Nationalism: Fascism & Nazism

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What does Civic Nationalism primarily emphasize?

Ethnic homogeneity and tradition

Freedom, democracy, and civility (correct)

Historical claims to territories

Cultural unity and heritage

Which of the following best describes Ethnic Nationalism?

Centers around culture, language, and lineage (correct)

Seeks to promote international cooperation and unity

Emphasizes legal and constitutional frameworks

Focuses on political ideologies and institutions

What is an example of a manifestation of nationalism?

Censorship of foreign media (correct)

Promotion of global trade

Relaxation of immigration laws

Encouragement of multiculturalism

Irredentism involves which of the following?

Claiming territory based on historical ownership Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a consequence of nationalism?

Oppression of minority groups Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant outcome of the French Revolution in relation to nationalism?

It established the concept of civil religion as a form of nationalism. Signup and view all the answers

Which group exemplifies nationalist self-determination for nations without states?

The Quebecois Signup and view all the answers

What is a key tension between nationalism and liberalism?

Liberalism seeks to enhance individual rights while nationalism emphasizes state power. Signup and view all the answers

What is one key tenet of feminism as defined by Lorraine Code?

Understanding power structures that disadvantage women. Signup and view all the answers

Which wave of feminism is characterized by the focus on women being recognized as fully human and holders of rights?

First Wave Signup and view all the answers

What aspect does the ideological spectrum of feminism include?

Environmental and postmodern feminist theories. Signup and view all the answers

In feminist philosophy, what is a primary assumption about equal rights for women?

Women will achieve equality through legal recognition. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately reflects the shift in women's roles during World War II?

Women took over jobs from men but were required to give them up after the war. Signup and view all the answers

What does patriarchy primarily denote in the context of feminism?

A societal framework that prioritizes men's power over women's. Signup and view all the answers

What major social movement characterized the Second Wave of feminism in the late 1960s?

Advocacy for equal pay and reproductive rights. Signup and view all the answers

What key issue was addressed by Agnes Macphail beyond becoming the first woman elected to Parliament?

Prison reform and advocacy for the Elizabeth Fry Society. Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the philosophical approach that prioritizes human interests in environmental discourse?

Anthropocentrism Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of conservationism in environmental practices?

To manage natural resources for human benefit while ensuring environmental protection Signup and view all the answers

Which concept advocates for the intrinsic moral worth of nature, independent of its usefulness to humans?

Deep Ecology Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following practices is likely a key component of human welfare ecology as described in the content?

Addressing the negative impacts of pesticides on wildlife and environment Signup and view all the answers

What is the intended outcome of initiatives like the US Yellowstone Park Act and Canada's Banff National Park establishment?

To promote the sustainable use of natural resources alongside ecological protection Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT associated with climate change effects?

Increased biodiversity Signup and view all the answers

According to the information, where did the greatest number of premature deaths from air pollution occur?

South-East Asia Signup and view all the answers

What concept does Garrett Hardin's 'Tragedy of the Commons' primarily illustrate?

Lack of protection for common spaces Signup and view all the answers

What does sustainable development emphasize according to the content provided?

Balancing present needs with future generations' needs Signup and view all the answers

Which factor has been cited as significantly contributing to global warming?

Deforestation Signup and view all the answers

What is one major critique of classical liberal economic assumptions mentioned in the context?

They ignore environmental impacts. Signup and view all the answers

Which entity provided the report stating the global temperature rise and its implications?

NASA Signup and view all the answers

The concept of free market environmentalism focuses on solving which core issue?

Assigning ownership and responsibility for resources Signup and view all the answers

How does extreme weather connect to climate change?

It reflects the influence of human activities on climate. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of populism according to its definition?

Empowering the people against elite influence Signup and view all the answers

Which leader is most associated with right-wing populism in the United States?

Donald Trump Signup and view all the answers

What political movement in Canada is linked with populism following World War I?

United Farmers Association Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best exemplifies the populism movement's criticism?

Opposition to elite groups and interests Signup and view all the answers

What was a major goal of the Populist Party developed in the 1890s?

To address the concerns of discontented farmers Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of populism is reflected in its direct democratic mechanisms?

Mechanisms like referendums and citizen initiatives Signup and view all the answers

Which party was the CCF transformed into after its establishment?

The NDP Signup and view all the answers

What common theme is shared among various populist leaders mentioned?

Critique against immigration Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following ideologies is positioned opposite to populism on the ideological spectrum?

Fascism Signup and view all the answers

What is one significant power of the President concerning legislative recommendations?

The power to recommend legislative proposals to Congress Signup and view all the answers

Which constraint affects the Prime Minister's effectiveness in governance?

Confidence of the House of Commons Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following powers does the President NOT possess?

Power to call an election Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of the President's duties serves as a check on their power?

Veto power that can be overridden by Congress Signup and view all the answers

What role does the construction of checks and balances play in the position of the President?

It ensures that the President cannot unilaterally govern without legislative cooperation Signup and view all the answers

What major power does Congress hold that is restricted for the President?

Authority to declare war Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum number of electoral college votes a candidate needs to win the presidency?

270 Signup and view all the answers

Which state's electoral college votes are split based on the popular vote?

Nebraska Signup and view all the answers

How often are presidential elections held in the United States?

Every 4 years Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum number of years a U.S. president can serve?

8 years Signup and view all the answers

What mechanism allows a Prime Minister to be removed in the parliamentary system?

Vote of confidence Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the U.S. House of Representatives is accurate?

Members are elected for 2-year terms Signup and view all the answers

What is required for the Senate to convict a president in an impeachment trial?

2/3 supermajority Signup and view all the answers

In the context of U.S. elections, what term describes elections occurring between presidential elections?

Midterm elections Signup and view all the answers

What is the total number of electoral college votes in the United States?

538 Signup and view all the answers

In which system of government does the executive have control over the legislative branch in a majority government scenario?

Parliamentary System Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the election process for a President?

Involves a series of state-by-state nomination races Signup and view all the answers

What is a requirement for a Prime Minister to remain in power within a parliamentary system?

Maintaining the confidence of the House Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following systems is characterized by checks and balances between branches of government?

Presidential System Signup and view all the answers

In a parliamentary system, how does a leader become the Prime Minister?

By gaining leadership within their party Signup and view all the answers

What does 'fusion of powers' imply in a parliamentary system?

The executive branch derives authority from the legislative body Signup and view all the answers

How often do presidential elections occur?

Every four years Signup and view all the answers

What primary aspect differentiates presidential elections from parliamentary elections?

The method of electing the leader Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of forming a minority government in a parliamentary system?

Frequent calls for new elections due to lack of confidence Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is essential for a liberal/constitutional democracy to function effectively?

Equality of political rights for all citizens Signup and view all the answers

In the context of liberal/constitutional democracy, what does the term 'tyranny of the majority' refer to?

A situation where the majority enforces its will on the minority Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of political participation is emphasized in liberal/constitutional democracies?

Engagement of all eligible citizens in the political process Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between liberalism and democracy in a constitutional context?

Liberalism protects individual freedoms while promoting self-government. Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant limitation historically concerning the right to vote in liberal democracies?

Voting rights were initially restricted to propertied white males. Signup and view all the answers

Which problem is often associated with liberal/constitutional democracy?

Potential for individual rights to be overridden by majority rule Signup and view all the answers

What is one challenge to achieving equality of political rights in liberal/constitutional democracies?

Societal norms that favor certain groups over others Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the central characteristics of liberal/constitutional democracy that emphasizes citizen involvement?

Voluntary engagement in the democratic process Signup and view all the answers

How do constitutional constraints benefit a liberal democracy?

They prevent arbitrary use of power by the majority. Signup and view all the answers

What ensures the protection of individual rights in liberal/constitutional democracies?

Constitutional rights are enforced through law. Signup and view all the answers

What is a fundamental condition for ensuring the legitimacy of democratic elections?

Regular and frequent elections Signup and view all the answers

In which electoral system does the winning candidate need to receive more votes than any other candidate in a district?

First Past the Post Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes autocratic elections as opposed to democratic ones?

Voters primarily ratify candidates selected by the government Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of electoral system categorized under democratic systems?

Supermajority consensus Signup and view all the answers

Which essential condition for democratic elections involves the ability for different political parties to operate freely?

Political freedom Signup and view all the answers

What is one significant consequence of insufficient voter participation in autocratic elections?

Potential penalties for absentees Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by universal adult suffrage in the context of democratic elections?

All adults allowed to vote regardless of status Signup and view all the answers

Which electoral system allows voters to rank their preferences on the ballot?

Alternative/preferential vote system Signup and view all the answers

Which voting method requires a majority in the first round, but if not achieved, leads to a second round with only the top two candidates?

Majority run-off system Signup and view all the answers

In majority-plurality systems, what is the requirement for the second ballot?

Only a plurality is required Signup and view all the answers

What can occur in an election with more than two candidates in terms of vote distribution and seats?

A party will receive fewer votes and still obtain a higher number of seats. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following exemplifies the issue of underrepresentation in majority electoral systems?

Parties like the NDP facing challenges due to geographically spread support. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statistics illustrates a case of overrepresentation in majority systems?

Seats increasing with minimal vote percentage shifts in significant elections. Signup and view all the answers

What potential issue arises from the structure of majority voting systems?

It can lead to a distorted representation where popular vote does not equate to seats. Signup and view all the answers

Which election result exemplifies the issue of 'more votes, fewer seats'?

BC Liberals in 1996, receiving 2.4% more votes yet obtaining 6 fewer seats. Signup and view all the answers

In electoral systems, what is a consequence of thinly spread votes for certain parties?

These parties often remain underrepresented despite a substantial share of the vote. Signup and view all the answers

How can a landslide victory impact seat distribution in electoral results?

Minor adjustments in vote percentage can lead to drastic changes in seat counts. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'winner take all' imply in the context of electoral systems?

The candidate with the majority of votes claims all the available seats in a district. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes totalitarianism in a governance context?

Complete control over almost all aspects of life Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes traditional authoritarianism?

Power is exercised with predictable constraints based on economic direction. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common feature of hybrid autocratic systems?

Use of electoral fraud and legal maneuvers to maintain control Signup and view all the answers

Which type of authoritarianism is characterized by strong military involvement?

Military authoritarianism Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect is generally associated with authoritarian regimes?

Diminished political pluralism and limited opposition Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes totalitarianism from authoritarianism?

Involvement of mass manipulation for total societal control Signup and view all the answers

How do traditional authoritarian regimes typically come to power?

Often through military coups or political coercion Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic best reflects right-wing authoritarianism?

Emphasis on maintaining the status quo and traditional values Signup and view all the answers

What role do business groups and labor unions play in traditional authoritarian regimes?

Their activities are tolerated as long as they don’t oppose government initiatives. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of totalitarianism as described in the content?

A one-party state that seeks to eradicate all traditional institutions. Signup and view all the answers

Which feature is typically present in transformational authoritarian regimes?

Political recruitment aimed at fostering ideological conformity. Signup and view all the answers

What role does police control play in totalitarianism?

It reinforces power through terroristic methods and manipulation. Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of economic planning is common in totalitarian regimes?

Central control of the economy, often marred by corruption. Signup and view all the answers

How do totalitarian regimes typically handle elections?

They enforce participation but offer no real electoral choice. Signup and view all the answers

In what way did Qaddafi manage foreign involvement in oil extraction?

He allowed foreign workers to manage operations while nationalizing the reserves. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the strategy of 'statism' in authoritarian regimes?

Exercising government control over certain industries Signup and view all the answers

In traditional authoritarianism, what is a common pattern regarding military involvement?

Military serves as a tool for intimidation Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of transformational authoritarianism?

Ideological conformity and centralized planning Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect is commonly associated with the reforms under authoritarian regimes like that of the Shah in Iran?

Specialized economic modernization through education Signup and view all the answers

What is the likely outcome of the limited political mobilization seen in traditional authoritarian regimes?

Prevention of political instability Signup and view all the answers

What defines the 'official ideology' within transformational authoritarian regimes?

Conformity with a socialist or Islamist agenda Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following exemplifies the military's political role in authoritarian regimes?

Using force to manage dissent and maintain order Signup and view all the answers

Which factor often limits the transformative goals of authoritarian regimes?

Practical limitations encountered in execution Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant feature of the economic strategies employed by authoritarian regimes?

Centralized economic planning mechanisms Signup and view all the answers

What role do political parties primarily play in maintaining government accountability in a democratic system?

Facilitate feedback and communication between citizens and government Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes a mass party?

A party that relies on a broad base of dues-paying members and has a strong organization Signup and view all the answers

In political party systems, which type of system allows multiple political parties to compete for power?

Multi-party system Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a primary role of political parties?

Conducting legislative proposals without party involvement Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes interest groups from political parties?

Interest groups primarily engage in influencing specific policies rather than running candidates Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes self-interest groups from public interest groups?

Self-interest groups prioritize members' needs over broader goals. Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is NOT typical of institutional interest groups?

Lashed to only informal volunteer networks. Signup and view all the answers

How has the influence of interest groups increased in recent times?

Advancements in technology aiding communication and organization. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an associational interest group?

The Canadian Medical Association representing physicians. Signup and view all the answers

What primarily characterizes issue-oriented or spontaneous interest groups?

They arise in response to specific, often short-term issues. Signup and view all the answers

What defines a cadre party in terms of its organizational structure and focus?

A loosely organized party focused on electing legislative members with local support. Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is typical of pragmatic/electoral-professional parties?

They prioritize winning elections over strict adherence to ideological principles. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes programmatic/ideological parties from pragmatic parties?

Their policies are primarily based on ideological principles rather than electoral gains. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of political party seeks to directly implement policies rather than just influence governments?

Interest parties Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining feature of personalistic parties?

They focus on a single leader, often lacking a cohesive party structure. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes brokerage parties?

They seek broad compromises to accommodate various interests to win majorities. Signup and view all the answers

How do programmatic/ideological and interest parties differ in their electoral strategy?

Programmatic parties offer clear ideological options, while interest parties focus on specific policies. Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic best defines a movement party?

It aims for profound societal transformation. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best exemplifies a one-party system?

Communist Party in the USSR. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of two-party systems?

Two primary parties competing, often with minor parties existing. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a one-party-dominant system?

Multiple parties compete but one consistently wins. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a multi-party system from other party systems?

There are three or more parties vying for power. Signup and view all the answers

Why are majority governments difficult to achieve in multi-party systems?

Parties must often form coalitions to obtain a majority. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following criticisms is commonly directed at political parties?

They tend to exclude lower-income voters and marginalized groups. Signup and view all the answers

Which example best illustrates a party that advocated for fundamental social change?

Indian National Congress. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common trait of parties in a two-party plus system?

Several minor parties alongside the two major parties. Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential outcome of the coalition-building in multi-party systems?

Frequent changes in government may occur. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes guerrilla violence?

Mobile operations that use hit and run tactics in familiar terrain. Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining feature of counter-insurgency operations?

Blending military action with political reforms. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of terrorism involves individuals acting independently while adopting the goals of a larger group?

Lone wolf terrorism Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes spontaneous violence from other forms of political violence?

It is unplanned and often undesired. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of political violence?

Strict adherence to laws and regulations. Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary goal of terrorism as a form of political violence?

To instill fear and coerce policy changes. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of revolutions, what is a common underlying cause?

Widespread social discontent and demands for change. Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the government strategy of addressing both repression and reform in response to an insurgency?

Counter-insurgency Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes civil disobedience from other forms of protest?

It highlights specific injustices while accepting punishment by authorities. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best represents the political dynamics of protesters in unconventional conflict?

They often consist of like-minded groups connected online. Signup and view all the answers

How do opportunity structures influence political protests?

They create chances for movements to expand or withdraw. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the nature of political conflict as defined in the context?

It typically arises between groups and the state regarding government actions. Signup and view all the answers

What role does violence play in groups like alt-right and Antifa?

It is a central element of their strategy to achieve radical aims. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions is NOT typical of political protests?

Bureaucratic processes followed by recognized political parties. Signup and view all the answers

In what way does transnational political protest differ from local movements?

It connects various movements across different countries. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common goal of protest movements as described?

To create significant change by mobilizing marginalized groups. Signup and view all the answers

What underlying factor often leads to the emergence of protests?

Opposition to government actions or failures. Signup and view all the answers

What is the implication of the powers of 'Peace, Order and Good Government' (POGG)?

It provides a framework for federal intervention in domestic matters. Signup and view all the answers

In what way can local representation function as a check on government power?

By ensuring federal officials are directly accountable to local populations. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following demonstrates a conflict between constitutional provisions and political practice in Canadian federalism?

s. 92 (10)(c) declaratory power being rarely invoked. Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of federalism addresses both legal and practical checks on government power?

Political practice versus constitutional design Signup and view all the answers

What role does James Madison's Federalist 10 play in the context of government checks?

It emphasizes the dangers of factionalism. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a unitary system of government?

A structure in which the central government retains ultimate authority. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement characterizes federal systems of government?

Regional governments possess powers enshrined in a constitution. Signup and view all the answers

In the continuum of centralization, which term is used to describe the arrangement where no central government exists?

Confederation Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a federal state from a unitary state?

A constitution that guarantees powers to regional governments. Signup and view all the answers

Which is a common challenge associated with federalism?

Conflicts between federal and state legislation. Signup and view all the answers

What mechanism allows for the transfer of powers from the central to regional governments in a unitary system?

Administrative devolution Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements describes the concept of sovereignty in a federal context?

Both the central and regional governments share sovereignty. Signup and view all the answers

Which term best describes a system of governance characterized by a lack of central authority?

Confederation Signup and view all the answers

In what way does a federal system enhance governance?

By providing checks against the concentration of power. Signup and view all the answers

What is the nature of local government in a unitary system?

Local authorities operate under the direct control of the central government. Signup and view all the answers

Which power is NOT explicitly listed under section 92 of the Canadian Constitution?

Currency and coinage Signup and view all the answers

What does P.O.G.G stand for in the context of Canadian federalism?

Peace, Order, and Good Government Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the federal government and provinces in Canada?

There are checks and balances between federal and provincial powers. Signup and view all the answers

Which government system is characterized by a single, sovereign government controlling all aspects of the country?

Unitary System Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the complexities of federalism in Canada is true?

Provincial rights have often been asserted against federal authority. Signup and view all the answers

In a federal system, how is sovereignty distributed?

Sovereignty is divided between the central and regional governments. Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the process wherein power is transferred to regional governments within a unitary system?

Devolution Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable governmental practice that can act as a check on provincial powers in Canada?

Federal disallowance of provincial laws Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect is characteristic of a unitary government as opposed to a federal system?

The central government exercises supreme authority over all territory. Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe the arrangement where sovereignty is shared between the central government and several regional governments?

Federalism Signup and view all the answers

In the context of government systems, what is a key distinction between federal and unitary states?

Federal states consist of multiple sovereign regions under a central authority. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a confederation in contrast to federalism?

A confederation consists of sovereign states with limited central authority. Signup and view all the answers

What is the implication of 'devolution' in a government system?

The redistribution of powers to lower levels of government. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'continuum of centralization' represent in the context of government systems?

The range from complete centralization to total decentralization. Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary reason for the decline in voting turnout?

Apathy and a sense that voting won't make a difference Signup and view all the answers

Which demographic is generally less likely to vote unless effectively motivated?

Young people Signup and view all the answers

Which process is not typically associated with political socialization?

Formal political campaigns Signup and view all the answers

What effect does media sensationalism on political issues typically have?

Drives audience interest through negative coverage Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is least likely to affect political participation?

Physical fitness Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key component of volunteering in political participation?

Supporting social movements Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of state education can influence political culture?

Providing civics education about the political system Signup and view all the answers

In terms of political participation, how is the impact of age generally characterized?

Younger individuals are more engaged with interest groups Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant barrier to political participation mentioned in the context?

Complexity of voting procedures Signup and view all the answers

What common issue do many political leaders face in relation to the system?

Failure to raise sufficient funds Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of political culture in a political community?

To establish fundamental political values and beliefs Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a parochial political culture?

Low awareness and little to no participation in politics Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic is indicative of civic political culture?

A mix of participant and subject roles in politics Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT serve as a basis for political cultures and sub-cultures?

Social media usage Signup and view all the answers

How has political efficacy generally trended in recent years?

It has generally decreased, signaling less confidence in government Signup and view all the answers

Which type of political culture is most likely to foster high levels of civic engagement?

Participant political culture Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors contribute to an individual's political socialization?

Family, education, and media exposure Signup and view all the answers

In terms of political participation, what does a subject political culture indicate?

Some awareness but limited desire to participate in governance Signup and view all the answers

Which group is least likely to contribute to the evolution of political culture?

Highly specialized academic research in political theory Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes political culture's impact on citizens?

It creates diverging values and beliefs that can enhance political conflict. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes