Evolution Biology: Natural Selection & Speciation

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Questions and Answers

What is the term for the ability to survive and reproduce in a specific environment?

  • Speciation
  • Adaptation
  • Natural Selection
  • Fitness (correct)

According to Darwin, which individuals survive and reproduce?

  • Those best adapted for their environment (correct)
  • Those with the longest necks
  • Those with the strongest physical features
  • Those with the shortest necks

What is the term for the process of a new species emerging?

  • Fitness
  • Adaptation
  • Natural Selection
  • Speciation (correct)

What is the term for an inherited characteristic that helps an organism survive in its environment?

<p>Adaptation (C)</p>
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What is the term for a diagram that shows evolutionary relationships between organisms?

<p>Phylogenetic tree (D)</p>
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What is the term for a species that has become extinct?

<p>Extinct (A)</p>
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What is the term for the change in allele frequencies in a population due to chance events?

<p>Genetic drift (C)</p>
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What is the term for the movement of organisms into or out of a population, leading to a change in allele frequencies?

<p>Gene flow (B)</p>
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What is the term for the process by which a change in one organism leads to a change in another organism?

<p>Coevolution (C)</p>
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What is the term for the classification system that uses a hierarchical structure, with genus and species?

<p>Scientific Name (B)</p>
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What is the term for the period of little change in a species, followed by rapid change?

<p>Punctuated Equilibrium (B)</p>
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What is the term for the process by which a species changes into a new species over time?

<p>Evolution (A)</p>
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What happens to energy as it moves up the pyramid?

<p>10% is passed to the next level and 90% is given off as thermal energy (D)</p>
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What is the role of a producer in a food chain?

<p>To produce energy through photosynthesis (B)</p>
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What is the difference between primary and secondary succession?

<p>Primary succession occurs in areas with no life, while secondary succession occurs in areas with existing life (B)</p>
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What type of organism is a grasshopper in a food chain?

<p>Primary consumer (B)</p>
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What happens to toxins as they move up the pyramid?

<p>They increase in amount (A)</p>
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What is the term for the first organisms to grow in an area?

<p>Pioneer organisms (C)</p>
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What is the process by which water vapor leaves plants through stomata?

<p>Transpiration (A)</p>
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What is the term for the process by which nitrogen in the atmosphere is converted into a usable form?

<p>Nitrogen fixation (D)</p>
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What is the term for a cell without a nucleus?

<p>Prokaryote (C)</p>
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What is the term for the vascular tissue that transports water and nutrients from the roots to the rest of the plant?

<p>Xylem (D)</p>
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What is the term for the response of plants to light?

<p>Phototropism (C)</p>
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What is the term for the system that transports messages, receives, and coordinates messages in the human body?

<p>Nervous system (C)</p>
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What is the term for an organism that maintains a constant internal body temperature, regardless of the environment?

<p>Endotherm (C)</p>
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Which of the following biotic factors would NOT limit the size of a population?

<p>Light (C)</p>
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What type of relationship exists between a hummingbird and a flower when the hummingbird feeds on the flower's nectar?

<p>Mutualism (D)</p>
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What is the term for an organism that obtains its energy by eating other organisms?

<p>Heterotroph (D)</p>
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What is the term for the place in which an organism lives out its life?

<p>Habitat (C)</p>
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What type of organism is a grasshopper, in terms of its feeding behavior?

<p>Consumer (D)</p>
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