Biology Module 4: Evolution & Natural Selection
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Questions and Answers

What type of adaptation is the production of Antifreeze proteins in cold water fish?

  • Genetic
  • Functional (correct)
  • Behavioural
  • Structural

    • What is the purpose of classification in biology?

  • To identify adaptations in an organism
  • To group organisms based on their features and genes (correct)
  • To determine the habitat of an organism
  • To study the behaviour of an organism

    • How many main ranks are there in the classification system?

  • 9 (correct)
  • 7
  • 5
  • 11

    • What is the definition of a Species?

    <p>A group of organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of scientific names in biology?

    <p>To avoid confusion and ensure a specific identification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of adaptation is the neck frills on a Frill Neck Lizard?

    <p>Structural</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct classification rank for a group of organisms that share a common ancestor?

    <p>Phylum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of grouping organisms based on their characteristics and genes?

    <p>Taxonomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of variation within a species?

    <p>Genetic mutations and environmental factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the diversity of species within a particular region?

    <p>Species Diversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which organisms that are better suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce?

    <p>Natural Selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the ability of an organism to survive and breed in its environment?

    <p>Adaptation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of reduced biodiversity?

    <p>Reduced ecosystem resilience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary driving force behind the formation of new species?

    <p>Natural selection and mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of evolution occurs when species evolve similar adaptations due to living in similar environments?

    <p>Convergent evolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of biodiversity?

    <p>Species Diversity and Genetic Diversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which a new species emerges from an existing one?

    <p>Speciation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a phylogenetic tree?

    <p>To show the evolutionary history of an organism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of adaptive radiation?

    <p>The adaptation of ancestral organisms to new environments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the characteristics of an organism that are inherited from its parents?

    <p>Genes and Chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary way that genetic variation is introduced into a population?

    <p>Mutations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which genetic information is shuffled during gamete formation?

    <p>Meiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between analogous and homologous structures?

    <p>Their evolutionary origin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the change in genetic diversity of a population due to chance events?

    <p>Genetic drift</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of resistance in bacteria and other organisms?

    <p>Random mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the movement of individuals with certain traits into or out of a population?

    <p>Gene flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final stage of speciation?

    <p>Reproductive isolation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which individuals with certain traits are more likely to survive and reproduce?

    <p>Natural selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of evolution occurs when related species evolve similar features despite physical separation?

    <p>Parallel evolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a biotic selective pressure?

    <p>Competition for resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of an abiotic selective pressure?

    <p>Temperature fluctuations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does it typically take for natural selection to result in observable changes in a population?

    <p>Several generations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of antibiotic resistance?

    <p>Most nonresistant organisms die, leaving mainly resistant organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a problem caused by the extinction of a species?

    <p>Loss of genetic information or alleles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is being done to prevent extinction?

    <p>Establishing national parks and botanical gardens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Is extinction permanent?

    <p>No, it is possible to revive an extinct species using DNA technology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is artificial selection?

    <p>Human intervention causing selective pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of artificial selection?

    <p>Selective breeding of domestic animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be a consequence of artificial selection?

    <p>Reduced variation and biodiversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a goal of protecting existing areas?

    <p>To prevent extinction and preserve genetic information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Evolution & Natural Selection

    • Biodiversity refers to the variety of species, genetic diversity, and ecosystem diversity on Earth
      • Species diversity: different species in an ecosystem
      • Genetic diversity: variation within a species or population
    • Variation occurs in species and populations due to genes and chromosomes inherited from parents, genetic mutations, and environmental factors
    • Adaptations are traits that help an organism survive and breed in its environment
      • Structural adaptations (e.g., fur)
      • Functional adaptations (e.g., making venom)
      • Behavioural adaptations (e.g., courtship displays)

    Classification

    • Classification is the process of grouping living things based on their shared characteristics and genetics
    • Taxonomy is the system of classification
    • There are 9 main ranks in taxonomy: Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
    • Each species has a unique scientific name to avoid confusion

    Species & Variation

    • A species is a group of organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring
    • Variation within a species can occur through genetic mutations and meiosis
    • Genetic drift and gene flow can affect genetic diversity within a population
    • Selection determines which variations or traits will provide an individual with an increased chance of surviving over others

    Natural Selection & Evolution

    • Natural selection leads to evolution over many generations
    • Speciation is the formation of a new species
    • Types of evolution:
      • Divergent evolution: species evolve differently in separate environments
      • Adaptive radiation: ancestral organisms adapt to new environments
      • Convergent evolution: organisms evolve similar adaptations in different environments
      • Parallel evolution: related species evolve similar features in different locations
    • Phylogenetic trees represent evolutionary relationships among organisms

    Resistance & Extinction

    • Resistance can occur when a random mutation creates resistance to a selective pressure (e.g., antibiotics)
    • Extinction occurs when a species is unable to adapt to changes in its environment
    • Problems with extinction include loss of genetic information, removal of a species from its food web, and loss of potential food crops
    • Conservation efforts include national parks, botanical gardens, and zoos to protect and preserve species and their habitats

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    Description

    Learn about the levels of classification, species definition, variation, and natural selection leading to evolution. Understand the consequences of reduced biodiversity and how it affects populations.

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