40 Questions
What type of adaptation is the production of Antifreeze proteins in cold water fish?
Functional
What is the purpose of classification in biology?
To group organisms based on their features and genes
How many main ranks are there in the classification system?
9
What is the definition of a Species?
A group of organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring
What is the purpose of scientific names in biology?
To avoid confusion and ensure a specific identification
What type of adaptation is the neck frills on a Frill Neck Lizard?
Structural
What is the correct classification rank for a group of organisms that share a common ancestor?
Phylum
What is the term for the process of grouping organisms based on their characteristics and genes?
Taxonomy
What is the primary cause of variation within a species?
Genetic mutations and environmental factors
What is the term used to describe the diversity of species within a particular region?
Species Diversity
What is the process by which organisms that are better suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce?
Natural Selection
What is the term used to describe the ability of an organism to survive and breed in its environment?
Adaptation
What is the result of reduced biodiversity?
Reduced ecosystem resilience
What is the primary driving force behind the formation of new species?
Natural selection and mutation
What type of evolution occurs when species evolve similar adaptations due to living in similar environments?
Convergent evolution
What are the two types of biodiversity?
Species Diversity and Genetic Diversity
What is the process by which a new species emerges from an existing one?
Speciation
What is the primary function of a phylogenetic tree?
To show the evolutionary history of an organism
What is the result of adaptive radiation?
The adaptation of ancestral organisms to new environments
What is the term used to describe the characteristics of an organism that are inherited from its parents?
Genes and Chromosomes
What is the primary way that genetic variation is introduced into a population?
Mutations
What is the term for the process by which genetic information is shuffled during gamete formation?
Meiosis
What is the main difference between analogous and homologous structures?
Their evolutionary origin
What is the term for the change in genetic diversity of a population due to chance events?
Genetic drift
What is the primary cause of resistance in bacteria and other organisms?
Random mutation
What is the term for the movement of individuals with certain traits into or out of a population?
Gene flow
What is the final stage of speciation?
Reproductive isolation
What is the term for the process by which individuals with certain traits are more likely to survive and reproduce?
Natural selection
What type of evolution occurs when related species evolve similar features despite physical separation?
Parallel evolution
What is an example of a biotic selective pressure?
Competition for resources
What is an example of an abiotic selective pressure?
Temperature fluctuations
How long does it typically take for natural selection to result in observable changes in a population?
Several generations
What is a consequence of antibiotic resistance?
Most nonresistant organisms die, leaving mainly resistant organisms
What is a problem caused by the extinction of a species?
Loss of genetic information or alleles
What is being done to prevent extinction?
Establishing national parks and botanical gardens
Is extinction permanent?
No, it is possible to revive an extinct species using DNA technology
What is artificial selection?
Human intervention causing selective pressure
What is an example of artificial selection?
Selective breeding of domestic animals
What can be a consequence of artificial selection?
Reduced variation and biodiversity
What is a goal of protecting existing areas?
To prevent extinction and preserve genetic information
Study Notes
Evolution & Natural Selection
- Biodiversity refers to the variety of species, genetic diversity, and ecosystem diversity on Earth
- Species diversity: different species in an ecosystem
- Genetic diversity: variation within a species or population
- Variation occurs in species and populations due to genes and chromosomes inherited from parents, genetic mutations, and environmental factors
- Adaptations are traits that help an organism survive and breed in its environment
- Structural adaptations (e.g., fur)
- Functional adaptations (e.g., making venom)
- Behavioural adaptations (e.g., courtship displays)
Classification
- Classification is the process of grouping living things based on their shared characteristics and genetics
- Taxonomy is the system of classification
- There are 9 main ranks in taxonomy: Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
- Each species has a unique scientific name to avoid confusion
Species & Variation
- A species is a group of organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring
- Variation within a species can occur through genetic mutations and meiosis
- Genetic drift and gene flow can affect genetic diversity within a population
- Selection determines which variations or traits will provide an individual with an increased chance of surviving over others
Natural Selection & Evolution
- Natural selection leads to evolution over many generations
- Speciation is the formation of a new species
- Types of evolution:
- Divergent evolution: species evolve differently in separate environments
- Adaptive radiation: ancestral organisms adapt to new environments
- Convergent evolution: organisms evolve similar adaptations in different environments
- Parallel evolution: related species evolve similar features in different locations
- Phylogenetic trees represent evolutionary relationships among organisms
Resistance & Extinction
- Resistance can occur when a random mutation creates resistance to a selective pressure (e.g., antibiotics)
- Extinction occurs when a species is unable to adapt to changes in its environment
- Problems with extinction include loss of genetic information, removal of a species from its food web, and loss of potential food crops
- Conservation efforts include national parks, botanical gardens, and zoos to protect and preserve species and their habitats
Learn about the levels of classification, species definition, variation, and natural selection leading to evolution. Understand the consequences of reduced biodiversity and how it affects populations.
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