Podcast
Questions and Answers
Match the natural hazard terms with their corresponding definitions:
Match the natural hazard terms with their corresponding definitions:
Natural Hazards = Events that can cause harm or damage to people and property Disasters = Severe disruptions that exceed the capacity of the affected community Economic Losses = Financial impacts resulting from natural hazards Predictive Uncertainty = Inability to accurately forecast hazardous events
Match the examples of natural hazards with their respective impacts:
Match the examples of natural hazards with their respective impacts:
1995 Kobe Earthquake = Took more than 5,000 lives Hurricane = Causes widespread flooding and destruction Tsunami = Can lead to massive property damage in coastal areas Wildfire = Results in loss of vegetation and wildlife habitat
Match the methods used in studying natural hazards with their purposes:
Match the methods used in studying natural hazards with their purposes:
Survivor Accounts = Provide personal insights into the impact of hazards Professional Analyses = Offer unbiased assessments based on expertise Case Studies = Illustrate specific points through real examples Predictive Models = Help forecast potential hazardous events
Match the types of losses associated with natural hazards:
Match the types of losses associated with natural hazards:
Match the characteristics of natural hazards with their implications:
Match the characteristics of natural hazards with their implications:
Match the key reasons for studying natural hazards with their explanations:
Match the key reasons for studying natural hazards with their explanations:
Match the components of a response strategy to natural hazards with their roles:
Match the components of a response strategy to natural hazards with their roles:
Match each disaster with its corresponding key fact:
Match each disaster with its corresponding key fact:
Match the following disasters with their impact:
Match the following disasters with their impact:
Match the year to the respective disaster event:
Match the year to the respective disaster event:
Match the casualty numbers to the corresponding disaster:
Match the casualty numbers to the corresponding disaster:
Match the location with its associated disaster:
Match the location with its associated disaster:
Match the disaster to its specific characteristics:
Match the disaster to its specific characteristics:
Match the hurricane to its descriptors:
Match the hurricane to its descriptors:
Match each event to its reported damages:
Match each event to its reported damages:
Match the disasters mentioned to their respective regions:
Match the disasters mentioned to their respective regions:
Match the natural disasters with their geographic locations:
Match the natural disasters with their geographic locations:
Match the natural disaster with its significant impacts:
Match the natural disaster with its significant impacts:
Match the natural disasters with their occurrence dates:
Match the natural disasters with their occurrence dates:
Match the natural disasters with the type of weather they involved:
Match the natural disasters with the type of weather they involved:
Match the humanitarian effects of the disasters with the corresponding numbers:
Match the humanitarian effects of the disasters with the corresponding numbers:
Match the natural disasters with their leading causes or contributing factors:
Match the natural disasters with their leading causes or contributing factors:
Match the disasters with their intensity or classification:
Match the disasters with their intensity or classification:
Match the regions affected by disasters with the type of disaster:
Match the regions affected by disasters with the type of disaster:
Match the months with when the natural disasters occurred:
Match the months with when the natural disasters occurred:
What is one major reason for studying natural hazards according to the course context?
What is one major reason for studying natural hazards according to the course context?
Which historical event is mentioned to illustrate the severe consequences of natural hazards?
Which historical event is mentioned to illustrate the severe consequences of natural hazards?
What method is emphasized for providing unbiased analyses of natural hazards in the course?
What method is emphasized for providing unbiased analyses of natural hazards in the course?
What type of examples will primarily be used throughout the course to illustrate key concepts?
What type of examples will primarily be used throughout the course to illustrate key concepts?
Which of the following statements is true regarding the predictability of natural hazards?
Which of the following statements is true regarding the predictability of natural hazards?
What significant economic impact was reported from the 1995 Kobe earthquake?
What significant economic impact was reported from the 1995 Kobe earthquake?
What challenge is frequently faced in terms of evaluating losses from natural hazards?
What challenge is frequently faced in terms of evaluating losses from natural hazards?
What is a significant challenge in predicting economic losses from natural disasters?
What is a significant challenge in predicting economic losses from natural disasters?
Which of the following statements correctly describes the 1995 Kobe earthquake?
Which of the following statements correctly describes the 1995 Kobe earthquake?
Which disaster among the listed options is characterized by severe landslide effects in Kerala, India?
Which disaster among the listed options is characterized by severe landslide effects in Kerala, India?
What type of natural disaster did Hurricane Helene represent?
What type of natural disaster did Hurricane Helene represent?
What role do survivor accounts play in the study of natural hazards?
What role do survivor accounts play in the study of natural hazards?
Which factor contributed to the severity of Hurricane Helene?
Which factor contributed to the severity of Hurricane Helene?
Which of the following disasters is associated with the damage of over 178,000 structures?
Which of the following disasters is associated with the damage of over 178,000 structures?
What aspect of natural hazards has proved to be challenging according to the course content?
What aspect of natural hazards has proved to be challenging according to the course content?
Which natural disaster resulted in significant flooding in Brazil?
Which natural disaster resulted in significant flooding in Brazil?
What was the primary reason Columbia had to reverse its climate plan during the droughts?
What was the primary reason Columbia had to reverse its climate plan during the droughts?
Which of the following events had the highest death toll?
Which of the following events had the highest death toll?
What category did Hurricane Milton reach at its peak intensity?
What category did Hurricane Milton reach at its peak intensity?
What was the direct aftermath of the droughts in Columbia in terms of electricity generation?
What was the direct aftermath of the droughts in Columbia in terms of electricity generation?
How many tornadoes and hail were reported as part of Hurricane Milton's effects?
How many tornadoes and hail were reported as part of Hurricane Milton's effects?
Which country was directly affected by both the Chile Wildfires and the Brazil Floods?
Which country was directly affected by both the Chile Wildfires and the Brazil Floods?
What environmental factor exacerbated the wildfires in central Chile?
What environmental factor exacerbated the wildfires in central Chile?
Which natural disaster resulted in the largest monetary damage?
Which natural disaster resulted in the largest monetary damage?
What percentage of days experienced extreme heat during India’s heat waves?
What percentage of days experienced extreme heat during India’s heat waves?
Flashcards
Natural hazards
Natural hazards
Events caused by natural processes that pose a threat to human life and property.
Natural disasters
Natural disasters
Events caused by natural hazards that result in significant damage, loss of life, and disruption.
Natural hazard science
Natural hazard science
The study of natural hazards and disasters, including their causes, impacts, and mitigation strategies.
Predictability of a hazard
Predictability of a hazard
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Controllability of a hazard
Controllability of a hazard
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Use of examples in natural hazard studies
Use of examples in natural hazard studies
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Case studies in natural hazard science
Case studies in natural hazard science
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Hurricane Milton
Hurricane Milton
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Super Typhoon Yagi
Super Typhoon Yagi
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India Heat Waves
India Heat Waves
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Chile Wildfires
Chile Wildfires
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Brazil Floods
Brazil Floods
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Columbia Droughts
Columbia Droughts
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Hurricane Helene
Hurricane Helene
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El Niño
El Niño
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Hydroelectricity
Hydroelectricity
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What is the main focus of this course?
What is the main focus of this course?
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What is a natural hazard?
What is a natural hazard?
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What is a natural disaster?
What is a natural disaster?
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Why is the 1995 Kobe earthquake significant?
Why is the 1995 Kobe earthquake significant?
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What are the economic impacts of natural disasters?
What are the economic impacts of natural disasters?
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What is the significance of the listed examples of 2024 disasters?
What is the significance of the listed examples of 2024 disasters?
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What is the significance of the Kerala landslides?
What is the significance of the Kerala landslides?
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What is the significance of the Japan earthquake?
What is the significance of the Japan earthquake?
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What is the significance of Hurricane Helene?
What is the significance of Hurricane Helene?
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Why Study Natural Hazards?
Why Study Natural Hazards?
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Impact of Natural Hazards
Impact of Natural Hazards
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Predictability of Natural Hazards
Predictability of Natural Hazards
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Use of Examples in Hazard Study
Use of Examples in Hazard Study
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Course Objectives
Course Objectives
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Canadian Examples in the Course
Canadian Examples in the Course
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Scientific Expertise in the Course
Scientific Expertise in the Course
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Predicting natural hazards
Predicting natural hazards
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Controlling natural hazards
Controlling natural hazards
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Examples used in hazard studies
Examples used in hazard studies
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Case studies in hazard science
Case studies in hazard science
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Why is the 1995 Kobe Earthquake important?
Why is the 1995 Kobe Earthquake important?
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Economic impacts of natural disasters
Economic impacts of natural disasters
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What happened in Kerala landslides?
What happened in Kerala landslides?
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Why is the Japan earthquake significant?
Why is the Japan earthquake significant?
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Impact of the Columbia Droughts
Impact of the Columbia Droughts
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Impact of India Heat Waves
Impact of India Heat Waves
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Impact of Chile Wildfires
Impact of Chile Wildfires
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Study Notes
Natural Hazards and Disasters
- Natural hazards and disasters cause significant property damage, injury, and death. Economic losses are often substantial and unpredictable.
- The 1995 Kobe Japan earthquake illustrates the devastating impact, with over 5,000 fatalities, thousands of destroyed buildings, and over $100 billion in damage (1995 prices).
- Canadian examples of hazards & disasters are used for context and analysis. Survivor/witness accounts and scientific expertise are employed.
- 2024 examples of extreme weather include: Kerala landslides, Japan earthquake, Hurricanes Helene & Milton, Super Typhoon Yagi, Columbia droughts, India heat waves, Chile wildfires, and Brazil floods.
Kerala Landslides
- Kerala, a state in southwest India, has some areas below sea level. Severe landslides struck hilly areas on July 30, 2024, ranking as one of the worst disasters in recent memory.
- Over 200 deaths and hundreds more were buried, necessitating extensive army rescue efforts.
Japan Earthquake
- Japan's Noto Peninsula experienced a 7.7 magnitude earthquake on January 1, 2024.
- The disaster resulted in 504 deaths, over 1,300 injuries from the main shock, and 178,270 damaged structures. These events highlight earthquake preparedness issues.
Hurricanes Helene and Milton
- Hurricane Helene, a Category 4 hurricane, hit Florida, Cuba, and Mexico in September 2024. 232 people were killed and damage exceeded $22 billion.
- Hurricane Milton, initially a Category 5 hurricane that weakened to a Category 3, struck the west coast of Florida in late October 2024. High winds and rain caused significant damage. 32 deaths occurred in the US and 3 in Mexico.
Super Typhoon Yagi
- Super Typhoon Yagi, one of the most powerful storms in Southeast Asia and China's history, affected the Philippines, Hong Kong, China, Vietnam, and Macau.
- It resulted in 844 deaths, 2,279 injuries, and damage exceeding $16.9 billion.
- The typhoon caused numerous landslides.
Columbia Droughts
- Severe drought and record-breaking heat affected the Amazon River basin in Columbia from mid-2023 onwards.
- Colombia's reliance on hydroelectricity (66%) forced a shift towards fossil fuels (up to 40%) due to extremely low reservoir water levels (53% capacity).
India Heat Waves
- India experienced a record-breaking heat wave in 93% of days (255/274) starting in May 2024.
- The extreme heat led to over 3,200 deaths in the first 9 months of 2024.
Chile Wildfires
- Massive wildfires in central Chile in February 2024, worsened by El Niño and dry weather, killed over 130 people.
Brazil Floods
- Heavy rains at the end of April 2024 caused record floods in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
- Over 180 people died, ~500,000 were displaced, and over 77,000 sought refuge in public shelters.
Canadian Natural Hazards
- Canada faces various natural hazards, including earthquakes, icebergs, sea ice, fog, tsunamis, storm surges, floods, landslides, snow avalanches, volcanic eruptions, hail, tornadoes, and winter storms.
Annual Costs to Canada
- Canadian Disaster Financial Assistance Arrangements (DFAA) spent $486 million (2016-17), $495 million (2017-18), and $310 million (2018-19) to assist after fires, floods, ice storms, and similar disasters.
- Severe weather alone cost $1.3 billion in insured damages in 2019-2020.
- Climate-related incidents have doubled in cost over the last decade.
Top Expensive Canadian Disasters
- Major natural disasters (by insured costs) include the Fort McMurray wildfires (2016), Eastern ice storm (1998), Southern Alberta floods (2013), and Alberta hailstorm (2020).
- Other significant events include the Toronto flood (2013, 2005), Ontario-Quebec thunderstorm (2022), Ontario windstorm (2018), British Columbia flood (2021), and Hurricane Fiona (2022).
DFAA Problems
- Canada lacks a comprehensive study on the economic impacts of natural disasters.
- The DFAA program, established in 1970, needs a review.
- Coordination with provinces and territories is crucial for program implementation and maintenance.
- The incidence and severity of natural disasters have increased despite tripling the thresholds in 2015.
DFAA Equity Issues
- Horizontal equity: Disaster compensation disparities exist between lower-risk and higher-risk areas; provincial claim sizes differ.
- Vertical equity: The program's exclusion of luxury assets and payout caps in most provinces target lower-income property owners. Delays in payments disproportionately impact low-income owners.
- Flood coverage should be mandatory in home insurance, with subsidies in high-risk areas. Mandatory buyouts in the highest-risk areas are recommended.
- The DFAA process involves a cyclical system of requests, approvals, payments and audits, with timelines for each step..
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