Nationalism and Patriotic Organizations in Indonesia

Study Notes

Economic policies implemented by the Dutch, such as the culture system and trade center control, had negative effects on Indonesians' livelihood.
The benefits of these policies went to the colonizing Westerners.
The Dutch did not interfere much with Indonesian culture; however, culture and education were affected due to the Dutch neglect of the education system in the country.
Indonesian nationalism rose from the desire to end unjust policies of the Dutch colonizers.
In 1825, the struggle of the Indonesians began, led by Diponegoro of Java, resulting a widespread revolt.
Diponegoro's forces were defeated in 1930 by the stronger Dutch forces.
In the 20th century, the struggle of the Indonesians continued through establishing patriotic organizations.

Budi Utomo, established in 1908, was a cultural organization.
Mas Wahidin Sudirohusodo was the known leader of Budi Utomo.
Budi Utomo aimed to promote the rich culture of Java and give educational rights to Western education to Indonesians.
Sarekat Islam, established in 1911, aimed to advance the livelihood of Indonesians.
Omar Said Tjokroaminoto was the known leader of Sarekat Islam.
Sarekat Islam also emphasized the political situation in Indonesia.
The Indonesian Communist Party was established in 1920.
The Indonesian Communist Party sought freedom from the Dutch and led revolts in 1926 and 1927.
Both revolts led by the the Indonesian Communist Party failed to achieve the freedom of their country.
The Indonesian Nationalist Party was established in 1919.
Sukarno was the known leader of The Indonesian Nationalist Party.
The aim of The Indonesian Nationalist Party was to fight against the oppressive policies of the Dutch.
The Indonesian Nationalist Party believed that the policies that oppressed their citizens would end if freedom from the Dutch was achieved.