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Questions and Answers
What are the three common characteristics of organizations?
What are the three common characteristics of organizations?
Distinct purpose, people, and deliberate structure.
How does a firm create value in the economic context?
How does a firm create value in the economic context?
By transforming resources into products and services.
What factors contribute to a firm's involvement in inclusive growth?
What factors contribute to a firm's involvement in inclusive growth?
The firm addresses inequality and unemployment in society.
Explain the neoclassical theory of the firm in simple terms.
Explain the neoclassical theory of the firm in simple terms.
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Why do transaction costs theory underscore the existence of firms?
Why do transaction costs theory underscore the existence of firms?
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What is the agency problem in agency theory?
What is the agency problem in agency theory?
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How does a firm act as a social reality?
How does a firm act as a social reality?
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What roles do principals and agents play in agency theory?
What roles do principals and agents play in agency theory?
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What is the resource-based view (RBV) of the firm?
What is the resource-based view (RBV) of the firm?
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How do agency costs affect the principal-agent relationship?
How do agency costs affect the principal-agent relationship?
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What distinguishes the different types of firms based on ownership?
What distinguishes the different types of firms based on ownership?
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What defines an industrial firm?
What defines an industrial firm?
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What is the responsibility of corporate officers in a company?
What is the responsibility of corporate officers in a company?
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Which characteristics are typically found in successful entrepreneurs?
Which characteristics are typically found in successful entrepreneurs?
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What are the essential elements of a business plan?
What are the essential elements of a business plan?
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What is the role of an intrapreneur within a company?
What is the role of an intrapreneur within a company?
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How does the size of a firm influence management and ownership roles?
How does the size of a firm influence management and ownership roles?
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Describe the difference between an innovator entrepreneur and a manager entrepreneur.
Describe the difference between an innovator entrepreneur and a manager entrepreneur.
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What elements combined can create a sustainable competitive advantage for a firm?
What elements combined can create a sustainable competitive advantage for a firm?
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What are the primary types of firms classified by the nature of their productive activities?
What are the primary types of firms classified by the nature of their productive activities?
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Why is it crucial to align the interests of principals and agents?
Why is it crucial to align the interests of principals and agents?
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What steps are involved in launching an entrepreneurial start-up?
What steps are involved in launching an entrepreneurial start-up?
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Study Notes
Nature of the Firm
- A firm is a profit-seeking organization supplying goods/services to meet customer needs, transforming lower-value inputs into higher-value outputs.
- Organizations have a distinct purpose, consist of people, and have a deliberate structure.
- Firms are affected by their operational environment.
- Firms function as economic realities by creating value, and as social realities impacting stakeholders and society.
- High income inequality reduces social cohesion, conflict, and hinders economic growth; unemployment is a contributor.
Theoretical Approaches to the Firm
- Neoclassical: Views the firm as a "black box" maximizing profit, focusing on factor and product markets, and considering the market an "invisible hand" coordinating supply and demand.
- Transaction Costs: Firms exist because market transactions have costs (information, negotiation, monitoring, contract enforcement).
- Agency: Firms are contracts between principals (owners) and agents (managers). Agency problems arise from differing interests, and incentives are needed to align them and reduce agency costs.
- Resource-Based View (RBV): Firms are bundles of valuable, rare, inimitable, and non-substitutable resources and capabilities that drive competitive advantage.
Classifying Firms
- Ownership: State-owned, mixed equity, privately-owned.
- Size: Micro, small, medium, large.
- Nature of activity: Industrial (extractive, manufacturing), commercial (wholesale, retail, commission), service (personal, transport, healthcare, etc.).
- Scope/Location: Local, domestic, international.
- Legal form: Sole proprietorship, partnership, corporation, cooperative.
Ownership and Management
- Firm owner: Individual or group owning the firm's capital.
- Family-owned firms: Controlled by families, where owners usually manage.
- Separation of ownership and management: Common in large companies where shareholders hire corporate officers to manage.
- Corporate governance: Mechanisms ensuring alignment of owners' and managers' interests.
Entrepreneurship
- Entrepreneur: Innovator who recognizes a business opportunity, finds resources, assumes risk, and receives reward.
- Intrapreneur: Innovator within an existing company.
- Innovation: The process of changing, experimenting, and transforming.
- Approaches to entrepreneurship: Risk-taker, manager, owner (with varying degrees of risk, innovation, coordination, speculation).
- Entrepreneur characteristics: Creativity, action-orientation, determination, risk tolerance, ability to learn, independence, leadership.
- Launching a start-up: Idea generation, business plan development, and setup.
- Business plan content: Objectives, activities, market analysis, marketing, production, location, organization, funding, and legal aspects.
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Description
Explore the essential concepts surrounding firms, including their structure, purpose, and the economic and social impacts they have. Delve into various theoretical approaches such as neoclassical, transaction costs, and agency theory, providing insights into how firms operate in markets and the role they play in society.