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Questions and Answers
What significant outcome resulted from the Treaty of Berlin in 1878?
What significant outcome resulted from the Treaty of Berlin in 1878?
What was one major consequence of the Indian Rebellion of 1857?
What was one major consequence of the Indian Rebellion of 1857?
Which event ended the Ghost Dance Movement among Native Americans?
Which event ended the Ghost Dance Movement among Native Americans?
Who led the rebellion in Peru against Spanish colonial rule in the late 18th century?
Who led the rebellion in Peru against Spanish colonial rule in the late 18th century?
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What was the primary intention behind the Proclamation of 1763 from the perspective of Native Americans?
What was the primary intention behind the Proclamation of 1763 from the perspective of Native Americans?
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What was the result of French intervention in Mexico during the 1860s?
What was the result of French intervention in Mexico during the 1860s?
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What was a key characteristic of the Indian National Congress when it was founded in 1885?
What was a key characteristic of the Indian National Congress when it was founded in 1885?
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Which leaders were involved in resisting French colonialism in Vietnam?
Which leaders were involved in resisting French colonialism in Vietnam?
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Which of the following was a key factor contributing to the success of the Sokoto Caliphate in resisting British colonization?
Which of the following was a key factor contributing to the success of the Sokoto Caliphate in resisting British colonization?
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What was the main purpose of the Xhosa Cattle-Killing Movement?
What was the main purpose of the Xhosa Cattle-Killing Movement?
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Which of these conflicts is NOT an example of resistance against European imperialism?
Which of these conflicts is NOT an example of resistance against European imperialism?
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What significant outcome did the Yaa Asantewaa War have for the Asante people?
What significant outcome did the Yaa Asantewaa War have for the Asante people?
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Which of the following statements best describes a common outcome of indigenous resistance to imperialism in the period 1750-1900?
Which of the following statements best describes a common outcome of indigenous resistance to imperialism in the period 1750-1900?
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Which of the following is NOT a reason why indigenous resistance movements were often unsuccessful against European powers?
Which of the following is NOT a reason why indigenous resistance movements were often unsuccessful against European powers?
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The Treaty of Waitangi was significant because it:
The Treaty of Waitangi was significant because it:
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Which of the following is NOT true of the Philippine-American War (1899-1902)?
Which of the following is NOT true of the Philippine-American War (1899-1902)?
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Study Notes
Nationalist Movements in the Balkans
- Ottoman Empire's European territories in the Balkans faced fragmentation by the 19th century.
- Ethnic nationalism spurred independence movements, notably in Serbia (1815) and Greece (1832).
- The Treaty of Berlin (1878) granted independence to Bulgaria, Romania, and Montenegro but also placed Bosnia and Herzegovina under Austria-Hungary.
Resistance and Rebellion in the Americas
- North America: The Proclamation of 1763, aimed at protecting Native American land, was challenged by U.S. expansion following independence. The Cherokee Nation's assimilation efforts were undermined by the Indian Removal Act (1830) and the Trail of Tears.
- Ghost Dance Movement: A spiritual movement aiming to restore Native American lands and traditions faced the Wounded Knee Massacre (1890) after intensifying.
- Túpac Amaru II: Led a rebellion against Spanish rule in Peru (1780), inspired by Inca heritage and Enlightenment ideals, but was executed.
French Intervention in Mexico
- Mexico's debt and political instability post-Reform War (1857-1861) attracted French intervention.
- Napoleon III installed Archduke Maximilian as Emperor of Mexico (1864) to promote French influence.
- Mexican resistance, combined with U.S. pressure, forced French withdrawal. Maximilian was executed (1867), restoring the Mexican republic under Juárez.
South Asian Movements
- Indian Rebellion of 1857 (Sepoy Mutiny): British use of greased cartridges (animal fat) ignited a rebellion that challenged British authority, marking the start of Indian nationalism.
- Indian National Congress (1885): British-educated Indians formed this organization to pursue self-rule, initially dominated by Hindus.
Southeast Asian Resistance
- Vietnam: French colonialism encountered resistance from leaders like Ham Nghi and Phan Dinh Phung (1884-1895).
- Philippines: José Rizal and the Liga Filipina challenged Spanish rule. The Philippine Revolution (1896) and Spanish-American War (1898) resulted in U.S. control. This resulted in the Philippine-American War (1899-1902), ending with U.S. victory and continued resistance until 1906.
Resistance in Australia and New Zealand
- Australia: British colonization (1788) saw significant Indigenous displacement and loss of life due to failure to recognize Aboriginal people as British subjects.
- New Zealand: The Treaty of Waitangi (1840) promised Maori land rights but was ultimately breached as British settlement led to conflicts, resulting in Maori land loss by 1900.
African Resistance
- Sokoto Caliphate: Established by Usman dan Fodio (1804), resisted British colonization until 1903.
- Xhosa Cattle-Killing Movement (1856-1857): A spiritual movement amongst the Xhosa resulted in the slaughter of their cattle in an attempt to drive out British settlers, leading to famine.
- Zulu Kingdom: Resisted British colonization in the Anglo-Zulu War (1879) but was defeated.
- Samory Touré: Fought French expansion in West Africa (1868-1898) and was captured.
- Mahdist Revolt: Led by Muhammad Ahmad in Sudan (1881-1898), it resisted Egypt and British rule.
- Yaa Asantewaa War (1900): The Asante queen led a rebellion to protect the Golden Stool against British demands, but was ultimately defeated.
Key Themes and Outcomes
- Anti-Imperial Resistance: Indigenous people engaged in various forms of resistance to imperial rule (rebellion, spiritual movements).
- New States: Some resistance efforts led to the establishment of new states or self-governance measures.
- Impact of Imperialism: Resistance often failed against superior European military technology, but it promoted nationalism and laid the groundwork for future independence movements.
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Description
Explore the key nationalist movements in the Balkans and the resistance against colonial rule in the Americas. Examine the fragmentation of the Ottoman Empire, the independence struggles in Serbia and Greece, and the impact of U.S. expansion on Native American communities. This quiz highlights crucial events and figures, including the Ghost Dance Movement and Túpac Amaru II's rebellion.
