NCLEX Flashcards on ABO Blood Typing
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Questions and Answers

What is the ABO antigen system?

Different classes of human blood

What part of the blood is classified?

RBC are distinguished

What other blood is compatible with type A?

A & O

What blood type is compatible with type B?

<p>B &amp; O</p> Signup and view all the answers

What blood type is compatible with type O?

<p>Only type O</p> Signup and view all the answers

What blood type is compatible with AB?

<p>A, B, O</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Acetylsalicylic Acid?

<p>Aspirin</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the indication for Acetylsalicylic Acid?

<p>Mild to moderate pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

Does aspirin increase or decrease the effects of Methotrexate?

<p>Increase</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Methotrexate used for?

<p>Chemotherapy agent &amp; Rheumatoid arthritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary symptom of Acid Reflux (GERD)?

<p>Heartburn (pyrosis)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What test confirms GERD?

<p>Barium swallow fluoroscopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

What malfunction allows reflux in GERD?

<p>Lower esophageal sphincter</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the client teaching for GERD?

<p>Low-fat, high protein diet, take antacids, do not lie flat after meals</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the virus that causes AIDS?

<p>Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is HIV transmitted?

<p>Sexual contact, direct contact with infected blood/bodily fluids</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the symptoms of HIV?

<p>Weight loss, diarrhea, night sweats, fever, fatigue</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the presence of HIV confirmed?

<p>Screening is done first to see if HIV antibodies are present.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the screening test for HIV?

<p>ELISA</p> Signup and view all the answers

What confirms the screening test for HIV?

<p>HIV Differentiation assay</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does HIV attack the body?

<p>It attacks the immune system by destroying T-lymphocytes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is so important about T-Lymphocytes?

<p>T cells help the immune system to recognize and fight pathogens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for T-Lymphocytes?

<p>CD4 cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the CD4 count so important?

<p>The lower the CD4 count, the more damage the virus has done to the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal CD4 count?

<p>500-1500</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal CD4 count for an HIV patient?

<p>At or above 500 is considered good health.</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a client's CD4 count is below 200, the client is at risk for what?

<p>Opportunistic infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

List some opportunistic infections.

<p>Oral pharyngeal candidiasis, Kaposi's Sarcoma, Pneumocystis Pneumonia, Cytomegalovirus, Meningitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of HIV medications?

<p>To interfere with the virus replicating</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important medication to know for HIV?

<p>Zidovudine</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which isolation precautions are used with HIV?

<p>Standard or Universal precautions</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do the precautions change with AIDS?

<p>Implement private room, reverse isolation, RN wears gloves, gown, goggles, mask</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are teaching points for parents who have a child with HIV?

<p>Clean up body fluid/blood with 10:1 water to bleach ratio, Get all immunizations except live, Feed high calorie &amp; protein diet</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of Acute Renal Failure?

<p>Sudden loss of kidney function to excrete toxins &amp; regulate fluids &amp; electrolytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some possible causes of Acute Renal Failure?

<p>Infection, obstruction, shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the 3 phases of ARF?

<p>Oliguric, Diuretic, Recovery</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

ABO Antigen System

  • The ABO antigen system classifies human blood into different types based on antigens present on red blood cells (RBCs).

Blood Type Compatibility

  • Type A is compatible with A and O.
  • Type B is compatible with B and O.
  • Type O is only compatible with type O.
  • Type AB is compatible with A, B, and O.

Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin)

  • Commonly known as Aspirin.
  • Indicated for mild to moderate pain.
  • Increases the effects of Methotrexate.

Methotrexate

  • Used as a chemotherapy agent and for treating rheumatoid arthritis.

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

  • Primary symptom is heartburn (pyrosis).
  • Confirmed through a barium swallow fluoroscopy.
  • Caused by malfunction of the lower esophageal sphincter.
  • Client teaching includes a low-fat, high-protein diet, taking antacids, and avoiding lying flat after meals.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

  • Responsible for causing AIDS.
  • Transmitted via sexual contact and direct exposure to infected blood/bodily fluids, including semen and breast milk.
  • Symptoms include weight loss, diarrhea, night sweats, fever, and fatigue.

HIV Testing

  • Screening for HIV begins with ELISA to check for antibodies.
  • Confirmed through the HIV Differentiation assay; Western Blot is no longer in use.

Impact of HIV on the Immune System

  • HIV attacks the immune system by destroying T-lymphocytes (CD4 cells).
  • T-lymphocytes are crucial for recognizing and fighting pathogens.
  • Normal CD4 count ranges from 500 to 1500; levels below 200 indicate progression to AIDS and increased risk of opportunistic infections.

Opportunistic Infections

  • Include oral pharyngeal candidiasis, Kaposi's Sarcoma, Pneumocystis pneumonia, Cytomegalovirus, and meningitis.

HIV Medications

  • Aim to interfere with the virus's replication.
  • Zidovudine is a key medication.

Isolation Precautions

  • Standard or Universal precautions are used for HIV. Treat all patients as potentially infected.
  • In cases of AIDS with low CD4 count, implement private/reverse isolation and use gloves, gowns, goggles, and masks during contact with bodily fluids.

HIV Teaching for Parents

  • Clean body fluids/blood using a 10:1 water to bleach ratio.
  • Administer all immunizations except live ones (such as oral polio, varicella, MMR).
  • Encourage a high-calorie, high-protein diet.
  • Use gloves when changing diapers.

Acute Renal Failure (ARF)

  • Defined as the sudden loss of kidney function, affecting toxin excretion and fluid/electrolyte regulation.
  • Possible causes include infection, obstruction, and shock.
  • The three phases of ARF are oliguric, diuretic, and recovery.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the ABO antigen system and blood compatibility with these quick flashcards. Covering essential facts for the NCLEX, this quiz is perfect for nursing students preparing for their exams. Gain confidence in understanding blood types and their interactions.

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