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Questions and Answers
What are nematodes commonly called?
What are nematodes commonly called?
Thread worms or round worms
Which of the following characteristics is NOT true of nematodes?
Which of the following characteristics is NOT true of nematodes?
How does respiration occur in nematodes?
How does respiration occur in nematodes?
Through general body surface
Nematodes are exclusively parasitic.
Nematodes are exclusively parasitic.
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic feature of Ascaris lumbricoides?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic feature of Ascaris lumbricoides?
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Which of the following is a characteristic feature of echinoderms?
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of echinoderms?
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What is the most common feature of echinoderms?
What is the most common feature of echinoderms?
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Echinoderms have a well-developed brain.
Echinoderms have a well-developed brain.
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What is the purpose of tube feet in echinoderms?
What is the purpose of tube feet in echinoderms?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic feature of annelids?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic feature of annelids?
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What is the primary function of setae in annelids?
What is the primary function of setae in annelids?
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Which of the following is NOT true about earthworms?
Which of the following is NOT true about earthworms?
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All annelids have a closed circulatory system.
All annelids have a closed circulatory system.
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What is the function of the clitellum in earthworms?
What is the function of the clitellum in earthworms?
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Which of the following is NOT a class of Phylum Arthropoda?
Which of the following is NOT a class of Phylum Arthropoda?
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All arthropods possess a cephalic region.
All arthropods possess a cephalic region.
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Which of the following is a characteristic feature of insects?
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of insects?
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What is the purpose of tracheae in insects?
What is the purpose of tracheae in insects?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic feature of myriapods?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic feature of myriapods?
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Arachnids typically have a body divided into a head, thorax, and abdomen.
Arachnids typically have a body divided into a head, thorax, and abdomen.
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What is the primary mode of respiration in arachnids?
What is the primary mode of respiration in arachnids?
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Study Notes
Nematodes
- Roundworms, threadworms
- Unsegmented, triploblastic, pseudocoelomic
- Body wall with cuticle and epidermis
- Mostly parasitic, some free-living
- Cylindrical, elongated, tapering at both ends
- Bilaterally symmetrical
- Organ system level of organization
- Body cavity not lined by mesoderm
- Complete digestive system, mouth and anus
- Respiration through body surface
- Excretory system with intracellular canals or lateral ducts
- Nervous system of circum-pharyngeal nerve ring and longitudinal nerve cords
- Sense organs like papillae, amphids, and phasmids
- Separate sexes, sexual dimorphism
- Internal fertilization, direct or indirect development
- Larval forms: rhabditiform, filariform, and microfilaria
- Various lateral lines and pores on body surface
Aschelminthes
- Superphylum encompassing various phyla (Rotifera, Gastrotricha, Kinorhynca, Nematomorph, Nematoda)
- Nematoda is a large group
General Characteristics
- Mostly parasitic
- Cylindrical and elongated
- Triploblastic
- Bilaterally symmetrical
- Organ system level
- Body unsegmented
- Body cavity filled with muscle tissue
- Pseudocoelomate
Phylum Echinodermata
- Mostly marine animals
- Radial symmetry in adults
- Example: Starfish, Sea urchins, Sea cucumbers, Brittle stars, Sea lilies
- Multicellular organisms with well-developed organ systems, aquatic
- Water vascular system for exchange of gases, nutrients, and wastes
- Star-like appearance, sometimes spherical or elongated
- Spiny-skinned, predominantly marine
- Organ system level of organization
Phylum Chordata
- Animals with a notochord
- Bilateral symmetry, triploblastic
- Segmented body design
- Well-developed organ systems
- Example: Tunicates (sea squirts), lancelets, vertebrates
Classification of Subphylum Vertebrata
- Vertebrates with cranium encasing the brain
- Notochord replaced by vertebral column in adults
- Multi-layered epidermis
- Three types of muscles (striped, unstriped, cardiac)
- Well-developed coelom, complete digestive system, respiratory and excretory systems
Arthropoda
- Jointed appendages, segmented bodies
- Mostly terrestrial, some aquatic
- Exoskeleton made of chitin
- Three body regions: head, thorax, and abdomen
- Respiratory systems: tracheae, gills, book lungs
- Excretion by Malpighian tubules or coxal glands
- Includes insects, crustaceans, arachnids, and myriapods
Mollusca
- Soft body, often with a shell
- Bilateral symmetry
- Organ system level of organization
- Examples: Clams, snails, oysters, octopus
- Mantle: glandular skin surrounding the body organs
- Radula: tongue-like organ with rows of teeth
- Various body shapes (e.g., conical, flattened)
- Mostly marine and freshwater, some terrestrial
Annelida
- Segmented body, bilateral symmetry, exhibit organ system level of organization
- Body divided into segments containing repeating body parts and organs
- Hermaphroditic (having both male and female reproductive organs in one organism)
- Exhibit organ system characteristics, examples: earthworms, leeches
- Complete digestive system
- Respiration through body surface or gills
- Excretory organs often in pairs, such as nephridia
Other Phyla (Examples)
- Class Hirudinea (Leeches): Mostly freshwater, some terrestrial or parasitic; body segmented with suckers; hermaphroditic; internal fertilization; no larval stage.
- Class Arachnida (Spiders, scorpions): Mostly terrestrial; two body sections (cephalothorax and abdomen); four pairs of legs; respiration via book lungs; excretion by Malpighian tubules.
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Description
Explore the fascinating world of nematodes and the superphylum Aschelminthes in this quiz. Learn about their unique characteristics, body structure, and reproductive systems, as well as their ecological roles as parasites and free-living organisms. Test your knowledge on these diverse roundworms and their classifications.
