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Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of measuring the background count rate before starting the radioactive decay experiment?
What is the primary purpose of measuring the background count rate before starting the radioactive decay experiment?
- To determine the total radiation emitted by the radioactive source.
- To account for radiation from sources other than the radioactive sample. (correct)
- To ensure the radioactive source is emitting the expected level of radiation.
- To calibrate the Geiger-Müller tube for accurate readings.
Given the fluctuations in the count rate over the initial 20 minutes, which of the following strategies would best improve the accuracy of determining the radioactive source's half-life?
Given the fluctuations in the count rate over the initial 20 minutes, which of the following strategies would best improve the accuracy of determining the radioactive source's half-life?
- Reduce the amount of radioactive material used in the experiment.
- Increase the distance between the radioactive source and the Geiger-Müller tube.
- Extend the duration of the experiment and collect data for a longer period. (correct)
- Decrease the duration of each count rate measurement to 30 seconds.
If the technician wants to determine the half-life more easily, which of the following adjustments would be MOST effective, assuming safety protocols are followed?
If the technician wants to determine the half-life more easily, which of the following adjustments would be MOST effective, assuming safety protocols are followed?
- Taking measurements at irregular intervals to capture variations.
- Moving the source further away to reduce the count rate.
- Reducing the shielding to increase the count rate.
- Extending the duration of data collection to observe more decay. (correct)
What effect would placing lead shielding around the radioactive source have on the count rate, and how would this affect the determination of the half-life?
What effect would placing lead shielding around the radioactive source have on the count rate, and how would this affect the determination of the half-life?
How would moving the radioactive source closer to the Geiger-Müller tube potentially impact the experiment, and what precautions should the technician take?
How would moving the radioactive source closer to the Geiger-Müller tube potentially impact the experiment, and what precautions should the technician take?
If a sound wave travels from air into water, how does its speed change?
If a sound wave travels from air into water, how does its speed change?
Which material has the highest specific heat capacity?
Which material has the highest specific heat capacity?
Which of the following materials has the lowest melting point?
Which of the following materials has the lowest melting point?
What type of radiation has the highest radiation weighting factor?
What type of radiation has the highest radiation weighting factor?
Which planet has a gravitational field strength closest to that of Earth?
Which planet has a gravitational field strength closest to that of Earth?
Which material requires the most energy to change from a solid to a liquid state?
Which material requires the most energy to change from a solid to a liquid state?
If you have equal masses of aluminium and copper at the same initial temperature, which will require more heat to raise its temperature by 1°C?
If you have equal masses of aluminium and copper at the same initial temperature, which will require more heat to raise its temperature by 1°C?
What happens to the speed of light as it moves from air to diamond?
What happens to the speed of light as it moves from air to diamond?
In the given resistor network, if the resistance of the $12 \Omega$ resistor is decreased, how will the readings on ammeters A1, A2, and A3 change?
In the given resistor network, if the resistance of the $12 \Omega$ resistor is decreased, how will the readings on ammeters A1, A2, and A3 change?
Three resistors, $12 \Omega$, $6.0 \Omega$, and $4.0 \Omega$ are connected as shown in the diagram. Determine the total resistance between points X and Y.
Three resistors, $12 \Omega$, $6.0 \Omega$, and $4.0 \Omega$ are connected as shown in the diagram. Determine the total resistance between points X and Y.
Which of the following materials would be best for cooling something down quickly, assuming equal mass and initial temperature?
Which of the following materials would be best for cooling something down quickly, assuming equal mass and initial temperature?
A wire with a resistance of $8.0 \Omega$ carries a current of $1.5$ A. Calculate the power developed in the wire.
A wire with a resistance of $8.0 \Omega$ carries a current of $1.5$ A. Calculate the power developed in the wire.
Which of the following statements accurately compares the specific latent heat of fusion and vaporization for water?
Which of the following statements accurately compares the specific latent heat of fusion and vaporization for water?
If a material changes from solid to liquid, which value is relevant?
If a material changes from solid to liquid, which value is relevant?
A student is determining the specific heat capacity of copper using a copper block, immersion heater, and thermometer. The experiment's accuracy is found to be lacking. Which change would most directly improve the accuracy of the experiment?
A student is determining the specific heat capacity of copper using a copper block, immersion heater, and thermometer. The experiment's accuracy is found to be lacking. Which change would most directly improve the accuracy of the experiment?
If a container of carbon dioxide is left untouched at room temperature, does it boil?
If a container of carbon dioxide is left untouched at room temperature, does it boil?
A solid substance is heated in an insulated container and its temperature, T, is recorded over time, t. If the heating rate is constant, what does a horizontal section on the temperature vs. time graph indicate?
A solid substance is heated in an insulated container and its temperature, T, is recorded over time, t. If the heating rate is constant, what does a horizontal section on the temperature vs. time graph indicate?
Which material has the highest speed of sound?
Which material has the highest speed of sound?
Two wires, X and Y, are made of the same material. Wire X has twice the length and half the diameter of wire Y. If the resistance of wire Y is R, what is the resistance of wire X?
Two wires, X and Y, are made of the same material. Wire X has twice the length and half the diameter of wire Y. If the resistance of wire Y is R, what is the resistance of wire X?
In a circuit with multiple resistors, how does the power dissipated by a resistor change if the voltage across it is doubled while its resistance is halved?
In a circuit with multiple resistors, how does the power dissipated by a resistor change if the voltage across it is doubled while its resistance is halved?
What has the highest specific latent heat of vaporisation?
What has the highest specific latent heat of vaporisation?
Which of the following correctly orders the states of matter from lowest to highest specific latent heat of fusion?
Which of the following correctly orders the states of matter from lowest to highest specific latent heat of fusion?
A student connects a resistor to a power supply and measures the current and voltage. The student notices that as the voltage increases, the resistance calculated using Ohm's Law also appears to increase slightly. What is the most likely cause for this observation?
A student connects a resistor to a power supply and measures the current and voltage. The student notices that as the voltage increases, the resistance calculated using Ohm's Law also appears to increase slightly. What is the most likely cause for this observation?
A positively charged particle moves perpendicularly into a uniform magnetic field. What changes occur to its speed, its momentum and its kinetic energy?
A positively charged particle moves perpendicularly into a uniform magnetic field. What changes occur to its speed, its momentum and its kinetic energy?
A ray of red light passes through a semicircular glass block into the air. The angle between the ray and the normal inside the glass is 70°, and the angle of refraction in the air is 58° (as measured from the normal). What are the correct angle of incidence inside the glass and the angle of refraction in the air, according to the diagram?
A ray of red light passes through a semicircular glass block into the air. The angle between the ray and the normal inside the glass is 70°, and the angle of refraction in the air is 58° (as measured from the normal). What are the correct angle of incidence inside the glass and the angle of refraction in the air, according to the diagram?
Which statement accurately describes the process of ionization?
Which statement accurately describes the process of ionization?
A radioactive source decays, emitting $1.8 \times 10^6$ nuclei in 10 hours. What is the approximate activity of the source?
A radioactive source decays, emitting $1.8 \times 10^6$ nuclei in 10 hours. What is the approximate activity of the source?
A tissue sample absorbs a 0.20 µGy dose from alpha radiation and a 6.0 µGy dose from slow neutrons. Calculate the total equivalent dose received by the tissue sample.
A tissue sample absorbs a 0.20 µGy dose from alpha radiation and a 6.0 µGy dose from slow neutrons. Calculate the total equivalent dose received by the tissue sample.
A motor lifts a 2400 kg mass vertically through 5.0 m in 2 minutes. What is the minimum power rating required for the motor to achieve this?
A motor lifts a 2400 kg mass vertically through 5.0 m in 2 minutes. What is the minimum power rating required for the motor to achieve this?
A technician is using an apparatus to determine the half-life of a radioactive source. Which of the following represents the most significant safety concern?
A technician is using an apparatus to determine the half-life of a radioactive source. Which of the following represents the most significant safety concern?
A satellite is in a circular orbit around a planet. Which statements accurately describe the satellite's motion or condition in orbit?
I: The horizontal speed of the satellite is constant.
II: The satellite does not move.
III: While orbiting the planet, the satellite is weightless.
A satellite is in a circular orbit around a planet. Which statements accurately describe the satellite's motion or condition in orbit? I: The horizontal speed of the satellite is constant. II: The satellite does not move. III: While orbiting the planet, the satellite is weightless.
A radioactive isotope has a half-life of 5 years. In a sample of this isotope, what fraction of the original number of atoms will remain after 15 years?
A radioactive isotope has a half-life of 5 years. In a sample of this isotope, what fraction of the original number of atoms will remain after 15 years?
Which of the following is a key difference between nuclear fission and nuclear fusion?
Which of the following is a key difference between nuclear fission and nuclear fusion?
A laser emits a light pulse from Earth directed at a mirror on the Moon. The reflected light is detected back on Earth 2.6 seconds after transmission. What is the approximate distance between the Earth and the Moon?
A laser emits a light pulse from Earth directed at a mirror on the Moon. The reflected light is detected back on Earth 2.6 seconds after transmission. What is the approximate distance between the Earth and the Moon?
The table below show the altitude and period of four satellites. Based on the data, estimate the period of the AprizeSat-3 satellite, which has an altitude of 686 km.
Satellite
Altitude (km)
Period (minutes)
International Space Station
408
93
AprizeSat-3
686
?
Hubble Space Telescope
537
95
Intelsat-18
35 800
1440
The table below show the altitude and period of four satellites. Based on the data, estimate the period of the AprizeSat-3 satellite, which has an altitude of 686 km.
| Satellite | Altitude (km) | Period (minutes) |
|---|---|---|
| International Space Station | 408 | 93 |
| AprizeSat-3 | 686 | ? |
| Hubble Space Telescope | 537 | 95 |
| Intelsat-18 | 35 800 | 1440 |
Which of the following statements about the Universe are correct?
I: One light-year is the time taken for light to travel from the Sun to the Earth.
II: The approximate age of the Universe is 13.8 billion years.
III: The ‘Big Bang’ theory describes the origin of the Universe.
Which of the following statements about the Universe are correct? I: One light-year is the time taken for light to travel from the Sun to the Earth. II: The approximate age of the Universe is 13.8 billion years. III: The ‘Big Bang’ theory describes the origin of the Universe.
A charged particle moves through an electric field generated by two point charges, Q and R. Given the particle's path as shown in the diagram, what can be inferred about the nature of the charges Q and R?
A charged particle moves through an electric field generated by two point charges, Q and R. Given the particle's path as shown in the diagram, what can be inferred about the nature of the charges Q and R?
What is the name of the theory currently favoured by physicists that describes the origin of the Universe?
What is the name of the theory currently favoured by physicists that describes the origin of the Universe?
Which of the following forces acting on a rocket during launch are an example of Newton's Third Law?
Which of the following forces acting on a rocket during launch are an example of Newton's Third Law?
A charged particle moves through a region of space where there are two charged objects: Q and R. The particle's path is deflected as shown in the diagram. Deduce the sign of the charge on the particle and the charges of objects Q, and R.
A charged particle moves through a region of space where there are two charged objects: Q and R. The particle's path is deflected as shown in the diagram. Deduce the sign of the charge on the particle and the charges of objects Q, and R.
A toaster operating at 230 V has a power rating of 1.2 kW. Which of the following statements about the toaster are correct?
I. The heating element transfers 1200 J of electrical energy each second.
II. The plug of the toaster should be fitted with a fuse rated at 13 A.
III. The charge passing through the heating element each second is 5.2 A.
A toaster operating at 230 V has a power rating of 1.2 kW. Which of the following statements about the toaster are correct? I. The heating element transfers 1200 J of electrical energy each second. II. The plug of the toaster should be fitted with a fuse rated at 13 A. III. The charge passing through the heating element each second is 5.2 A.
In the circuit shown, two resistors with resistances of 16 Ω and 24 Ω are connected in series. Voltmeter V1, connected across the 16 Ω resistor, reads 3.6 V. What is the reading on voltmeter V2, which is connected across the 24 Ω resistor?
In the circuit shown, two resistors with resistances of 16 Ω and 24 Ω are connected in series. Voltmeter V1, connected across the 16 Ω resistor, reads 3.6 V. What is the reading on voltmeter V2, which is connected across the 24 Ω resistor?
Consider a circuit with an LDR (light-dependent resistor). As the light level incident on the LDR decreases, how are the readings on ammeters A1, A2, and A3 affected?
Consider a circuit with an LDR (light-dependent resistor). As the light level incident on the LDR decreases, how are the readings on ammeters A1, A2, and A3 affected?
A parallel plate capacitor has a capacitance $C_0$ with vacuum between the plates. If a dielectric material with a dielectric constant of $\kappa = 3$ is inserted between the plates, what is the new capacitance?
A parallel plate capacitor has a capacitance $C_0$ with vacuum between the plates. If a dielectric material with a dielectric constant of $\kappa = 3$ is inserted between the plates, what is the new capacitance?
A long straight wire carries a current I into the page. What is the direction of the magnetic field at a point located directly to the right of the wire?
A long straight wire carries a current I into the page. What is the direction of the magnetic field at a point located directly to the right of the wire?
A transformer has 200 turns in its primary coil and 1000 turns in its secondary coil. If the input voltage in the primary coil is 120 V AC, what is the output voltage in the secondary coil?
A transformer has 200 turns in its primary coil and 1000 turns in its secondary coil. If the input voltage in the primary coil is 120 V AC, what is the output voltage in the secondary coil?
A 60 W light bulb and a 100 W light bulb are each designed to operate at 120 V. Which light bulb has a higher resistance?
A 60 W light bulb and a 100 W light bulb are each designed to operate at 120 V. Which light bulb has a higher resistance?
Flashcards
Power Rating of Motor
Power Rating of Motor
Minimum power needed to lift a 2400 kg mass 5.0 m in 2 minutes.
Satellite in Orbit
Satellite in Orbit
A satellite moves in a circular orbit and maintains constant horizontal speed.
Weightlessness of Satellites
Weightlessness of Satellites
In orbit, satellites experience free fall, creating a sensation of weightlessness.
Distance to the Moon
Distance to the Moon
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Satellite Period
Satellite Period
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Age of the Universe
Age of the Universe
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Big Bang Theory
Big Bang Theory
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Electric Field
Electric Field
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Speed of light in air
Speed of light in air
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Speed of sound in air
Speed of sound in air
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Gravitational field strength on Earth
Gravitational field strength on Earth
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Specific heat capacity of water
Specific heat capacity of water
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Specific latent heat of fusion for water
Specific latent heat of fusion for water
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Specific latent heat of vaporisation for water
Specific latent heat of vaporisation for water
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Melting point of aluminium
Melting point of aluminium
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Boiling point of water
Boiling point of water
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Speed of sound in muscle
Speed of sound in muscle
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Specific heat capacity of aluminium
Specific heat capacity of aluminium
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Radiation weighting factor for alpha radiation
Radiation weighting factor for alpha radiation
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Density of iron
Density of iron
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Specific latent heat of fusion for iron
Specific latent heat of fusion for iron
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Speed of sound in steel
Speed of sound in steel
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Specific latent heat of vaporisation for alcohol
Specific latent heat of vaporisation for alcohol
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Charge on Particle
Charge on Particle
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Charge on Q
Charge on Q
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Charge on R
Charge on R
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Power Rating
Power Rating
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Fuse Rating
Fuse Rating
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Electrical Energy Transfer
Electrical Energy Transfer
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Voltmeter Reading
Voltmeter Reading
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Resistance and Light Level
Resistance and Light Level
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Angle of Incidence
Angle of Incidence
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Angle of Refraction
Angle of Refraction
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Ionisation
Ionisation
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Radioactive Decay
Radioactive Decay
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Activity of a Source
Activity of a Source
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Equivalent Dose
Equivalent Dose
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Half-Life
Half-Life
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Alpha Radiation
Alpha Radiation
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Total Resistance in Series
Total Resistance in Series
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Ohm's Law
Ohm's Law
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Power in Electrical Circuits
Power in Electrical Circuits
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Specific Heat Capacity
Specific Heat Capacity
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Heat Transfer Experiment
Heat Transfer Experiment
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Improving Experiment Accuracy
Improving Experiment Accuracy
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Heating Effect
Heating Effect
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Temperature Change Measurement
Temperature Change Measurement
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Background Count Rate
Background Count Rate
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Geiger-Müller Tube
Geiger-Müller Tube
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Count Rate Measurement
Count Rate Measurement
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Ratemeter
Ratemeter
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Study Notes
National Qualifications 2024 - Physics
- Exam Details: Exam is scheduled for Thursday, 25 April, 1:00 PM – 3:30 PM
- Paper Code: X857/75/02
- Section 1: Consists of 25 multiple-choice questions, covering speed, weight, energy, trolley speed, force, power, satellite orbits, light, and other physics concepts.
- Instructions: Students should complete Section 1 questions and record their answers on a separate answer booklet (X857/75/01). Students can refer to the data sheet (page 02 of the question booklet) and relationships sheet (X857/75/11) during the exam. Before leaving the exam hall, students must hand in their question and answer booklets, failure to do so may result in loss of marks.
Data Sheet - Physical Constants
- Speed of Light (in Materials): Various materials' speeds of light are provided in units of 10⁸ m/s
- Speed of Sound (in Materials): Speed of sound in different materials (e.g., air, aluminium, glycerol, water) is listed in m/s.
- Gravitational Field Strengths: Gravitational field strengths on the surface of different celestial bodies (e.g., Earth, Jupiter, Mars, Saturn) are tabulated in N/kg.
- Specific Heat Capacities: Specific heat capacities of various materials (e.g., alcohol, aluminium, copper, glass, water) are given in J/kg °C.
- Specific Latent Heat of Fusion: Specific latent heat of fusion for various materials (e.g., alcohol, aluminium, copper, lead, water) is given in J/kg.
- Melting & Boiling Points: Melting and boiling points of materials (e.g., alcohol, aluminium, copper, iron, lead, water) in °C are provided.
- Specific Latent Heat of Vaporisation: Specific latent heat of vaporisation for various materials (e.g., alcohol, carbon dioxide, glycerol, turpentine, water) in J/kg.
- Radiation Weighting Factors: Radiation weighting factors for different types of radiation (e.g., alpha, beta, fast neutrons, gamma, slow neutrons, X-rays) are listed.
Section 1 - Sample Questions
- Question 1: Classifies speed, weight, and energy as scalar or vector quantities. Correctly identifying the scalar/vector nature of these quantities.
- Question 2: Describes an experiment to determine the average and instantaneous speed of a trolley, asking which measurements are needed.
- Question 14: Calculates power given resistance and current. Finding the power (in Watts) of a wire.
- Question 15: Concerns an experiment on Copper Specific Heat Capacity, asking about improvements to the experiment’s accuracy.
- Question 16: Identifies the part of a temperature-time graph used to determine specific latent heat of vaporization.
- Question 17: Calculates pressure change in a sealed syringe given changes in volume. Demonstrates the relationship between pressure and volume at constant temperature.
- Question 19: Calculates the frequency of a wave given speed and wavelength. Calculations using the speed-frequency-wavelength formula.
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Description
Physics exam details for National Qualifications 2024. Includes multiple-choice questions and covers topics such as speed, weight, energy, and force. Essential data on physical constants like the speed of light and sound in various materials is provided.
