18 Questions
Natural ______ refers to the process where individual organisms that have favorable traits experience greater fitness and reproductive success.
selection
The type of selection that favors ______ phenotypes is known as stabilizing selection.
intermediate
Artificial ______ is the process of selecting plants or animal individuals for breeding.
selection
The finches with different beak shapes and sizes are an example of ______ in action.
natural selection
Directional ______ favors one phenotype over another.
selection
Artificial ______ served as the primary principle behind selective breeding used for producing new varieties of plants and animals.
selection
A population is a group of interbreeding ______ of the same species.
organisms
Evolution is the cumulative ______ change in a population of organisms over time.
genetic
The theory of evolution by natural ______ attempted to explain the causes of evolutionary change among organisms.
selection
Natural ______ is usually described as the 'survival of the fittest'.
selection
The ancestor, known as the founder ______, diverged into two lineages.
species
Antibiotic resistance is a startling example of ______ in action.
evolution
Selective breeding increases the chances of achieving desirable ______ in any plant or animal derived products.
traits
Aristotle's Historia Animalium classified animals based on ______ and functions.
structure
Comte de Buffon's work, Natural History of Animals, put forth ideas in ______ anatomy that are closely related to today's idea of evolution.
comparative
Lamarck's theory of use and disuse is also a major step toward the development of ______ theory.
evolutionary
Through a series of domestication breeding, the evolution of the ______ was achieved.
pig
The Scala naturae of Aristotle organized organisms into a hierarchy, with ______ being at the top of the ladder.
humans
Study Notes
Natural Selection and Fitness
- Fitness pertains to the adaptive traits of an individual that increase its likelihood of survival and reproduction.
- Natural selection is the process where individual organisms with favorable traits experience greater reproductive success than those without the trait.
Examples of Natural Selection
- Finches with different beak shapes and sizes adapt to their available food sources in their habitat.
Modes of Natural Selection
- Directional selection favors one phenotype over another.
- Stabilizing selection favors intermediate phenotypes.
- Disruptive selection favors extreme phenotypes.
Artificial Selection
- Artificial selection is the process of selecting plants or animals for breeding, based on the principle of heritable traits.
- It has been used to produce new varieties of plants and animals through selective breeding.
Mechanisms of Population Change
- A population is a group of interbreeding organisms of the same species that live in an area and interbreed to form offspring.
- Evolution acts on populations, causing cumulative genetic change over time.
Concept of Evolution
- Evolution is the process where species transform over time through genetic changes.
- The ancestor, or founder species, diverges into new lineages, resulting in speciation.
- Amakihi and Nihos finch are examples of descendants of speciation.
How Evolution Causes Changes in Population
- Genetic changes in populations are passed on to successive generations over time, causing changes in population.
Antibiotic Resistance
- Antibiotic resistance is an example of evolution in action, resulting from genetic changes in populations.
Forces of Evolution
- Several forces of evolution cause changes among populations, including natural selection.
Charles Darwin and Natural Selection
- Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection attempts to explain the causes of evolutionary change.
- Natural selection is the mechanism that drives evolution.
Artificial Selection and Breeding
- Selective breeding increases the chances of achieving desirable traits, leading to higher production in plants and animals.
- Examples of selective breeding include varieties of bean products and the evolution of pigs through domestication breeding.
Test your understanding of the concept of natural selection, its impact on fitness, and how it leads to the adaptation of species. Learn about the role of favorable traits in reproductive success and survival. Explore classic examples of natural selection in action.
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