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Questions and Answers
Natural ______ refers to the process where individual organisms that have favorable traits experience greater fitness and reproductive success.
Natural ______ refers to the process where individual organisms that have favorable traits experience greater fitness and reproductive success.
selection
The type of selection that favors ______ phenotypes is known as stabilizing selection.
The type of selection that favors ______ phenotypes is known as stabilizing selection.
intermediate
Artificial ______ is the process of selecting plants or animal individuals for breeding.
Artificial ______ is the process of selecting plants or animal individuals for breeding.
selection
The finches with different beak shapes and sizes are an example of ______ in action.
The finches with different beak shapes and sizes are an example of ______ in action.
Directional ______ favors one phenotype over another.
Directional ______ favors one phenotype over another.
Artificial ______ served as the primary principle behind selective breeding used for producing new varieties of plants and animals.
Artificial ______ served as the primary principle behind selective breeding used for producing new varieties of plants and animals.
A population is a group of interbreeding ______ of the same species.
A population is a group of interbreeding ______ of the same species.
Evolution is the cumulative ______ change in a population of organisms over time.
Evolution is the cumulative ______ change in a population of organisms over time.
The theory of evolution by natural ______ attempted to explain the causes of evolutionary change among organisms.
The theory of evolution by natural ______ attempted to explain the causes of evolutionary change among organisms.
Natural ______ is usually described as the 'survival of the fittest'.
Natural ______ is usually described as the 'survival of the fittest'.
The ancestor, known as the founder ______, diverged into two lineages.
The ancestor, known as the founder ______, diverged into two lineages.
Antibiotic resistance is a startling example of ______ in action.
Antibiotic resistance is a startling example of ______ in action.
Selective breeding increases the chances of achieving desirable ______ in any plant or animal derived products.
Selective breeding increases the chances of achieving desirable ______ in any plant or animal derived products.
Aristotle's Historia Animalium classified animals based on ______ and functions.
Aristotle's Historia Animalium classified animals based on ______ and functions.
Comte de Buffon's work, Natural History of Animals, put forth ideas in ______ anatomy that are closely related to today's idea of evolution.
Comte de Buffon's work, Natural History of Animals, put forth ideas in ______ anatomy that are closely related to today's idea of evolution.
Lamarck's theory of use and disuse is also a major step toward the development of ______ theory.
Lamarck's theory of use and disuse is also a major step toward the development of ______ theory.
Through a series of domestication breeding, the evolution of the ______ was achieved.
Through a series of domestication breeding, the evolution of the ______ was achieved.
The Scala naturae of Aristotle organized organisms into a hierarchy, with ______ being at the top of the ladder.
The Scala naturae of Aristotle organized organisms into a hierarchy, with ______ being at the top of the ladder.
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Study Notes
Natural Selection and Fitness
- Fitness pertains to the adaptive traits of an individual that increase its likelihood of survival and reproduction.
- Natural selection is the process where individual organisms with favorable traits experience greater reproductive success than those without the trait.
Examples of Natural Selection
- Finches with different beak shapes and sizes adapt to their available food sources in their habitat.
Modes of Natural Selection
- Directional selection favors one phenotype over another.
- Stabilizing selection favors intermediate phenotypes.
- Disruptive selection favors extreme phenotypes.
Artificial Selection
- Artificial selection is the process of selecting plants or animals for breeding, based on the principle of heritable traits.
- It has been used to produce new varieties of plants and animals through selective breeding.
Mechanisms of Population Change
- A population is a group of interbreeding organisms of the same species that live in an area and interbreed to form offspring.
- Evolution acts on populations, causing cumulative genetic change over time.
Concept of Evolution
- Evolution is the process where species transform over time through genetic changes.
- The ancestor, or founder species, diverges into new lineages, resulting in speciation.
- Amakihi and Nihos finch are examples of descendants of speciation.
How Evolution Causes Changes in Population
- Genetic changes in populations are passed on to successive generations over time, causing changes in population.
Antibiotic Resistance
- Antibiotic resistance is an example of evolution in action, resulting from genetic changes in populations.
Forces of Evolution
- Several forces of evolution cause changes among populations, including natural selection.
Charles Darwin and Natural Selection
- Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection attempts to explain the causes of evolutionary change.
- Natural selection is the mechanism that drives evolution.
Artificial Selection and Breeding
- Selective breeding increases the chances of achieving desirable traits, leading to higher production in plants and animals.
- Examples of selective breeding include varieties of bean products and the evolution of pigs through domestication breeding.
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