Nature of Inquiry and Research Quiz

Ethical Considerations

• Human Rights – 1948 Nuremberg Code
• Right to voluntary participation
• Right to informed consent
• Right to be protected from harm
• Right to confidentiality
• Right to anonymity

Scientific Misconduct

• Plagiarism refers to the act of using another person's ideas, words, processes, and results without giving due credit
• Types of plagiarism include:
  • Using another person's ideas, words, processes, and results without giving due credit
  • Passing off entire work as one's own
  • Copying and pasting from the internet without citing the source
  • Using someone else's data or research results without permission

Types of Research

• Based on Application of Research Method:
  • Basic Research – deals with concepts, principles, or abstract things; aims to increase knowledge about something
  • Applied Research – applies chosen research to societal problems or issues, to make positive changes in society
• Based on Purpose of the Research/Methodology:
  • Descriptive – aims to provide a verbal portrayal or picture; cause & effect
  • Correlational – shows relationships/connectedness of two variables
  • Explanatory – explains reasons behind the relationship of two variables and ways they exist
  • Exploratory – finds out how reasonable it is to conduct a research on a certain topic
  • Action – studies an ongoing practice of an institution to obtain results and improve the system
• Based on Types of Data Needed:
  • Qualitative – verbal language; not measurable
  • Quantitative – numerical form; measurable

Types of Data

• Primary – direct observation; new/original information from experience
• Secondary – already written about or reported on; print or electronic

Qualitative Research

• Reality is conditioned by society and people's intentions are involved in explaining cause-effect relationships
• Characteristics of Qualitative Research include:
  • Human understanding and interpretation
  • Active, powerful, and forceful
  • Multiple research approaches and methods
  • Specificity to generalization
  • Contextualization
  • Diversified data in real-life situations

Nature of Inquiry and Research

• Inquiry – to look for information by asking various questions
• Research – to discover truths by investigating on your chosen topic scientifically/systematically
• Characteristics of Research include:
  • Critical – careful/precise judgment
  • Logical – based on valid procedures/principles
  • Empirical – based on direct experience/observation by researcher
  • Analytical – utilizes proven analytical procedures in gathering data
  • Replicability – research design and procedures are repeated to arrive at valid/conclusive results
  • Methodical – methodical manner using systematic method
  • Cyclical – starts with a problem, ends with a problem

Aims of Research

• Verification of Existing Knowledge – proving the veracity of existing theories
• Acquisition of New Knowledge – brings new ideas or creates new theories
• Application of New Knowledge – translated to something useful; to improve quality of life
• Advancement of Researcher's Expertise – gain relevant experiences that enhance and deepen their knowledge and skills