kashawing (Lake Lanao of Mindanao): a ritual to ensure abundance during rice planting and harvesting