National Integration Council Overview
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National Integration Council Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is one of the main functions of the council discussed?

  • To distribute land among citizens
  • To regulate internal trade policies
  • To strengthen and mobilize the nation's resources (correct)
  • To manage foreign relations of the nation

    • What year was the National Integration Council (NIC) created?

  • 1986 (correct)
  • 1984
  • 1990
  • 1988

    • Which article allows the President to assume executive powers of a State during a Proclamation of failure of Constitutional machinery?

  • Article 356(1) (correct)
  • Article 353(a)
  • Article 352
  • Article 360

    • What is a function of the council regarding economic policies?

    <p>To promote common economic policies in vital spheres</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under a Proclamation of Financial Emergency, what can the Union require regarding Money Bills?

    <p>To be reserved for the President's consideration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which article outlines the observation of financial propriety during a Financial Emergency?

    <p>Article 360(3)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of revenue is levied and appropriated by the States according to the content?

    <p>Naval revenue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does a Proclamation of Emergency have on the State Government according to Article 353(a)?

    <p>Union can give directions for State executive power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What amendment was recommended by the Committee regarding Article 312?

    <p>It should omit the provision for future All-India cadre creation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following was a recommendation regarding the High Courts of States?

    <p>They should be the highest courts for all State jurisdiction matters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Committee state about the territorial integrity of a State?

    <p>Interference should occur with the consent of the State concerned.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What shared revenue did the Commission recommend for States?

    <p>Customs duties and part of the revenue from corporation tax.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which article allows the Governor to report to the President regarding serious internal disturbances?

    <p>Article 356</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Rajamannar Committee, what was one of their recommendations regarding Articles 356 and 357?

    <p>To entirely repeal these articles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the responsibilities of the Governor according to the recommendations?

    <p>To report serious internal disturbances to the President</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Commission suggest about the All India Services?

    <p>They should be maintained for the integrity of the country.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Commission's stance on the office of Governor?

    <p>Active politicians should not be appointed as Governors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following does the Rajamannar Committee suggest as an alternative to repealing Articles 356 and 357?

    <p>Providing safeguards against arbitrary action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Committee recommend regarding the treatment of political instability?

    <p>It should not lightly disturb or supersede responsible Government</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the Commission propose to address friction between the Centre and the States?

    <p>Through a newly formed Inter-Government Council.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the Governors' Conference held on November 26, 1971?

    <p>The idea of instructions was withdrawn</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the Commission view the use of Article 356?

    <p>It should be minimally used, exploring all alternatives first.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is emphasized as a guiding principle for the Governor's actions?

    <p>To act on his best judgment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a primary concern of the Rajamannar Committee regarding the actions of the ruling party?

    <p>Preventing arbitrary action at the Centre</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Supreme Court rule regarding forward contracts in reference to Article 301?

    <p>There are specific governmental powers to restrict them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which case did the Supreme Court invalidate the creation of a monopoly in sugar favoring cooperative societies?

    <p>District Collector, Hyderabad v.Ibrahim</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the court's stance on the legality of the Maharashtra debt relief act with respect to Article 301?

    <p>It was analyzed based on whether money-lending constitutes trade.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Supreme Court, which activity was considered not to fall under trade, commerce, and intercourse?

    <p>Gambling activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What implication did the court suggest about unlawful activities opposing public morality?

    <p>They should never be classified as trade.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the Supreme Court define the term 'trade'?

    <p>Encompasses a wide range of economic transactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method recommended for removing the Government in the State Assembly?

    <p>Constructive vote of no-confidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of document should the Governor's report be under Article 356 according to the Commission?

    <p>A 'speaking document'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of an activity that the court recognized as integral to trade?

    <p>Money-lending in commercial contexts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What change to the wording in clause (5) of Article 356 is recommended by the Commission?

    <p>Substituting 'and' with 'or'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Supreme Court's conclusion regarding the prohibition of activities against morals?

    <p>Their classification depends on societal moral standards.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must happen for the President to revoke a proclamation under Article 356?

    <p>A resolution disapproving the proclamation must be passed by the Lok Sabha</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How soon must the Lok Sabha hold a special sitting to consider a resolution after receiving notice?

    <p>Within fourteen days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key factor in the 'speaking document' regarding the Governor's report?

    <p>It should have precise and clear statements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which article is the procedure for proclaiming President's Rule outlined?

    <p>Article 356</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Commission recommend about the continuation of President's Rule without emergency?

    <p>It can continue if elections cannot be held</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    National Integration Council (NIC)

    • Established in 1986 to address welfare measures for minorities across India.
    • Focuses on issues like communal harmony, violence from secessionists, and regional conflicts in Punjab and Kashmir.

    Emergency Provisions

    • During an Emergency, the Union government can direct the execution of State powers as per Article 353(a).
    • President can assume State executive powers under Article 356(1) during a failure of constitutional machinery.
    • Financial Emergency provisions include control over salaries and financial bills (Article 360).

    Financial Relations and Revenue Distribution

    • Article 264-281 outlines taxation sources allocated to the Centre and States, ensuring proper distribution of revenues.
    • Some revenues are specifically designated for State and Union Lists.

    Sarkaria Commission Report

    • Formed in 1983 to analyze and suggest reforms for Centre-State relations; submitted in 1988.
    • Emphasizes the unity of the nation while advocating for liberal use of Article 258, allowing State empowerment.
    • Recommends minimal use of Article 356 and favoring alternative governance before imposing President’s Rule.
    • Suggests formation of an Inter-Government Council to address friction points.

    Rajamannar Committee Report

    • Established in 1969 in Tamil Nadu; proposed significant amendments to Centre-State relations.
    • Recommended the repeal of Articles 356 and 357 to avoid arbitrary ruling at the Centre.
    • Advocated for constructive votes of no confidence for State Assembly leadership changes.
    • Highlighted the need for the Governor's report under Article 356 to be a "speaking document" with clear justifications for President's Rule.
    • Suggested adjustments in Article 356 to allow for President's Rule continuation if elections cannot be held.

    Supreme Court Evaluations

    • Important Supreme Court cases examined the validity of State actions under Article 301 concerning trade and commerce.
    • Certain state restrictions on trade, such as monopolistic orders, have been deemed unconstitutional.
    • The Court analyzed the definition of trade and established the broad inclusivity of commercial activities beyond mere goods movement, including financial transactions and banking services.

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    Description

    This quiz focuses on the functions and objectives of the National Integration Council (NIC) established in 1986. It aims to strengthen national efforts, promote economic policies, and ensure balanced development across the country, particularly for minority welfare. Test your understanding of these key aspects!

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