Neisseria Infections: Conjunctivitis and Meningitis
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary concern when using probenecid with antibiotics?

  • Higher levels of antibiotic accumulation, potentially leading to toxicity (correct)
  • Reduced bioavailability of the antibiotic
  • Enhanced antibacterial activity
  • Increased risk of antibiotic resistance

    • What is the most common cause of hyperacute bacterial conjunctivitis in neonates?

  • Staphylococcus aureus
  • Haemophilus influenzae
  • Chlamydia
  • Neisseria gonorrhea (correct)

    • What is the characteristic shape of Moraxella bacteria?

  • Rod shape (correct)
  • Cocci
  • Bacilli
  • Spiral shape

    • What is the first line of therapy for hyperacute bacterial conjunctivitis?

    <p>Ceftriaxone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of a Streptococcus pneumoniae corneal ulcer?

    <p>A gray-yellow, disc-shaped ulcer with hypopyon (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment for recurrent corneal erosions?

    <p>Doxycycline to inhibit metalloproteinases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common bacteriological agent causing acquired dacryocystitis in children?

    <p>Staphylococcus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the DOC for treating toxoplasmosis?

    <p>Pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the risk factor for bacterial endophthalmitis?

    <p>Poor aseptic technique in intraocular surgery (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of Vancomycin in treating bacterial endophthalmitis?

    <p>Inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern when using Vancomycin for prolonged periods of time?

    <p>Nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary indication for using Vancomycin in ocular surface infections?

    <p>Only reserved for severe cases in which less toxic agents have been ineffective (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of Amikacin in treating bacterial endophthalmitis?

    <p>Tolerance to many aminoglycoside-inactivating enzymes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary contraindication for using Vancomycin in patients with bacterial endophthalmitis?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of dexamethasone in reducing ocular inflammation?

    <p>Suppressing the host's immune response (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common vector responsible for the transmission of chlamydial conjunctivitis?

    <p>Flies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what stage of trachoma disease do papillary reactions obscure follicular reactions and follicles mature?

    <p>Stage II (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern in using dexamethasone in the treatment of bacterial keratitis?

    <p>Toxic keratitis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which population group is trachoma disease most commonly found?

    <p>Underprivileged population (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern when using tetracycline in pregnant women?

    <p>Risk of teratogenic effects (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between bacterial keratitis and sterile keratitis?

    <p>Speed of corneal damage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended oral antibiotic for the treatment of Chlamydial infections in children under 12?

    <p>Azithromycin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of Staphylococcus aureus corneal ulcers?

    <p>Coagulase production (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main complication of conjunctival scarring in stage IV of ocular Chlamydial infection?

    <p>Entropion and trichiasis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary indication for using Polytrim in ocular infections?

    <p>MRSA infections (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following fluoroquinolones is less active against gram-positive organisms?

    <p>Ocuflox 0.3% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of Aminoglycosides in ocular infections?

    <p>Binds to 30s subunits leading to altered cell membrane permeability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following Aminoglycosides is ineffective against Pseudomonas infections?

    <p>Neomycin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern when using Gentamycin for prolonged periods of time in ocular infections?

    <p>Corneal toxicity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following fluoroquinolones is used aggressively for 24 hours and then tapered in ocular infections?

    <p>Quixin 0.5% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary indication for using Besivance 0.6% in ocular infections?

    <p>Gram-positive and gram-negative infections (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using Quixin 0.5% in ocular infections?

    <p>Broader spectrum of activity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following fluoroquinolones is used as a first-line therapy for suspected Haemophilus infections in ocular infections?

    <p>Quixin 0.5% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of polymyxin B in treating bacterial infections of the eye?

    <p>Disrupting the bacterial cell membrane (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following antibiotics is most commonly used to treat internal hordeolum?

    <p>Dicloxacillin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary indication for using macrolides such as azithromycin in the treatment of ocular infections?

    <p>Allergic reactions to penicillin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern when using bacitracin ointment to treat external hordeolum?

    <p>Risk of allergic reactions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of cephalexin in treating bacterial infections of the eye?

    <p>Inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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