14 Questions
What are the three factors of the epidemiological triad?
The three factors of the epidemiological triad are agent, host, and environment.
What are the possible outcomes of the pathogenesis phase?
The final outcomes of the pathogenesis phase may include recovery, disability, or death.
How is the natural history of disease best established?
By cohort studies.
What role does the epidemiologist play in understanding the natural history of disease?
By studying the natural history of disease in the community setting, the epidemiologist fills gaps in knowledge about disease progression.
What does the term 'natural history of disease' signify in epidemiology?
The way in which a disease evolves over time from the earliest stage of its prepathogenesis phase to its termination as recovery, disability or death, in the absence of treatment or prevention.
Why is it mentioned that any general formulation of the natural history of disease is necessarily arbitrary?
Each disease has its own unique natural history, which may vary among individuals.
How is the natural history of disease best established according to the text?
By cohort studies.
What distinguishes what a physician sees in the hospital from the natural history of disease?
What the physician sees is just an 'episode' in the natural history of disease.
Why is a schematic diagram of the natural history of disease shown in the text?
To understand the pathogenetic chain of events for a particular disease and for the application of preventive measures.
What is the prepathogenesis phase of disease?
The prepathogenesis phase refers to the period preliminary to the onset of disease in man, where the disease agent has not yet entered man but the factors favoring its interaction with the human host are already existing in the environment.
What determines the distribution of disease in the community according to the text?
The agent, host, and environment operating in combination determine not only the onset of disease but also the distribution of disease in the community.
Describe the events that occur in the pathogenesis phase of infectious diseases.
The pathogenesis phase in infectious diseases begins with the entry of the disease agent into the susceptible human host. The agent multiplies, induces tissue and physiological changes, progresses through incubation, early and late pathogenesis, and can lead to recovery, disability, or death.
How can the pathogenesis phase be modified in infectious diseases?
Intervention measures such as immunization and chemotherapy can modify the pathogenesis phase in infectious diseases.
In chronic diseases, what is the early phase of pathogenesis referred to as?
In chronic diseases, the early pathogenesis phase is referred to as the presymptomatic phase.
Explore the concept of natural history of disease in epidemiology, which involves understanding how a disease progresses over time in the absence of treatment. Learn about the stages from prepathogenesis to recovery, disability, or death, as influenced by the interaction between humans, disease agents, and the environment.
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