64 Questions
What is the primary cause of tsunamis?
Underwater earthquakes
Which sphere of Earth consists of all solid lands in the crust and is considered abiotic?
Geosphere
What is the composition of water in Earth's hydrosphere?
Two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom
Which layer of the Earth is described as brittle, composed of many rocks, metals, and minerals?
Crust
What causes earthquakes, volcanoes, and other seismic activity in the Earth's crust?
Convection current in the mantle
Which sphere of Earth contains all the water found on Earth and includes rivers, streams, and oceans?
Hydrosphere
What is considered the only sphere that comprises living organisms on Earth?
Biosphere
What is the primary reason for the formation of Earth's layers?
Gravity pulling dense material to the center
What is the composition of the Earth's crust?
Overall granitic composition
Which layer of Earth is responsible for creating the magnetic field?
Outer core
What type of waves are P waves?
Compressional or longitudinal waves
Which scientist first proposed the theory of Pangaea?
Alfred Wegener
What concept describes the movement of Earth's tectonic plates?
Plate tectonics
What drives the movement of tectonic plates according to plate tectonics theory?
Convection currents from the Earth's core
Which type of evidence do geologists use to study Earth's interior directly?
'Rock samples' evidence
'Whole earth' is the meaning of which term?
'Pangaea'
'Drifting' refers to what process according to the text?
'Continental movement'
What is the critical point on a phase diagram?
The point where a liquid and vapor are indistinguishable
What happens during a combination reaction?
Two or more reactants combine to form a single product
What type of reaction involves swapping ions between two ionic compounds?
Double-replacement reaction
Which subatomic particle has a positive charge?
Proton
What is the atomic number of an element based on?
The number of protons in the nucleus
What does the mass number of an atom depend on?
Whether it's an isotope or not
What gives scientists clues about the Earth's interior and how earthquakes are caused?
Earthquakes
'During a chemical reaction, matter (atoms) is neither created nor destroyed.' This statement relates to which law of chemistry?
Conservation of Mass
'Atoms are simply rearranged to create something different.' This statement emphasizes the law of:
Definite Proportions
Which state of matter has low energy, high density, definite volume, and definite shape?
Solid
What is the process called when a gas/vapor loses energy or gains pressure to move to a liquid state?
Condensation
At which state of matter does matter have high energy, low density, indefinite volume, and indefinite shape?
Gas
What is the term for the process of changing from a liquid to a vapor?
Evaporation
Which phase change involves skipping the liquid state and directly changing from a solid to a gas?
Sublimation
In which phase change does gas transition to a solid without becoming a liquid first?
Deposition
Which phase change involves going from a solid to a liquid?
Melting
What characteristic distinguishes a plasma from other states of matter?
Indefinite shape
Which phase change involves gas transitioning directly to a solid without becoming a liquid first?
Deposition
What happens during the process of ionization?
Gas changes to ions
In which phase change does a gas or vapor lose energy to transition to a liquid state?
Evaporation
What is the primary factor that drives phase changes in matter?
Pressure and energy
Which phase of matter has high energy, low density, indefinite volume, and indefinite shape?
Gas
What is sublimation in terms of phase change?
Solid to gas
What defines the characteristic of having moderate energy and moderate density in matter?
Liquid state
During which phase change does a gas transition back into a solid skipping the liquid state?
Deposition
What defines the characteristic of low energy, high density, definite volume, and definite shape in matter?
Solid state
What is the primary function of the biosphere?
Maintain the climate on Earth
Which sphere of Earth contains every molecule of water found on Earth?
Hydrosphere
What is the composition of the Earth's atmosphere?
All air on Earth
What is the mantle composed of?
Molten rock and minerals
Which layer of the Earth's core is liquid iron at extremely high temperatures?
Outer core
What connects rooted plants to all four spheres to thrive?
Root systems
How do volcanoes provide a glimpse of the Earth's interior?
By emitting lava and detritus during an eruption
What happens during a double-replacement reaction?
Two ionic compounds swap ions to form different substances
Which type of reaction always involves a pure substance and an ionic compound as reactants?
Single-replacement reaction
What is the critical point on a phase diagram?
The point where vapor and liquid are indistinguishable
What is formed when a system reaches a certain temperature and pressure where all three phases can coexist together?
Triple point
Which subatomic particle has no charge and a weight of 1 amu in the nucleus of an atom?
Neutron
What is the primary difference between an exothermic and endothermic reaction?
Exothermic releases energy, endothermic absorbs energy
What does the atomic number of an element represent?
Number of protons in the nucleus
What is the main composition of the Earth's crust?
Granitic
Which layer of the Earth is responsible for the movement of tectonic plates?
Mantle
What is the primary component of Earth's outer core?
Iron and nickel
Which type of seismic waves are capable of moving through both solid and liquid materials?
P waves
What drives the movement of tectonic plates according to plate tectonics theory?
Convection currents in the mantle
Which scientist proposed the theory of Pangaea and continental drift?
Alfred Wegener
What data did Alfred Wegener use to support his theory of continental drift?
Shape of coastlines
Explore the causes and impact of tsunamis caused by underwater earthquakes, and understand how volcanoes are formed by mantle plumes pushing through the Earth's crust. Learn about the destructive forces of nature with this quiz.
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