Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which factor MOST influences foreign policy decisions in less developed countries formerly under colonial rule, according to the concept of foreign dependency?
Which factor MOST influences foreign policy decisions in less developed countries formerly under colonial rule, according to the concept of foreign dependency?
- The continued reliance on former colonial powers for expertise and technology. (correct)
- The pressure to adopt international norms and legal standards.
- The need to balance relationships with multiple powerful nations.
- The desire to establish new trade routes and economic partnerships.
How do realist scholars primarily define national interest in the context of international relations?
How do realist scholars primarily define national interest in the context of international relations?
- By emphasizing economic growth and trade relations.
- Through the lens of international law and moral obligations.
- Objectively, in terms of state survival and security in a competitive environment. (correct)
- By prioritizing justice and ideological alignment with other nations.
Which set of criteria are emphasized by idealist scholars in defining national interest, which realists often overlook?
Which set of criteria are emphasized by idealist scholars in defining national interest, which realists often overlook?
- Military strength, economic wealth, and technological advancement.
- Geopolitical positioning, natural resources, and population size.
- Legal, ideological, and moral elements. (correct)
- Diplomatic relations, trade agreements, and cultural exchanges.
A country's foreign policy includes the tools used to achieve its goals. Which instrument is MOST associated with coercion rather than cooperation?
A country's foreign policy includes the tools used to achieve its goals. Which instrument is MOST associated with coercion rather than cooperation?
A nation's foreign policy objectives are typically classified by time. Which type of objective directly ensures the self-preservation of its political and economic system?
A nation's foreign policy objectives are typically classified by time. Which type of objective directly ensures the self-preservation of its political and economic system?
A country's foreign policy goals vary in scope and urgency. Which criteria is LEAST likely to be used to classify these goals?
A country's foreign policy goals vary in scope and urgency. Which criteria is LEAST likely to be used to classify these goals?
Which of the following best describes the concept of extraterritoriality in foreign policy?
Which of the following best describes the concept of extraterritoriality in foreign policy?
A small island nation wants to strengthen its economy and protect its cultural identity. Which foreign policy approach would BEST balance these objectives?
A small island nation wants to strengthen its economy and protect its cultural identity. Which foreign policy approach would BEST balance these objectives?
A country is experiencing internal political instability and economic hardship. Which short-term foreign policy objective would MOST likely take precedence?
A country is experiencing internal political instability and economic hardship. Which short-term foreign policy objective would MOST likely take precedence?
According to Arnold Wolfers, which of the following is NOT a primary pattern of foreign policy behavior?
According to Arnold Wolfers, which of the following is NOT a primary pattern of foreign policy behavior?
A developing country adopts a foreign policy that prioritizes aiding other nations in need, even at its own expense. According to Wolfers, this aligns with which pattern of foreign policy behavior?
A developing country adopts a foreign policy that prioritizes aiding other nations in need, even at its own expense. According to Wolfers, this aligns with which pattern of foreign policy behavior?
Which foreign policy dimension refers to the extent of a country's international interactions and activities?
Which foreign policy dimension refers to the extent of a country's international interactions and activities?
During the Cold War, many developing nations chose not to align with either the Western or Eastern blocs, forming the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM). This is an example of which alignment tendency?
During the Cold War, many developing nations chose not to align with either the Western or Eastern blocs, forming the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM). This is an example of which alignment tendency?
A nation formally agrees to provide military assistance to another country in the event of an attack. This arrangement is best described as:
A nation formally agrees to provide military assistance to another country in the event of an attack. This arrangement is best described as:
A country consistently avoids taking sides in international disputes and maintains a formal position of non-partisanship. This stance is known as:
A country consistently avoids taking sides in international disputes and maintains a formal position of non-partisanship. This stance is known as:
Which of these foreign policy objectives reflects a nation's long-term vision for the international system's political and ideological organization?
Which of these foreign policy objectives reflects a nation's long-term vision for the international system's political and ideological organization?
What was the primary foreign policy objective of the military regime that took power in Ethiopia in 1974?
What was the primary foreign policy objective of the military regime that took power in Ethiopia in 1974?
Which of the following strategies was heavily emphasized by the military regime to achieve its foreign policy objectives?
Which of the following strategies was heavily emphasized by the military regime to achieve its foreign policy objectives?
During the military regime, what was the guiding philosophy that shaped Ethiopia's foreign policy and international alliances?
During the military regime, what was the guiding philosophy that shaped Ethiopia's foreign policy and international alliances?
How did the adoption of socialism impact Ethiopia's foreign policy during the military regime compared to previous administrations?
How did the adoption of socialism impact Ethiopia's foreign policy during the military regime compared to previous administrations?
After 1991, what became the primary driving force behind Ethiopia's foreign policy?
After 1991, what became the primary driving force behind Ethiopia's foreign policy?
In the post-1991 era, how is the national interest of Ethiopia primarily defined in its foreign policy?
In the post-1991 era, how is the national interest of Ethiopia primarily defined in its foreign policy?
Which of the following issues posed a foreign policy challenge to the military regime despite their efforts to secure the country?
Which of the following issues posed a foreign policy challenge to the military regime despite their efforts to secure the country?
What was the cornerstone of Ethiopia's foreign policy during the military regime concerning its relationship with socialist countries?
What was the cornerstone of Ethiopia's foreign policy during the military regime concerning its relationship with socialist countries?
Emperor Menelik II employed a 'double track diplomacy' primarily to:
Emperor Menelik II employed a 'double track diplomacy' primarily to:
What critical disagreement led to the eventual conflict between Ethiopia and Italy following the Treaty of Wuchale?
What critical disagreement led to the eventual conflict between Ethiopia and Italy following the Treaty of Wuchale?
What was the primary significance of Ethiopia's victory at Adwa?
What was the primary significance of Ethiopia's victory at Adwa?
Following the victory at Adwa, which action demonstrated the European powers' recognition of Ethiopia's sovereignty?
Following the victory at Adwa, which action demonstrated the European powers' recognition of Ethiopia's sovereignty?
Which of the following best describes Italy's initial strategy for expanding its influence in Ethiopia?
Which of the following best describes Italy's initial strategy for expanding its influence in Ethiopia?
Which of the following factors most contributed to Italy's defeat at the Battle of Adwa?
Which of the following factors most contributed to Italy's defeat at the Battle of Adwa?
What aspect regarding Ethiopia's boundaries after the Adwa victory is emphasized?
What aspect regarding Ethiopia's boundaries after the Adwa victory is emphasized?
How did Menelik's accumulation of military ammunitions contribute to the outcome of the conflict with Italy?
How did Menelik's accumulation of military ammunitions contribute to the outcome of the conflict with Italy?
Which factor most significantly shaped Ethiopia's foreign policy regarding neighboring countries, particularly Sudan, Somalia, and Eritrea?
Which factor most significantly shaped Ethiopia's foreign policy regarding neighboring countries, particularly Sudan, Somalia, and Eritrea?
What was the 'burning question' that significantly influenced Ethiopia's foreign policy and its role in the region?
What was the 'burning question' that significantly influenced Ethiopia's foreign policy and its role in the region?
What strategic move did Teferi Mekonen make in 1923 that demonstrated Ethiopia's ambition for international recognition and security?
What strategic move did Teferi Mekonen make in 1923 that demonstrated Ethiopia's ambition for international recognition and security?
Why was Ethiopia's membership in the League of Nations particularly important during the reign of Haile Selassie I?
Why was Ethiopia's membership in the League of Nations particularly important during the reign of Haile Selassie I?
What action did Emperor Haile Selassie I take during the Italian Fascist invasion between 1936 and 1941?
What action did Emperor Haile Selassie I take during the Italian Fascist invasion between 1936 and 1941?
Beyond seeking aid from the League of Nations, how else did Ethiopia, under Haile Selassie I, contribute to broader international affairs?
Beyond seeking aid from the League of Nations, how else did Ethiopia, under Haile Selassie I, contribute to broader international affairs?
What specific roles did Ethiopia play in maintaining international peace and security during Haile Selassie I's reign?
What specific roles did Ethiopia play in maintaining international peace and security during Haile Selassie I's reign?
How did Emperor Haile Selassie I leverage alliances with external powers to maintain his rule?
How did Emperor Haile Selassie I leverage alliances with external powers to maintain his rule?
A country facing internal political instability decides to adopt a foreign policy that heavily emphasizes unilateral action. Which factor MOST likely explains this approach?
A country facing internal political instability decides to adopt a foreign policy that heavily emphasizes unilateral action. Which factor MOST likely explains this approach?
During a tense international negotiation, a diplomat realizes that their initial demands are unrealistic given the other party's position. According to the rules of effective diplomacy, what should the diplomat do NEXT?
During a tense international negotiation, a diplomat realizes that their initial demands are unrealistic given the other party's position. According to the rules of effective diplomacy, what should the diplomat do NEXT?
In a diplomatic negotiation, a country makes a series of demands that are perceived as overly aggressive and uncompromising. According to the principles outlined, what is a likely consequence of this approach?
In a diplomatic negotiation, a country makes a series of demands that are perceived as overly aggressive and uncompromising. According to the principles outlined, what is a likely consequence of this approach?
A country is negotiating a trade agreement with another nation. Which economic instrument would be MOST effective in encouraging the other nation to agree to the terms of the agreement?
A country is negotiating a trade agreement with another nation. Which economic instrument would be MOST effective in encouraging the other nation to agree to the terms of the agreement?
A developing nation is heavily reliant on foreign aid from a larger, more powerful country. The larger country decides to reduce its aid and implement tariffs on goods imported from the developing nation. What is the MOST likely objective of the larger country?
A developing nation is heavily reliant on foreign aid from a larger, more powerful country. The larger country decides to reduce its aid and implement tariffs on goods imported from the developing nation. What is the MOST likely objective of the larger country?
Country A and Country B are engaged in a dispute over a shared water resource. Country A proposes a joint research project to assess the resource's sustainability, while Country B insists on immediate allocation based on historical usage. Which diplomatic strategy would be MOST effective in bridging this divide?
Country A and Country B are engaged in a dispute over a shared water resource. Country A proposes a joint research project to assess the resource's sustainability, while Country B insists on immediate allocation based on historical usage. Which diplomatic strategy would be MOST effective in bridging this divide?
A nation's foreign policy is MOST influenced by economic instruments when:
A nation's foreign policy is MOST influenced by economic instruments when:
Which of the following scenarios BEST exemplifies the use of 'carrot and stick' approach in foreign policy?
Which of the following scenarios BEST exemplifies the use of 'carrot and stick' approach in foreign policy?
Flashcards
Extraterritoriality
Extraterritoriality
The projection of a country’s national interest beyond its geographic boundaries.
Middle Range Objectives
Middle Range Objectives
Goals that focus on fulfilling a country’s material, economic, and prestige needs.
Long-Range Objectives
Long-Range Objectives
Plans concerning the ultimate political or ideological organization of international relations.
Foreign Policy Behavior
Foreign Policy Behavior
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Self-preservation
Self-preservation
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Self-extension
Self-extension
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Alliances
Alliances
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Non-alignment
Non-alignment
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Foreign Dependency Criteria
Foreign Dependency Criteria
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Realist Perspective
Realist Perspective
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Idealist Perspective
Idealist Perspective
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Foreign Policy
Foreign Policy
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Foreign Policy Instruments
Foreign Policy Instruments
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Foreign Policy Objectives
Foreign Policy Objectives
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Core Interests and Values
Core Interests and Values
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Political Independence
Political Independence
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Italian expansion in Ethiopia
Italian expansion in Ethiopia
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Menelik's diplomacy
Menelik's diplomacy
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Wuchalle Treaty
Wuchalle Treaty
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Article 17 controversy
Article 17 controversy
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Abrogation of Wuchale
Abrogation of Wuchale
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Battle of Adwa
Battle of Adwa
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Recognition of Ethiopia
Recognition of Ethiopia
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Formal boundary treaties
Formal boundary treaties
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Territorial Integrity
Territorial Integrity
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Emperor Haile Selassie I
Emperor Haile Selassie I
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League of Nations
League of Nations
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Italian Invasion of Ethiopia
Italian Invasion of Ethiopia
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Government in Exile
Government in Exile
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African Independence Movement
African Independence Movement
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Organization of African Unity
Organization of African Unity
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Peacekeeping Operations
Peacekeeping Operations
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Socialist Ideology
Socialist Ideology
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Military Regime (1974-1991)
Military Regime (1974-1991)
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Twin Objectives of Foreign Policy
Twin Objectives of Foreign Policy
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Ethiopia's Foreign Policy Post-1991
Ethiopia's Foreign Policy Post-1991
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National Interest
National Interest
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Militarization in Foreign Policy
Militarization in Foreign Policy
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Friendship with Socialist Countries
Friendship with Socialist Countries
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Mode of Operation
Mode of Operation
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Diplomacy
Diplomacy
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Bargaining
Bargaining
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Effective Diplomacy Rules
Effective Diplomacy Rules
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Common Ground
Common Ground
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Carrot and Stick Approach
Carrot and Stick Approach
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Economic Instruments
Economic Instruments
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Control Techniques
Control Techniques
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Study Notes
- National interest encompasses a country's values, goals, and objectives in international relations.
- It's the justification for a state's actions and policies toward other countries.
- National interest is also a reflection of a country's capabilities.
- National interest includes maintaining physical identity (territorial integrity), political identity (socio-political identity), and cultural identity (ethnic, religious, linguistic, and historical norms).
- National interest is described as a future vision of a state's affairs and conditions that governments aim for through influencing other states.
- Criteria for defining national interest can include operational philosophy, ethical and legal considerations, pragmatic, ideological, partisan, bureaucratic, ethnic/racial, class-status, and foreign dependency criteria.
- Operational philosophy varies depending on time, location, and national values.
- Ideological criteria involve governments establishing relations based on shared values.
- Moral and legal criteria involve upholding treaties and avoiding exploitation.
- Partisan criteria involve aligning national interest with the success/survival of a political party, ethnic group, or religion.
- Foreign dependency criteria may still exist in developing countries due to ties with former colonial powers.
- Realists prioritize a state's survival and security on the international stage.
- Idealists believe legal and moral considerations should also be part of a state's national interest.
- Foreign policy refers to the objectives and tools adopted by a state to manage its relationships with other countries.
- Foreign policy outlines priorities set by leaders to direct actions in international situations.
- Tools for foreign policy include diplomacy, economic tools, propaganda, terrorism and military force.
- Foreign policy objectives include short-term, mid-range, and long-term goals.
- Short-range objectives are connected to self-preservation, political/economic stability, and cultural/territorial integrity.
- Mid-range objectives depend on a country's economic and technological development.
- Long-range objectives involve a country's vision for international relations.
- Foreign policy behavior is analyzed based on patterns like alignment, scope, and modus operandi.
- Alignment focuses on whether a state favors alliances with other countries or neutrality.
- Scope refers to the extensiveness of a state's international relations.
- Modus operandi encompasses how a state operates internationally (multilateral vs. unilateral).
- Diplomacy is the process of communication and negotiation between actors representing states to achieve shared goals.
- Bargaining in diplomacy is a means of resolving conflict by exchanging proposals.
- Effective diplomacy involves realism, careful word choice, establishing common ground, understanding the other side, patience, leaving avenues for retreat open, and considering honor/prestige.
- Economic instruments in foreign policy include various ways to influence other states.
- States may reward or punish each other via manipulating economic factors, like tariffs, quotas, boycotts, and embargoes.
- Tools for economic manipulation can be loans, credits, currency manipulations, military aid, and foreign aid.
- Foreign aid is often used to achieve political/economic goals.
- Ethiopia's foreign policy has evolved through various leaders.
- Tewodros II tried to modernize Ethiopia through foreign contacts.
- Yohannes IV saw Islam and European expansionism as threats to Ethiopia.
- Menelik II expanded Ethiopia's territory and engaged in diplomacy with European powers.
- Ethiopia's policies were influenced by securing territory and access to a seaport.
- The Ethiopian policy under Emperor Haile Selassie I focused on strengthening Ethiopia's position internationally.
- During the regime, Ethiopia fought a war with Italy.
- Ethiopia played a significant peacekeeping role, aligning with other international powers following the Italian Campaign
- Ethiopia's foreign policy under the military regime focused on building military strength and maintaining territorial integrity.
- Ethiopia's post-1991 policies focused on maintaining national interests and pursuing democracy and development domestically.
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