8th Grade Physics Exam Study Guide
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8th Grade Physics Exam Study Guide

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Questions and Answers

Force is a scalar quantity.

False

The S.I. unit of velocity is meter per second squared.

False

Friction is a type of contact force.

True

Gravity is an example of a contact force.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Lift is a type of air resistance.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The slope of a distance-time graph represents velocity.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Newton's second law of motion relates force, mass, and velocity.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The work input is always equal to the work output in a machine.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

A girl walks 200m N, then 300m W then 150m N, then 200m E, then 100m N, then 100m E. The displacement of the girl is zero.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

A car passes a cyclist traveling at 15m/s, from the frame of reference of the cyclist, the car appears to be traveling at 7m/s.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

A naughty boy running west at 4m/s on a people mover moving east at 1.5m/s has a velocity relative to a person standing on the carpeted floor of 2.5m/s west.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

346cm is equal to 3.46m.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

A car accelerating from 0 to 15m/s in 30 seconds has an acceleration of 0.5m/s^2.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

If acceleration is zero, velocity must also be zero.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

A runner completing an 800 meter race in 90 seconds has an average speed of 8.89m/s.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gravity is not a type of friction.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Momentum is a product of an object's mass and velocity. Since the velocity is zero, the momentum is also zero.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

A velocity vs. time graph of a car traveling down the street appearing as a straight line sloping upwards indicates that the car's acceleration is constant.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

A jaguar accelerating from 0 to 10.3m/s in 3.0 seconds has an acceleration of 3.43m/s^2.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The force that opposes your push when you're unable to move an object is gravity.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Air resistance is the force that acts on a projectile besides gravity.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mass and weight are exactly the same thing.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Rolling friction is always greater than static friction.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Objects in free fall eventually reach a constant velocity due to air resistance.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the input force of a machine is less than the output force, then the input distance is greater than the output distance.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

A fixed pulley is an example of a compound machine.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The force exerted by the tab to open a soda can is greater than the force applied by the person to the tab.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

A screwdriver is an example of a lever.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

A wheel chair ramp is an example of an inclined plane.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nutcracker is an example of a wedge.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The force required to push a full shopping cart is less than the force required to push an empty one due to Newton's third law.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The acceleration of a 0.2 kg baseball thrown with a force of 30N is 150 m/s^2.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

A WWF wrestler with a mass of 157 kg weighs approximately 1550 N.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The momentum of a 4.7 g bullet shot from a gun at 1600 m/s is greater than the momentum of a baseball with a mass of 150g thrown at 39m/s.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The reaction force in a balloon car is the force exerted by the air molecules on the balloon.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bernoulli's principle states that the pressure of a fluid decreases as its velocity increases.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The buoyancy force on an object is equal to its weight when it is suspended.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Physics Exam Study Guide

Terms and Concepts

  • Vector vs Scalar Quantity:
    • Vector: has magnitude and direction
    • Scalar: has only magnitude
  • Motion:
    • Frame of Reference: a fixed point from which motion is measured
  • Distance vs Displacement:
    • Distance: total length of path traveled
    • Displacement: shortest distance between initial and final positions
  • Speed vs Velocity:
    • Speed: scalar quantity, rate of change of distance
    • Velocity: vector quantity, rate of change of displacement
  • Instantaneous Speed vs Average Speed:
    • Instantaneous Speed: speed at a specific point in time
    • Average Speed: total distance traveled divided by time
  • Distance vs Time Graphs:
    • Slope of the graph represents velocity
  • Acceleration:
    • Rate of change of velocity
    • Can be calculated using the formula: a = Δv / Δt
  • Velocity vs Time Graphs:
    • Slope of the graph represents acceleration
  • Force:
    • Push or pull that causes an object to change its motion
  • Newton's Laws of Motion:
    • First Law: Inertia, an object at rest stays at rest, an object in motion stays in motion
    • Second Law: F = ma, force is equal to mass times acceleration
    • Third Law: Every action has an equal and opposite reaction
  • Work and Energy:
    • Work: force applied over a distance
    • Energy: ability to do work
  • Machines:
    • Simple Machines: lever, pulley, wheel and axle, inclined plane, wedge, screw
    • Compound Machines: combination of simple machines
  • Momentum:
    • Product of an object's mass and velocity
  • Pressure:
    • Force per unit area
  • Bernoulli's Principle:
    • Faster moving fluids have lower pressure, slower moving fluids have higher pressure
  • Buoyancy and Buoyancy Force:
    • Upward force exerted on an object by a fluid (liquid or gas)
    • Archimedes' Principle: buoyancy force is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced
  • Friction:
    • Force that opposes motion between two surfaces in contact
    • Types: static, sliding, rolling, fluid

Formulas

  • Average Velocity or Speed:
    • v_avg = Δx / Δt
  • Average Acceleration:
    • a_avg = Δv / Δt
  • Acceleration:
    • a = F / m (Newton's Second Law)
  • Weight:
    • W = mg (mass times acceleration due to gravity)
  • Momentum:
    • p = mv (mass times velocity)
  • Pressure:
    • P = F / A (force per unit area)
  • Work:
    • W = F × d (force times distance)
  • Power:
    • P = W / t (work divided by time)

Review Questions

  • Questions 1-44: various physics concepts and problems

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Description

Review key physics concepts for 8th grade science exam, including vector and scalar quantities, motion, distance, speed, velocity, acceleration, and graph interpretation.

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