NCLEX Chapter 1 Pain Practice Exercises
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of Chapter 1?

Pain

As a charge nurse, what is your initial action for a client with chronic pain whose medication requests have not been met?

  • Check the medication administration records (MARs) for the past several days.
  • Perform a complete pain assessment on the client and take a pain history.
  • Have a conference with the nurses responsible for the care of this client. (correct)
  • Ask the nurse educator to provide in-service training about pain management.

Which question should you ask a client encouraged by family to 'tough out the pain'?

  • What information do you need about pain, healing, and addiction?
  • What do you believe about pain medication and drug addiction? (correct)
  • How is the pain affecting your activity level and your ability to function?
  • How would you describe the pain, and how is it affecting you?
  • Where is the pain located, and does it radiate to other parts of your body?

Which medication will you advocate for a client with diabetic neuropathy reporting burning pain?

<p>Gabapentin (Neurontin) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which client is most likely to receive opioids for extended periods of time?

<p>A client with progressive pancreatic cancer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action should you take first when a newly graduated RN has correctly charted dose and time of medication but not nonpharmaceutical measures?

<p>Give praise for correctly charting the dose and time and discuss the deficits in charting. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Chapter 2?

<p>Cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which task could be delegated to a UAP for a patient with esophageal cancer?

<p>Assisting the patient with oral hygiene (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the priority diagnosis for a patient with scant rectal bleeding and frequent bowel habit changes becoming angry?

<p>Anxiety related to unknown outcomes and perceived threats to body integrity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which patient is at greatest risk for pancreatic cancer?

<p>An elderly African-American man who smokes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which actions are needed for patients placed on bleeding precautions?

<p>Avoid overinflation of blood pressure cuffs. (A), Provide a soft toothbrush or oral sponge. (B), Avoid aspirin or aspirin-containing products. (C), Use paper tape on fragile skin. (D), Pad sharp corners of furniture. (G)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which patient would be most appropriately assigned to an LPN/LVN?

<p>A patient who needs enemas and antibiotics to control GI bacteria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Chapter 3?

<p>Immunologic Problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

After administering an intradermal allergen injection, what is the first action if the patient feels anxious and dizzy?

<p>Give epinephrine (Adrenalin) 0.3 mL intramuscularly. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nursing action will be delegated to health assistants for reducing HIV infection incidence?

<p>Supplying injection drug users with sterile injection equipment such as needles and syringes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which student nursing action regarding an HIV-positive patient indicates the need for immediate intervention?

<p>Giving the patient a glass of water after administering nystatin suspension (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What information is most important to communicate to the physician after administering pentamidine to a patient?

<p>Blood glucose level is 55 mg/dL after medication administration. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What patient information about HAART therapy is most concerning?

<p>The patient states, 'I have never been very consistent about taking medications.' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Chapter 4?

<p>Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Based Balance Problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which action related to fluid management should be delegated to a UAP?

<p>Providing straws and offering fluids between meals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which finding indicates that you need to contact the health care provider about a change in the drug therapy for a client taking enalapril (Vasotec)?

<p>Client coughs often during the visit. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which interventions will be important to include in the discharge plan for a client with cardiovascular risk factors? (Select all that apply)

<p>Teaching about the impact of family history on cardiovascular risk (B), Referral to community programs that assist in smoking cessation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which value is most important to report to the physician before a patient undergoes knee arthroscopy?

<p>White blood cell count of 16,000/mm3 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which action by a new RN administering packed red blood cells (PRBCs) requires immediate intervention?

<p>Priming the transfusion set using 5% dextrose in lactated Ringer's solution (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which action prescribed for a patient with sickle cell anemia in crisis will you implement first?

<p>Administer 100% oxygen using a nonrebreather mask. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which activity can you delegate to an experienced UAP for a patient with anemia caused by possible gastrointestinal bleeding?

<p>Obtaining stool specimens for fecal blood test (Hemoccult) slides (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which patient is best assigned to a float nurse who has come from the postanesthesia care unit (PACU)?

<p>52-year-old patient with chronic gastrointestinal bleeding who has returned to the unit after a colonoscopy. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the priority nursing diagnosis for a client experiencing a migraine headache?

<p>Acute Pain related to biologic and chemical factors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which key items should you include in the teaching plan for a client with newly-diagnosed migraine headaches? (Select all that apply)

<p>A potential side effect of medications is rebound headache. (A), Complementary therapies such as biofeedback and relaxation may be helpful. (B), Foods that contain tyramine, such as alcohol and aged cheese, should be avoided. (C), Drugs such as nitroglycerin (Nitrostat) and nifedipine (Procardia) should be avoided. (D), Abortive therapy is aimed at eliminating the pain during the aura. (F)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which action can you delegate to the UAP after a client has a seizure?

<p>Taking the client's vital signs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which actions can you delegate to an LPN/LVN when admitting a client with a seizure disorder?

<p>Setting up oxygen and suction equipment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For which statement should you intervene when teaching a client and family about epilepsy?

<p>It's OK to take over-the-counter medications. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should you direct a caller reporting redness of the sclera, itching of the eyes, and increased lacrimation to do first?

<p>If you are wearing contact lenses, remove them. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important thing to stress when teaching about the prevention of accidental eye injuries?

<p>Protective eyewear should be worn during sports or hazardous work. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which clients should be assigned to the most experienced nurse in an ambulatory care center specializing in vision problems? (Select all that apply)

<p>Client who requires an assessment for recent and sudden loss of sight (A), Client who requires postoperative instructions after cataract surgery (B), Client who requests a home health referral for dressing changes and eyedrop instillation (C), Client who requires preoperative teaching for laser trabeculoplasty (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Have the client sit down and tilt his or her head slightly backward. _____, _____, _____, _____, _____, _____

<p>6, 2, 5, 4, 3, 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tasks are appropriate to delegate to an LPN/LVN who is functioning under the supervision of an RN? (Select all that apply)

<p>Performing a routine check of a client's visual acuity using the Snellen eye chart (B), Showing clients how to gently cleanse eyelid margins to remove crusting (C), Administering sulfacetamide sodium 10% (Sulf-10 Ophthalmic) to a child with conjunctivitis (D), Reviewing hand-washing and hygiene practices with clients who have eye infections (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

You are initiating a nursing care plan for a patient with osteoporosis. Which intervention should you delegate to the UAP?

<p>Assisting the patient with ambulation to the bathroom and in the halls (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which teaching points will you be sure to include for a patient with osteoporosis to prevent falls? (Select all that apply)

<p>Wear a hip protector when ambulating. (B), Exercise to help build your strength. (C), Remove throw rugs and other obstacles at home. (D), Rest when you are tired. (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which finding should you notify the physician about first when admitting a patient with Paget disease?

<p>The base of the skull is invaginated (platybasia). (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which action requires that the charge nurse intervene when an LPN/LVN is providing interventions for a patient with Paget disease?

<p>Applying ice and gentle massage to the patient's lower extremities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

You are making assignments for the day shift. Which patient would you assign to the nurse who was floated from the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) for the day?

<p>72-year-old with Paget disease who has just returned from surgery for total knee replacement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which task is most suitable to delegate to the UAP when preparing a client for a colonoscopy procedure?

<p>Reinforcing 'nothing by mouth' status 8 hours before the procedure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

You would be most concerned about an order for a total parenteral nutrition (TPN) fat emulsion for a client with which condition?

<p>Fractured femur (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which assessment finding is the most serious for a client with peptic ulcer disease?

<p>Boardlike abdomen with shoulder pain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which finding should be called to the attention of the surgeon before proceeding with surgical treatment for obesity?

<p>History of counseling for body dysmorphic disorder (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When preparing to review a teaching plan for a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus, which value would you be sure to review?

<p>Glycosylated hemoglobin (HgbA1c) level (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which task should you delegate to a UAP for a patient with newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes?

<p>Reminding the patient to check glucose level before each meal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which key points should you include in the teaching plan for a patient with newly-diagnosed diabetes? (Select all that apply)

<p>Report any nonhealing skin breaks to your health care provider. (A), Clean and inspect your feet every day. (D), Be sure that your shoes fit properly. (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which finding would you instruct the LPN/LVN to report immediately?

<p>Profuse perspiration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which intervention should you delegate to a UAP for a diabetic patient?

<p>Checking to make sure that the patient's bath water is not too hot (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which assessment finding supports a diagnosis of Graves disease (hyperthyroidism)?

<p>Exophthalmos (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which change in vital signs would you instruct the UAP to report immediately for a patient with hyperthyroidism?

<p>Rapid heart rate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For a patient with hyperthyroidism, which task will you delegate to an experienced UAP?

<p>Monitoring the apical pulse, blood pressure, and temperature every 4 hours (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

As the shift begins, you are assigned to care for the following patients. Which patient should you assess first?

<p>58-year-old with hypothyroidism and a heart rate of 48 beats/min (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which assessment finding supports the nursing diagnosis of Decreased Cardiac Output related to decreased plasma volume?

<p>Flattened neck veins when the client is in the supine position (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient is hospitalized with adrenocortical insufficiency. Which nursing activity should you delegate to a UAP?

<p>Reminding the patient to change positions slowly (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which interventions for oral health are within the scope of practice for an LPN/LVN being supervised by a nurse? (Select all that apply.)

<p>Encourage mouth rinsing with warm saline (A), Observe the lips, tongue, and mucous membranes (C), Provide mouth care every 2 hours while the client is awake (D), Remind the client to avoid commercial mouthwashes (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

You are caring for a client who has just had a squamous cell carcinoma removed from the face. Which activity can you delegate to an experienced LPN/LVN?

<p>Monitoring the surgical site for swelling, bleeding, or pain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When planning care for a resident with a stage III sacral pressure ulcer, which nursing intervention is best to delegate to an LPN/LVN?

<p>Cleaning and changing the dressing on the ulcer every morning (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which order takes priority for a client with a diagnosis of Excess Fluid Volume?

<p>Administer furosemide (Lasix) 40 mg IV push. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which client should you assess first in the burn unit?

<p>Client who has just arrived from the emergency department with facial burns sustained in a house fire (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which laboratory value should you check immediately for a client with prominent U waves?

<p>Potassium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which action will you take first for a client suspected of having SARS?

<p>Place the client on airborne and contact precautions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

List the steps of the care plan in the order in which each should be accomplished: Apply silver sulfadiazine (Silvadene) ointment, obtain specimens for aerobic and anaerobic wound cultures, administer morphine sulfate 10 mg IV, debride the wound of eschar using gauze sponges, cover the wound with a sterile gauze dressing.

<p>3, 4, 2, 1, 5</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what order will you perform the following actions after oral suctioning on a client in contact and airborne precautions?

<p>Remove gloves (A), Take off gown (B), Take off goggles (C), Perform hand hygiene (D), Remove N95 respirator (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which client is best to assign to an RN who has floated from the oncology unit?

<p>45-year-old with infected partial-thickness back and chest burns who has a dressing change scheduled (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

You are providing nursing care for a 24-year-old female patient admitted to the unit with a diagnosis of cystitis. Which intervention should you delegate to the UAP?

<p>Providing the patient with a clean-catch urine sample container (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which personal protective equipment (PPE) will you need when preparing to assess a client diagnosed with disseminated herpes zoster? (Select all that apply.)

<p>Gloves (A), Gown (D), N95 respirator (F)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which client requires the most rapid action to protect others in the ED from infection?

<p>5-year-old who has a new pruritic rash and a possible chickenpox infection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which laboratory result is of most concern to you for an adult patient with cystitis?

<p>Urine bacteria count of 100,000 colonies per milliliter (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

As charge nurse, you would assign the nursing care of which patient to an LPN/LVN working under the supervision of an RN?

<p>48-year-old with cystitis who is taking oral antibiotics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which actions are appropriate for an experienced LPN/LVN providing care for a patient with a respiratory problem? (Select all that apply.)

<p>Administering medications via metered-dose inhaler (MDI) (B), Checking oxygen saturation using pulse oximetry (D), Auscultating breath sounds (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which finding concerns you immediately for a patient with chronic emphysema receiving oxygen at 5 L/min?

<p>Respiratory rate of 8 breaths/min (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which piece of the patient's medical history supports a diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI)?

<p>Followed for prostate disease for 2 years (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should your plan of care for a patient suspected of having interstitial cystitis include?

<p>Teach the patient about the cystoscopy procedure. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What intervention should you suggest for a patient reporting nasal passage discomfort while receiving oxygen at 6 L/min?

<p>Humidify the patient's oxygen. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which information will require the most immediate action for a client with a history of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?

<p>The bladder is palpable above the symphysis pubis and the client is restless. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which action by a student performing tracheostomy care would cause you to intervene?

<p>Removing the inner cannula and cleaning using standard precautions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

While performing a breast examination on a 22-year-old client, which finding is of most concern?

<p>An irregularly shaped, nontender lump is palpable in the left breast. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which actions would you clearly provide to an RN supervising a patient admitted with anterior epistaxis? (Select all that apply.)

<p>Apply direct lateral pressure to the nose for 5 minutes. (A), Apply ice or cool compresses to the nose. (B), Maintain standard body substance precautions. (C), Instruct the patient not to blow the nose for several hours. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

After undergoing a modified radical mastectomy, which nursing action is best to delegate to an experienced LPN/LVN?

<p>Monitoring the client's dressing for any signs of bleeding (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which laboratory test is most useful for a client reporting substernal and left arm discomfort related to acute coronary syndrome (ACS)?

<p>Troponin I level (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which client finding requires immediate action during a treadmill stress test?

<p>Chest pain level of 3 (on a scale of 10) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which actions can be delegated to an experienced LPN/LVN in the ED for a client with acute substernal chest pain? (Select all that apply.)

<p>Attaching cardiac monitor leads (A), Obtaining a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) (B), Having the client chew and swallow aspirin 162 mg (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Nurse's role in pain management

The nurse's role is to evaluate the team's performance and how they are managing the patient's pain.

Pain management conference

A meeting to discuss the patient's pain with all involved healthcare providers.

Social-cultural aspect of pain

Understanding patients' personal beliefs towards medications and their fear of addiction is crucial for successful pain management.

Gabapentin for diabetic neuropathy

Gabapentin, an anticonvulsant medication, is the first-line treatment for diabetic neuropathy pain.

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Opioids for chronic pain in diabetes

Opioid medications like hydrocodone may be options for chronic pain but require careful consideration and management.

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Delegation in cancer care

Tasks that require minimal expertise can be delegated to support staff while the nurse monitors the patient's response.

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Addressing patient anxiety

It's crucial to acknowledge the patient's emotional state when discussing medical procedures, especially when they are anxious.

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Risk of cancer in family history

Individuals with a family history of cancer require closer monitoring to prevent complications.

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Risk factors for pancreatic cancer

Elderly males and smokers have a higher risk of developing pancreatic cancer.

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Chemotherapy and platelet count

Chemotherapy patients need to be cautious about the potential risk of low platelet count.

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Mouthwash during chemotherapy

Alcohol-based mouthwashes should be avoided as they can dry out the mucous membranes.

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Epinephrine for anaphylaxis

Epinephrine is the primary treatment for anaphylactic shock.

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Oxygen therapy during anaphylaxis

Oxygen delivery is necessary during anaphylactic shock with a non-rebreather mask for maximum concentration.

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HIV prevention through sterile needles

Healthcare assistants should distribute sterile injection equipment to decrease the spread of HIV.

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Consequences of inconsistent HIV treatment

Inconsistent medication adherence for HIV treatment can lead to serious complications.

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Fluid and electrolyte balance - nurse's role

While healthcare assistants can provide fluids, the registered nurse is responsible for monitoring fluid intake and managing treatment plans.

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Clear communication for fluid management

Fluid balance instructions for dehydrated patients should be consistent across medical teams.

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Mouthwash during dehydration

Patients should be reminded to avoid commercial mouthwashes containing alcohol.

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Healthcare assistant's role in dehydration

Healthcare assistants play a crucial role in oral care and monitoring the patient's mucous membranes.

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Safety measures during treatment

Prevent potential complications during treatment by avoiding medications that can cause adverse effects.

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Monitoring vital signs during treatment

Closely monitor blood pressure and blood sugar levels to ensure patient safety.

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Treating lung fluid accumulation

Rales in both lungs indicate fluid buildup, requiring furosemide (Lasix) to move fluids.

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Hypokalemia and EKG

Hypokalemia can be detected by changes on an EKG, particularly prominent U waves.

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Isolation for suspected SARS

Suspected SARS cases require airborne and contact precautions to protect others in the hospital.

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Bird flu treatment

Oxygen therapy is the primary intervention for bird flu due to the risk of respiratory deterioration.

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Removing PPE

When removing personal protective equipment, follow a specific order to avoid contamination and cross-transmission.

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PPE for herpes zoster

Wear an N95 mask, face shield, and cap when assessing a patient with herpes zoster as a precautionary measure.

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Isolation for chickenpox

Varicella (chickenpox) is highly contagious through the air and requires immediate isolation.

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Data accuracy in emergency care

Accurate data handling is crucial for optimal care in emergency situations, including ECG electrode placement and interpretation.

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Chest pain during stress test

Any chest pain during a treadmill stress test is a warning sign requiring immediate stop.

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Persistent cough as a side effect

Communicate with healthcare providers if persistent cough is a side effect of medication like enalapril, as it may indicate a serious issue.

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Troponin for heart damage

Troponin levels are crucial biomarkers for heart damage, rising after the onset of acute coronary syndrome.

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White blood cell count and surgery

Elevated white blood cell count usually indicates the need to postpone any surgical procedures to avoid infection.

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Management of anterior nosebleeds

Manage nosebleeds by applying pressure and giving proper instructions to the patient to prevent further complications.

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Reducing cardiovascular risks

Ensure life support guidelines are followed and cover genetic factors like smoking cessation to reduce cardiovascular risks.

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Smoking education for heart disease

Educating patients about smoking and its negative effects on heart health is essential, especially those with a strong family history of heart disease.

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Exercise and blood pressure management

Balancing physical activity and rest helps maintain healthy blood pressure levels, emphasizing healthy lifestyle choices.

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IV priming for PRBCs

Normal saline should be used to prime the IV line when infusing packed red blood cells (PRBCs) to prevent hemolysis.

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Timing of PRBC transfusion

Delaying PRBC infusion for up to 20 minutes may be acceptable, but starting the transfusion as soon as possible is preferred.

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IV catheter size for blood transfusion

A large IV catheter is preferred for blood transfusion, but a smaller catheter can be used with diluted red blood cells.

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Oxygen therapy during sickle cell crisis

100% oxygen with a non-rebreather mask is a priority during sickle cell crisis.

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Management of sickle cell crisis

Pain control, hydration, and transfusions are important interventions during a sickle cell crisis, while vaccinations should be postponed.

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Delegation of stool sample collection

Unlicensed assistive personnel (UAPs) can collect stool samples for a fecal occult blood test as it's within their scope of practice.

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Consent form for colonoscopy

The physician should obtain the patient's signature on the colonoscopy consent form, not the assistant.

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Post-colonoscopy care

A patient recovering from a colonoscopy is best assigned to a nurse coming from the Post Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) due to their expertise in post-anesthesia monitoring.

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Managing severe migraine pain

Severe migraine pain requires priority care, so appropriate medications should be administered immediately.

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Migraine triggers

Patients with migraines should be educated to avoid foods containing tyramine and medications like nitroglycerin, which can cause vasoconstriction.

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Post-seizure care

Vital signs can be delegated to unlicensed assistive personnel after a seizure, but neurological assessments and documentation should be done by nurses.

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Managing seizures

Restraining a patient during a seizure is not recommended, but guiding their movements if needed is acceptable.

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Eye irritation and contact lenses

Patients with eye irritation should remove their contact lenses first to minimize discomfort.

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Eye protection

Wearing protective eyewear during sports or hazardous work can prevent up to 90% of eye injuries.

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Fall prevention education

Educating patients about using safety devices, such as hip protectors, and removing tripping hazards at home is crucial.

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Exercise for fall prevention

Regular exercise plays a vital role in strengthening muscles and reducing the risk of falls.

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Paget's disease and skull base changes

Changes in skull base that cause brain-related risks are some of the most important outcomes of Paget's disease to discuss with the physician.

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Osteoporosis care plan

Exercise, monitoring height increases, and behavioral strategies are part of the care plan for patients with osteoporosis.

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Study Notes

إدارة الألم

  • يتمثل دور الممرض المسؤول في تقييم أداء الطاقم والاتجاهات بالنسبة للمريض الذي يعاني من الألم.
  • يجب على الممرضة إجراء مؤتمر مع الممرضين المعنيين لتقصي المعلومات المتعلقة بإدارة الألم.
  • التساؤل حول المعتقدات حول الأدوية ومخاطر الإدمان هو جزء أساسي من البعد الاجتماعي والثقافي للألم.

إدارة الألم عند مرضى السكري

  • غابابنتين هو الخيار الأول لعلاج الألم العصبي لمرضى السكري، فهو دواء مضاد للتشنجات.
  • الأدوية الأفيونية مثل هيدروكودون يمكن أن تكون مناسبة في حالات الألم المزمن، لكن يجب استخدامها بحذر.

أولوية الرعاية في حالات السرطان

  • يمكن تفويض مهام مثل العناية الفموية لمساعد الدعم، بينما يبقى على الممرض مراقبة استجابة المريض.
  • الحالة النفسية للمريض (القلق) يجب أن تؤخذ بعين الاعتبار عند محاولة تقديم المعلومات حول الإجراءات الطبية.

مخاطر الإصابة بالسرطان

  • المرضى من ذوي التاريخ العائلي للسرطان يحتاجون إلى متابعة دقيقة لتجنب المضاعفات.
  • الرجال المسنون بالإضافة إلى المدخنين هم الأكثر عرضة للإصابة بسرطان البنكرياس.

الرعاية أثناء العلاج الكيميائي

  • المرضى الذين يخضعون للعلاج الكيميائي يحتاجون إلى اتخاذ الحيطة في ما يتعلق بمخاطر انخفاض الصفائح الدموية.
  • يجب تجنب الغسول الفموي المحتوي على الكحول لأن ذلك يعرض الغشاء المخاطي للجفاف.

إدارة الطوارئ في حالات الحساسية

  • إعطاء الإبينيفرين هو العلاج الأساسي لحالات الصدمة التحسسية.
  • توصيل الأكسجين يعد إجراءً مناسبًا ولكن يفضل أن يتم عن طريق قناع غير قابل للتنفس للوصول إلى أعلى تركيز ممكن.

معالجة فيروس نقص المناعة البشرية (HIV)

  • يجب توجيه المساعدين الصحيين لتوزيع معدات الحقن المعقمة للحد من انتشار فيروس نقص المناعة البشرية.
  • عدم الالتزام بتناول الأدوية بشكل منتظم لعلاج فيروس نقص المناعة البشرية يمكن أن يؤدي إلى مضاعفات خطيرة.

التوازن بين السوائل والكهارل

  • يناط بالمساعدين الطبيين توفير السوائل للمريض، ولكن يجب على الممرض المحترف مراقبة السوائل والإشراف على الخطط العلاجية.
  • ينبغي أن تكون التعليمات الخاصة بموازنة السوائل للمرضى الذين يعانون من نقص حجم السوائل واضحة بين الفرق الطبية.

آثار الجفاف

  • يجب تذكير المرضى بعدم استخدام الغسولات الفموية التجارية التي تحتوي على الكحول.
  • تشمل مسؤوليات المساعدين الصحيين العناية بالفم ومراقبة الأنسجة المخاطية للمريض.

نقاط تهتم بالسلامة

  • ينبغي اتباع تدابير السلامة مثل تجنب الأدوية التي تسبب مضاعفات أثناء العلاج.
  • المراقبة الدقيقة لعوامل الضغط الدموية ومستويات السكر في الدم أمر حيوي للمحافظة على سلامة المريض.### تعيين الأولويات في الرعاية الصحية
  • يعتبر وجود صوت صرير رطب ثنائي الجانب مؤشرًا على وجود سوائل في الرئتين، مما يتطلب إعطاء الفurosemide (Lasix) لتحريك السوائل.
  • انخفاض مستويات البوتاسيوم (hypokalemia) يمكن أن يظهر من خلال تغيرات على تخطيط القلب، لذا يجب التحقق من مستوى البوتاسيوم عند رؤية موجات U بارزة.
  • في حالة الاشتباه في متلازمة الالتهاب التنفسي الحاد (SARS)، ينبغي وضع المريض في عزل هوائي واحتياطات ملامسة لحماية الآخرين في المستشفى.
  • عند التعامل مع إنفلونزا الطيور، يجب أن يكون الهدف الرئيسي هو البدء في العلاج بالأكسجين بسبب خطر تدهور التنفس.
  • عند التعامل مع الحاجز الهوائي والحفاظ على النظافة، ينبغي اتباع الترتيب الصحيح عند إزالة معدات الحماية الشخصية لتجنب انتقال الجراثيم.
  • كإجراء احترازي، يجب ارتداء قناع N95، وواقي، وقبعة أثناء تقييم مريض به قوباء ممنعية (herpes zoster).
  • يعتبر الفحص للتأكد من قوباء الأطفال الجويين خطرًا لأنه يُنقل عبر الهواء بسرعة وينبغي عزل الطفل على الفور.
  • لتحقيق أفضل نتائج للرعاية في حالة الطوارئ، يجب على المتمرسين في الرعاية الصحية التعامل مع بيانات الرعاية بدقة، بما في ذلك وضع الأقطاب الكهربائية وكشف تخطيط القلب.
  • خلال اختبار الجهد على جهاز المشي، أي ألم في الصدر يعتبر علامة تحذيرية تتطلب التوقف الفوري.
  • من المهم التواصل مع مقدمي الرعاية الصحية عند وجود سعال مستمر كعرض جانبي نتيجة للدواء (مثل enalapril) واعتباره خَطيرًا.

الوقاية والمراقبة

  • تعتبر تحاليل تروپونين (Troponin) من المؤشرات الحيوية المحورية لتحديد إصابات القلب، حيث ترتفع مستوياتها بعد بدء المتلازمة التاجية الحادة.
  • قراءة مستوى خلايا الدم البيضاء المرتفعة تشير عادةً إلى الحاجة لتأجيل أي إجراءات جراحية لتجنب العدوى.
  • في حالة نزيف الأنف الأمامي، من الضروري الحفاظ على احتياطات معينة مثل الضغط على الأنف، والتوجيه الصحيح للمريض لتفادي المشاكل الإضافية.
  • التأكد من أدلة دعم الحياة وتغطية العوامل الوراثية التالية في تقليل مخاطر القلب والأوعية الدموية مثل الإقلاع عن التدخين له تأثير كبير على صحة المريض.

توعية المريض

  • التعليم حول التدخين والآثار السلبية على صحة القلب يعد جزءًا لا يتجزأ من خطة علاجية شاملة، خاصة للمصابين بتاريخ عائلي قوي لأمراض القلب.
  • ينبغي الموازنة بين الأنشطة البدنية والراحة للمساعدة في الحفاظ على مستوى ضغط دم صحي، مع التركيز على الأنماط الصحية المعيشية كجزء من الخطة الموجهة للعناية بالمريض.### معلومات حول تقديم الرعاية الصحية
  • يجب استخدام محلول ملحي عادي لتجهيز خط الوريد عند نقل خلايا الدم الحمراء المعبأة (PRBCs) لتجنب انحلال كريات الدم الحمراء.
  • تأخير بدء نقل PRBCs لمدة 20 دقيقة قد يكون مقبولاً، لكن من الأفضل بدء النقل في أسرع وقت ممكن.
  • يُفضل استخدام قسطرة وريدية كبيرة لنقل الدم، ولكن يمكن استخدام قسطرة أصغر مع تخفيف خلايا الدم الحمراء بمحلول ملحي.

إدارة الأزمات في حالات الطوارئ

  • يحظى إعطاء الأكسجين بنسبة 100% باستخدام قناع غير قابل للتنفس بالأولوية في أزمة تكسر كريات الدم الحمراء عند مرضى فقر الدم المنجلي.
  • التحكم في الألم والتروية أيضاً إجراءات هامة يجب تنفيذها بسرعة، بينما يجب تأجيل اللقاحات للقيم المستقبلية.

تفويض المهام في الرعاية الصحية

  • يمكن للمساعدين غير المرخصين (UAP) جمع عينات البراز لاختبار الدم الخفي، حيث تعد هذه المهمة ضمن نطاق مهامهم.
  • يجب على الطبيب الحصول على توقيع المريض على استمارة موافقة منظار القولون، وليس المساعدين.

توزيع المهام في وحدة الرعاية الصحية

  • يُفضل تعيين مريض عائد من عملية منظار القولون إلى ممرض قادم من وحدة العناية بعد التخدير (PACU)، حيث إنه سيكون على دراية بمراقبة المرضى بعد التخدير.

تشخيص الألم والصداع النصفي

  • يُعتبر ألم الصداع النصفي الحاد من الأولويات في الرعاية، لذا يُوصى بإعطاء العلاجات المناسبة للإدارة الفورية.
  • ينصح بتعليم المرضى تجنب الأطعمة التي تحتوي على التيرامين، والابتعاد عن الأدوية التي قد تسبب انقباض الشرايين، مثل النتروجليسرين.

الإجراءات بعد نوبات التشنجات

  • يمكن تفويض قياس العلامات الحيوية للمساعدين غير المرخصين بعد حدوث نوبة، بينما تتطلب التقييمات العصبية والتوثيق من قبل الممرضين.
  • يجب عدم تقييد المريض أثناء النوبات، بل يجب توجيه حركته عند الحاجة.

توفير رعاية العين

  • يجب على المرضى الذين يعانون من التهيج في العيون إزالة العدسات اللاصقة أولاً، لتجنب تفاقم الأعراض.
  • ارتداء نظارات واقية عند ممارسة الرياضات أو العمل في ظروف خطرة يمكن أن يمنع 90% من إصابات العين.

تعليم المرضى حول الوقاية من السقوط

  • يلزم توعية المرضى بارتداء الأجهزة الواقية مثل واقي الورك، وإزالة السجاد والمخاطر المحتملة في المنزل.
  • تلعب التمارين دورًا مهمًا في تقوية العضلات وتقليل مخاطر السقوط.

التعامل مع مشاكل الهيكل العظمي

  • يُعتبر التغير في قاعدة الجمجمة الذي يسبب المخاطر المرتبطة بالدماغ من أكثر نتائج مرض باجيت أهمية في التواصل مع الطبيب.
  • تعتبر استراتيجيات مثل التمارين ومراقبة الارتفاعات في الطول والسلوكيات السلوكية جزءاً من خطة الرعاية للمرضى المصابين بهشاشة العظام.

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هذا الاختبار يركز على إدارة الألم كما هو موضح في الفصل الأول من اختبارات NCLEX. سيختبر هذا الاختبار قدرتك على اتخاذ القرارات الصحيحة في سيناريوهات الألم المختلفة وضمان رعاية مرضى فعالة. ابدأ في تحسين مهاراتك في اتخاذ القرار الآن.

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