Nematodes Quiz: Test Your Knowledge of Parasites

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Questions and Answers

Match the following parasites with their primary mode of transmission:

Trichinella spiralis = Eating undercooked infected pork or other animals Wuchereria bancrofti = Mosquito bite Capillaria philippinensis = Eating improperly cooked or raw freshwater fish Unspecified = Direct Contact

Match the following parasites with their primary site of infection:

Trichinella spiralis = Small intestines for 1-4 months; larvae encysted in muscle tissue Wuchereria bancrofti = Lymph nodes, lymphatic ducts Capillaria philippinensis = Small intestines Unspecified = Bloodstream

Match the following parasites with their diagnostic methods:

Trichinella spiralis = Serology and muscle biopsy (larvae) Wuchereria bancrofti = Blood smear for microfilariae Capillaria philippinensis = Eggs detection in stool specimen Unspecified = X-Ray Imaging

Match the following parasites with their treatments:

Trichinella spiralis = Albendazole + steroids (for severe symptoms) Wuchereria bancrofti = Diethylcarbamazine Capillaria philippinensis = Albendazole Unspecified = Antiviral medications Signup and view all the answers

Match the following parasites with their symptoms:

Trichinella spiralis = Trichinellosis/ Trichinosis Wuchereria bancrofti = Filariasis/ Elephantiasis (enlarged extremities with loss of skin elasticity); hydrocele (accumulation of fluid in the scrotum) Capillaria philippinensis = Intestinal obstruction, severe diarrhea, and weight loss Unspecified = Malaria-like symptoms Signup and view all the answers

Match the following parasites with their egg morphology:

Capillaria philippinensis = Eggs: 35-45um long; 20-25um wide; may contain developing embryo Trichinella spiralis = Larvae: 125um long x 7um wide; many encysted forms are found in striated muscle tissue Wuchereria bancrofti = Microfilariae characteristics: 250-300um in length; no nuclei in the tail; sheath is present Unspecified = Ova characteristics not specified Signup and view all the answers

Match the intestinal nematode parasites with their mode of transmission:

Enterobius vermicularis = Ingestion of eggs from fecally contaminated soil or food Trichuris trichiura = Ingestion of eggs, self-contamination or auto-infection Ascaris lumbricoides = Larvae in soil penetrate skin Ancylostoma duodenale = Ingestion of eggs from contaminated water Signup and view all the answers

Match the intestinal nematode parasites with their primary site of infection:

Enterobius vermicularis = Small intestines Trichuris trichiura = Cecum, colon Ascaris lumbricoides = Lumen of cecum; colon Ancylostoma duodenale = Lungs Signup and view all the answers

Match the following parasitic infections with their primary mode of transmission:

Hookworm infection = Larvae in soil penetrate skin; autoinfection (rare) Ascariasis = Ingestion of contaminated food and water Strongyloidiasis = Fomites or contaminated food and water Threadworm = Larvae through skin, lungs Signup and view all the answers

Match the intestinal nematode parasites with their egg morphology:

Enterobius vermicularis = Eggs size: 50-60um in length x 25um in width, football shaped with clear plugs at each end Trichuris trichiura = Egg size: 50-60um in width; oval with one side flat, thick shell and double-walled Ascaris lumbricoides = No distinct egg morphology mentioned Ancylostoma duodenale = Eggs size: 40-60um in length x 20-30um in width, cylindrical shaped with thick shell Signup and view all the answers

Match the following parasites with their primary site of infestation:

Ancylostoma = Small intestines Necator Americanus = Lungs and small intestines Ascaris = Small intestines Strongyloides = Small intestines and lungs Signup and view all the answers

Match the intestinal nematode parasites with their disease manifestations:

Enterobius vermicularis = Ulcerative colitis; chronic dysentery (bloody, mucoid diarrhea), severe anemia, growth retardation Trichuris trichiura = Pruritus ani; intestinal irritation, mild nausea; deprived of sleep and irritable due to itchiness Ascaris lumbricoides = No distinct disease manifestations mentioned Ancylostoma duodenale = Intestinal obstruction, diarrhea, vomiting Signup and view all the answers

Match the intestinal nematode parasites with their treatment:

Enterobius vermicularis = Mebendazole; Albendazole Trichuris trichiura = Pyrantel pamoate Ascaris lumbricoides = Mebendazole Ancylostoma duodenale = Pyrantel pamoate; Mebendazole Signup and view all the answers

Match the following parasitic infections with their characteristic manifestations:

Hookworm infection = Steatorrhea (fats in stool); other symptoms similar to ascariasis Ascariasis = Abdominal pain; vomiting, fever; asthma; pneumonia; eosinophilia Strongyloidiasis = Pruritic papules or vesicle called “ground itch”; pneumonia with eosinophilia Threadworm = Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, iron deficiency anemia Signup and view all the answers

Match the following parasites with their egg morphology:

Ancylostoma = Oval; 56-75um long x 3640um wide; thin-shelled eggs Necator Americanus = Infertile ova measure up to 90um in length; fertile eggs are round measuring 75um in length and 50um in width Ascaris = Eggs are oval; 56-75um long x 3640um wide; thin-shelled eggs Strongyloides = Egg: oval; 56-75um long x 3640um wide; thin-shelled eggs and sometimes contains developing embryo Signup and view all the answers

Match the intestinal nematode parasites with their adult worm morphology:

Enterobius vermicularis = Adult: 35-50mm long for female; 30-45mm long for male, rarely found in stool Trichuris trichiura = No distinct adult worm morphology mentioned Ascaris lumbricoides = No distinct adult worm morphology mentioned Ancylostoma duodenale = Adult: 10-15mm long for female; 8-12mm long for male, rarely found in stool Signup and view all the answers

Match the following parasites with their diagnostic methods:

Ancylostoma = Eggs detection in stool sample; larvae examination in sputum specimen Necator Americanus = Eggs detection in stool sample; larvae examination in sputum specimen Ascaris = Stool exam; sputum exam or bronchial lavage for rhabditiform larvae Strongyloides = Eggs detection in stool sample; larvae examination in sputum specimen Signup and view all the answers

Match the following parasitic infections with their treatment options:

Hookworm infection = Mebendazole Ascariasis = Albendazole; Mebendazole Strongyloidiasis = Albendazole; Mebendazole Threadworm = Mebendazole; Albendazole Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Nematodes

Capillaria philippinensis (Pudoc Worm)
- Parasite found in small intestines
- Mode of transmission: eating improperly cooked or raw freshwater fish; autoinfection
- Diagnosis: eggs detection in stool specimen; larvae can sometimes be demonstrated in stool
- Egg morphology: 35-45um long; 20-25um wide; may contain developing embryo
- Adult worm morphology: male - 2-3.5mm long; female - 2.5-4.5mm long

Blood and Tissue Nematodes

Trichinella spiralis (Muscle worm)
- Parasite found in small intestines for 1-4 months; larvae encysted in muscle tissue
- Mode of transmission: eating undercooked infected pork or other animals
- Diagnosis: serology and muscle biopsy (larvae)
- Larvae morphology: 125um long x 7um wide; many encysted forms are found in striated muscle tissue
- Disease: Trichinellosis/Trichinosis
- Treatment: Albendazole + steroids (for severe symptoms)
Wuchereria bancrofti (Bancroft’s Filarial worm)
- Parasite found in lymph nodes, lymphatic ducts
- Mode of transmission: mosquito bite
- Diagnosis: blood smear for microfilariae
- Adult worm morphology: up to 1mm long and reside in intestinal tract
- Microfilariae characteristics: 250-300um in length; no nuclei in the tail; sheath is present
- Disease: Filariasis/Elephantiasis
- Treatment: Diethylcarbamazine

Intestinal Nematodes

Enterobius vermicularis (Pinworm/Seatworm)
- Parasite found in lumen of cecum; colon
- Mode of transmission: ingestion of eggs, self-contamination or auto-infection
- Diagnosis: scotch tape test (perianal); microscopic egg examination from stool
- Egg morphology: 50-60um in width; oval with one side flat, thick shell and double-walled; ovum contains developing embryo
- Disease: Enterobiasis
- Treatment: Pyrantel pamoate; Mebendazole
Trichuris trichiura (Whipworm)
- Parasite found in cecum, colon
- Mode of transmission: ingestion of eggs from fecally contaminated soil or food
- Diagnosis: stool exam for eggs microscopically
- Egg morphology: 50-60um in length x 25um in width, football shaped with clear plugs at each end; smooth and yellow to brown shell; eggs contain developing embryo
- Disease: Trichuriasis
- Treatment: Mebendazole; Albendazole
Ascaris lumbricoides (Common Roundworms)
- Parasite found in small intestines
- Mode of transmission: ingestion of eggs from fecally contaminated soil or food
- Diagnosis: eggs detection in stool sample; larvae examination in sputum specimen
- Egg morphology: infertile ova measure up to 90um in length; fertile eggs are round measuring 75um in length and 50um in width; shell is thick and contains developing embryo
- Adult worm morphology: female – 20-30cm long; males- 15-31cm long with a curved posterior end
- Disease: Ascariasis
- Treatment: Albendazole; Mebendazole
Ancylostoma duodenale (Old World Hookworm) & Necator Americanus (New World Hookworm)
- Parasite found in small intestines
- Mode of transmission: larvae in soil penetrate skin; autoinfection (rare)
- Diagnosis: stool exam; sputum exam or bronchial lavage for rhabditiform larvae
- Egg morphology: oval; 56-75um long x 36-40um wide; thin-shelled eggs and sometimes contain developing embryo
- Adult worm morphology: firmly attach to intestinal mucosa (rarely seen); 7-11mm long (Ancylostoma tends to be slightly larger than Necator worms); buccal cavity of Necator contains a pair of cutting plates while Ancylostoma has teeth
- Disease: Hookworm infection
- Treatment: Albendazole; Mebendazole
Strongyloides stercoralis (Threadworm)
- Parasite found in small intestines
- Mode of transmission: larvae in soil penetrate skin; autoinfection (rare)
- Diagnosis: stool exam; sputum exam or bronchial lavage for rhabditiform larvae
- Egg morphology: oval; 56-75um long x 36-40um wide; thin-shelled eggs and sometimes contain developing embryo
- Disease: Strongyloidiasis/Cochin China Diarrhea
- Treatment: Albendazole; Mebendazole