Nausea, Vomit and Motion Sickness Pharmacology Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which neurotransmitter is released by the enterochromaffin cells of the small intestine in response to blood-borne emetics and local irritants?

  • Dopamine
  • Histamine
  • Acetylcholine
  • Serotonin (correct)

    • Which receptor is stimulated by serotonin to initiate the vomiting reflex?

  • H1 (histamine)
  • Muscarinic (acetylcholine)
  • D2 (dopamine)
  • 5HT3 (serotonin) (correct)

    • Which neurotransmitter's receptors may mediate signaling in the emetic center?

  • Acetylcholine
  • Dopamine
  • Histamine
  • Serotonin (correct)

    • Which neurotransmitter is associated with 5HT3 receptors?

    <p>Serotonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is responsible for stimulating vagal afferents in the vomiting reflex?

    <p>Serotonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is released in response to blood-borne emetics and local irritants?

    <p>Serotonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication has the highest receptor-binding affinity to 5-HT3R and a longer half-life?

    <p>Palonosetron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is metabolized by CYP2D6 and to a lesser extent, CYP3A4 and CYP1A2?

    <p>Palonosetron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is a pro-drug that is converted in vivo by carbonyl reductase to its active metabolite, hydrodolasetron?

    <p>Dolasetron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication has the highest bioavailability but is rapidly absorbed after oral administration?

    <p>Ondansetron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication has the longest half-life after intravenous injection?

    <p>Palonosetron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is extensively metabolized by liver CPY3A4 enzyme with extensive inter-subject variability?

    <p>Granisetron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common side effect of antihistamines and anticholinergics?

    <p>Dry mouth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the serotonin receptors localized and how do they influence the emetic center?

    <p>Localized in the brain, influencing nausea and vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the names of the 5-HT3 receptor antagonists?

    <p>Ondansetron and granisetron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should metoclopramide not be given at high doses or used long-term?

    <p>Because it can cause neurological side effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name some antihistamine drugs.

    <p>Diphenhydramine and promethazine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event in the body results most often as a side effect of 5-HT3 use?

    <p>Constipation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which areas in the CNS would be most associated with motion sickness?

    <p>Cerebellum and medulla oblongata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some side effects of antihistamines and anticholinergics?

    <p>Dry mouth, constipation, difficulty urinating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is a selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist?

    <p>Granisetron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of Aprepitant?

    <p>Blocks NK1 receptor, preventing nausea and vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication has the longest half-life after intravenous injection?

    <p>Palonosetron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common side effect of Dronabinol?

    <p>Sedation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is scopolamine primarily excreted from the body?

    <p>Urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main concern associated with metoclopramide use at high doses or long-term?

    <p>Extrapyramidal side effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is metabolized by CYP2D6 and to a lesser extent, CYP3A4?

    <p>Dolasetron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary receptor targeted by Palonosetron?

    <p>5-HT3 receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of glucocorticoids like dexamethasone in preventing nausea and vomiting?

    <p>Inhibits prostaglandin production and suppresses inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common side effect of ondansetron?

    <p>Headache</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common side effect of anticholinergic agents?

    <p>Difficulty urinating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a side effect most frequently associated with antihistamines?

    <p>Sedation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What area in the body are H1R antagonists well absorbed from?

    <p>Gastrointestinal tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter's receptors may mediate signaling in the emetic center?

    <p>Serotonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the serotonin receptors localized and how do they influence the emetic center?

    <p>Localized in the brain and stimulate vomiting reflex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some side effects of antihistamines and anticholinergics?

    <p>Sedation and constipation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area in the central nervous system could be most associated with motion sickness?

    <p>Vestibular system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event in the body results most often as a side effect of 5-HT3 receptor antagonist use?

    <p>Constipation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should metoclopramide not be given at high doses or used long-term?

    <p>Because it can result in tardive dyskinesia and dystonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication has the highest receptor-binding affinity to 5-HT3 receptors and a longer half-life?

    <p>Ondansetron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main neurotransmitter responsible for stimulating vagal afferents in the vomiting reflex?

    <p>Serotonin (5-HT3)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is a pro-drug converted in vivo by carbonyl reductase to its active metabolite, hydrodolasetron?

    <p>Dolasetron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication has the highest receptor-binding affinity to 5-HT3R and a longer half-life?

    <p>Palonosetron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side effect of antihistamines and anticholinergics?

    <p>Sedation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event in the body most often results as a side effect of 5-HT3 use?

    <p>QT interval prolongation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which areas in the CNS are most associated with motion sickness?

    <p>Medulla oblongata and pons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should metoclopramide not be given at high doses or used long-term?

    <p>Potential for extrapyramidal side effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is extensively metabolized by liver CPY3A4 enzyme with extensive inter-subject variability?

    <p>Ondansetron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication has the longest half-life after intravenous injection?

    <p>Granisetron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptor is stimulated by serotonin to initiate the vomiting reflex?

    <p>5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT3)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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