Podcast
Questions and Answers
Force is a scalar quantity.
Force is a scalar quantity.
False (B)
The S.I. unit of velocity is meter per second squared.
The S.I. unit of velocity is meter per second squared.
False (B)
Friction is a type of contact force.
Friction is a type of contact force.
True (A)
Gravity is an example of a contact force.
Gravity is an example of a contact force.
Lift is a type of air resistance.
Lift is a type of air resistance.
The slope of a distance-time graph represents velocity.
The slope of a distance-time graph represents velocity.
Newton's second law of motion relates force, mass, and velocity.
Newton's second law of motion relates force, mass, and velocity.
The work input is always equal to the work output in a machine.
The work input is always equal to the work output in a machine.
A girl walks 200m N, then 300m W then 150m N, then 200m E, then 100m N, then 100m E. The displacement of the girl is zero.
A girl walks 200m N, then 300m W then 150m N, then 200m E, then 100m N, then 100m E. The displacement of the girl is zero.
A car passes a cyclist traveling at 15m/s, from the frame of reference of the cyclist, the car appears to be traveling at 7m/s.
A car passes a cyclist traveling at 15m/s, from the frame of reference of the cyclist, the car appears to be traveling at 7m/s.
A naughty boy running west at 4m/s on a people mover moving east at 1.5m/s has a velocity relative to a person standing on the carpeted floor of 2.5m/s west.
A naughty boy running west at 4m/s on a people mover moving east at 1.5m/s has a velocity relative to a person standing on the carpeted floor of 2.5m/s west.
346cm is equal to 3.46m.
346cm is equal to 3.46m.
A car accelerating from 0 to 15m/s in 30 seconds has an acceleration of 0.5m/s^2.
A car accelerating from 0 to 15m/s in 30 seconds has an acceleration of 0.5m/s^2.
If acceleration is zero, velocity must also be zero.
If acceleration is zero, velocity must also be zero.
A runner completing an 800 meter race in 90 seconds has an average speed of 8.89m/s.
A runner completing an 800 meter race in 90 seconds has an average speed of 8.89m/s.
Gravity is not a type of friction.
Gravity is not a type of friction.
Momentum is a product of an object's mass and velocity. Since the velocity is zero, the momentum is also zero.
Momentum is a product of an object's mass and velocity. Since the velocity is zero, the momentum is also zero.
A velocity vs. time graph of a car traveling down the street appearing as a straight line sloping upwards indicates that the car's acceleration is constant.
A velocity vs. time graph of a car traveling down the street appearing as a straight line sloping upwards indicates that the car's acceleration is constant.
A jaguar accelerating from 0 to 10.3m/s in 3.0 seconds has an acceleration of 3.43m/s^2.
A jaguar accelerating from 0 to 10.3m/s in 3.0 seconds has an acceleration of 3.43m/s^2.
The force that opposes your push when you're unable to move an object is gravity.
The force that opposes your push when you're unable to move an object is gravity.
Air resistance is the force that acts on a projectile besides gravity.
Air resistance is the force that acts on a projectile besides gravity.
Mass and weight are exactly the same thing.
Mass and weight are exactly the same thing.
Rolling friction is always greater than static friction.
Rolling friction is always greater than static friction.
Objects in free fall eventually reach a constant velocity due to air resistance.
Objects in free fall eventually reach a constant velocity due to air resistance.
If the input force of a machine is less than the output force, then the input distance is greater than the output distance.
If the input force of a machine is less than the output force, then the input distance is greater than the output distance.
A fixed pulley is an example of a compound machine.
A fixed pulley is an example of a compound machine.
The force exerted by the tab to open a soda can is greater than the force applied by the person to the tab.
The force exerted by the tab to open a soda can is greater than the force applied by the person to the tab.
A screwdriver is an example of a lever.
A screwdriver is an example of a lever.
A wheel chair ramp is an example of an inclined plane.
A wheel chair ramp is an example of an inclined plane.
A nutcracker is an example of a wedge.
A nutcracker is an example of a wedge.
The force required to push a full shopping cart is less than the force required to push an empty one due to Newton's third law.
The force required to push a full shopping cart is less than the force required to push an empty one due to Newton's third law.
The acceleration of a 0.2 kg baseball thrown with a force of 30N is 150 m/s^2.
The acceleration of a 0.2 kg baseball thrown with a force of 30N is 150 m/s^2.
A WWF wrestler with a mass of 157 kg weighs approximately 1550 N.
A WWF wrestler with a mass of 157 kg weighs approximately 1550 N.
The momentum of a 4.7 g bullet shot from a gun at 1600 m/s is greater than the momentum of a baseball with a mass of 150g thrown at 39m/s.
The momentum of a 4.7 g bullet shot from a gun at 1600 m/s is greater than the momentum of a baseball with a mass of 150g thrown at 39m/s.
The reaction force in a balloon car is the force exerted by the air molecules on the balloon.
The reaction force in a balloon car is the force exerted by the air molecules on the balloon.
Bernoulli's principle states that the pressure of a fluid decreases as its velocity increases.
Bernoulli's principle states that the pressure of a fluid decreases as its velocity increases.
The buoyancy force on an object is equal to its weight when it is suspended.
The buoyancy force on an object is equal to its weight when it is suspended.
Study Notes
Physics Exam Study Guide
Terms and Concepts
- Vector vs Scalar Quantity:
- Vector: has magnitude and direction
- Scalar: has only magnitude
- Motion:
- Frame of Reference: a fixed point from which motion is measured
- Distance vs Displacement:
- Distance: total length of path traveled
- Displacement: shortest distance between initial and final positions
- Speed vs Velocity:
- Speed: scalar quantity, rate of change of distance
- Velocity: vector quantity, rate of change of displacement
- Instantaneous Speed vs Average Speed:
- Instantaneous Speed: speed at a specific point in time
- Average Speed: total distance traveled divided by time
- Distance vs Time Graphs:
- Slope of the graph represents velocity
- Acceleration:
- Rate of change of velocity
- Can be calculated using the formula: a = Δv / Δt
- Velocity vs Time Graphs:
- Slope of the graph represents acceleration
- Force:
- Push or pull that causes an object to change its motion
- Newton's Laws of Motion:
- First Law: Inertia, an object at rest stays at rest, an object in motion stays in motion
- Second Law: F = ma, force is equal to mass times acceleration
- Third Law: Every action has an equal and opposite reaction
- Work and Energy:
- Work: force applied over a distance
- Energy: ability to do work
- Machines:
- Simple Machines: lever, pulley, wheel and axle, inclined plane, wedge, screw
- Compound Machines: combination of simple machines
- Momentum:
- Product of an object's mass and velocity
- Pressure:
- Force per unit area
- Bernoulli's Principle:
- Faster moving fluids have lower pressure, slower moving fluids have higher pressure
- Buoyancy and Buoyancy Force:
- Upward force exerted on an object by a fluid (liquid or gas)
- Archimedes' Principle: buoyancy force is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced
- Friction:
- Force that opposes motion between two surfaces in contact
- Types: static, sliding, rolling, fluid
Formulas
- Average Velocity or Speed:
- v_avg = Δx / Δt
- Average Acceleration:
- a_avg = Δv / Δt
- Acceleration:
- a = F / m (Newton's Second Law)
- Weight:
- W = mg (mass times acceleration due to gravity)
- Momentum:
- p = mv (mass times velocity)
- Pressure:
- P = F / A (force per unit area)
- Work:
- W = F × d (force times distance)
- Power:
- P = W / t (work divided by time)
Review Questions
- Questions 1-44: various physics concepts and problems
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Description
Review key physics concepts for 8th grade science exam, including vector and scalar quantities, motion, distance, speed, velocity, acceleration, and graph interpretation.
