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Questions and Answers
What is the appearance of caseous necrosis?
What is the appearance of caseous necrosis?
- Yellowish-white, soft, granular resembling dry cheese (correct)
- Red and watery
- White and fibrous with a rubbery texture
- Dark and brittle with sharp edges
Which cell types are typically found surrounding caseous necrotic material?
Which cell types are typically found surrounding caseous necrotic material?
- Epithelioid cells and Langhans giant cells (correct)
- Neutrophils and mast cells
- Basophils and macrophages
- Plasma cells and eosinophils
What characterizes enzymatic fat necrosis and where does it typically occur?
What characterizes enzymatic fat necrosis and where does it typically occur?
- Hardening of adipose tissue in obesity
- Softening of fatty tissues in the liver
- Destruction of muscle tissue in the heart
- Fat destruction around the inflamed pancreas in acute pancreatitis (correct)
Which process leads to the formation of calcium soaps in enzymatic fat necrosis?
Which process leads to the formation of calcium soaps in enzymatic fat necrosis?
What is commonly obscured in tissues affected by fibrinoid necrosis?
What is commonly obscured in tissues affected by fibrinoid necrosis?
What is the primary characteristic of necrosis?
What is the primary characteristic of necrosis?
Which tissue type is least likely to undergo coagulative necrosis?
Which tissue type is least likely to undergo coagulative necrosis?
What causes liquefactive necrosis in brain tissue?
What causes liquefactive necrosis in brain tissue?
Which of the following is true regarding caseous necrosis?
Which of the following is true regarding caseous necrosis?
What is a common gross appearance of tissues undergoing coagulative necrosis?
What is a common gross appearance of tissues undergoing coagulative necrosis?
In which situation would you expect to find liquefactive necrosis?
In which situation would you expect to find liquefactive necrosis?
What is a notable histological feature of liquefactive necrosis?
What is a notable histological feature of liquefactive necrosis?
What is a primary mechanism leading to coagulative necrosis?
What is a primary mechanism leading to coagulative necrosis?
Flashcards
Caseous Necrosis
Caseous Necrosis
A type of cell death that occurs in tuberculosis, where the tissue becomes soft, yellowish-white, and resembles cheese.
Fat Necrosis
Fat Necrosis
An abnormal accumulation of fat deposits in the tissue that can occur due to trauma or inflammation.
Enzymatic Fat Necrosis
Enzymatic Fat Necrosis
A specific type of fat necrosis that occurs in the pancreas due to the release of lipase enzymes during inflammation.
Traumatic Fat Necrosis
Traumatic Fat Necrosis
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Fibrinoid Necrosis
Fibrinoid Necrosis
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What is Necrosis?
What is Necrosis?
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What is Coagulative Necrosis?
What is Coagulative Necrosis?
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What is an Infarct?
What is an Infarct?
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What is Liquefactive Necrosis?
What is Liquefactive Necrosis?
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What is Caseous Necrosis?
What is Caseous Necrosis?
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What is Pus?
What is Pus?
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What is Liquefactive necrosis in the brain?
What is Liquefactive necrosis in the brain?
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What is Suppurative Infection?
What is Suppurative Infection?
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Study Notes
Necrosis
- Morphological changes in living tissue after harmful injury, an accidental and unregulated form of cell death.
- Results from damage to cell membranes and loss of ion homeostasis.
- Necrotic cells leak contents, triggering an inflammatory response.
Patterns of Tissue Necrosis
1. Coagulative Necrosis
Preserved outline of dead tissue for days.
- Infarct: Localized area of necrosis.
- Causes: Ischemia (lack of blood flow) due to vessel obstruction.
- Mechanism: Enzymes denature and coagulate structural proteins.
- Organs affected: Typically most organs, with kidneys, heart, and spleen in frequent occurrences.
- Gross appearance: Dry, pale, yellow, and firm tissue; wedge-shape in organs.
- Microscopic appearance: Indistinct outline of dead tissue; possible karyolysis (nuclear dissolution).
2. Liquefactive Necrosis (Colliquative Necrosis)
- Dead cells liquefy due to released enzymes (often from leukocytes).
- Dead tissue quickly becomes soft and liquid.
- Causes: Ischemia to the central nervous system (CNS), or suppurative infections.
- Mechanism: Hydrolytic enzymes from dead cells (autolysis) and leukocytes (heterolysis).
- Organs affected: Brain (necrotic area soft and filled with pus or liquefied tissue) and abscesses.
- Gross appearance: Localized collection of pus (abscess).
- Microscopic appearance: Liquefied necrotic debris, dead leukocytes, and macrophages (scavenger cells).
3. Caseous Necrosis
- Combined features of coagulative and liquefactive necroses.
- Triggered by hypersensitivity reactions, most commonly related to tuberculosis.
- Organs affected: Lungs and lymph nodes are frequent sites.
- Gross appearance: Yellowish-white, soft, granular tissue resembling clumpy cheese (hence "caseous").
- Microscopic appearance: Granulomas containing caseating (soft) or noncaseating (hard) material; epithelioid cells; Langhans giant cells (horseshoe-shaped nuclei); lymphocytes; fibroblasts; can sometimes calcify.
4. Fat Necrosis
- Focal destruction of adipose tissue.
- Enzymatic fat necrosis: Occurs around inflamed pancreas (e.g., pancreatitis).
- The pancreas releases enzymes (particularly lipase) that destroy fat cells, which then combine with calcium to form calcium soaps, creating chalky white areas.
- Traumatic fat necrosis: Occurs in high-fat tissue areas after trauma.
5. Fibrinoid Necrosis
- Deposition of fibrin-like material in tissue, obscuring underlying cellular details.
- Often associated with immune-mediated conditions (e.g., vasculitis).
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