National Building Code of the Philippines (P.D. 1096)

• The text provided is the National Building Code (P.D. 1096) of the Philippines.
• It includes regulations for building design, construction, use, occupancy, and maintenance.

Presidential Decree No. 1096

• It adopts a National Building Code for the Philippines.
• It revises Republic Act Numbered Sixty-Five Hundred Forty One.
• The policy of the State is to safeguard life, health, property, and public welfare.
• The code aims to regulate and control buildings and structures, including location, site, design, materials, construction, use, occupancy and maintenance.

General Provisions

• The decree is known as the "National Building Code of the Philippines," referred to as "the Code."
• The provisions apply to design, location, construction, alteration, repair, use, occupancy, maintenance, moving, and demolition of public and private buildings/structures.
• The exception to the rule is traditional indigenous family dwellings.
• Buildings constructed before the Code's approval are grandfathered, unless altered, added to, converted, or repaired.
• All buildings and accessory facilities must conform to safe construction principles suitable for their intended purpose.
• Buildings for manufacturing must observe environmental safeguards.
• Land for construction must be sanitary, hygienic, and safe.
• Human habitation should be at determined safe distances from pollution and potential hazards.
• Definitions of words, terms, and phrases are enumerated in Annex "A"

Administration and Enforcement

• The Secretary of Public Works, Transportation, and Communications is responsible for the code's administration, enforcement, and penalties for violations.
• The Secretary can establish a professional staff of architects, engineers, and technicians within the Department.
• The Secretary formulates building design, construction, use, occupancy and maintenance policies, plans, standards and guidelines.
• The Secretary issues and promulgates rules and regulations to implement code and compliance.
• The Secretary evaluates, reviews, approves and takes action on changes/amendments to Referral Codes and incorporation of other codes.
• The Secretary prescribes/fixes the amount of fees/charges collected by Building Officials for regulatory functions.
• The Secretary provides professional, technical, scientific and other services, including testing laboratories and facilities.
• Building Officials are responsible for field implementation and enforcement of orders/decisions.
• Public Works District Engineers, City Engineers, and Municipal Engineers can act as Building Officials.
• Building Officials must be Filipino citizens, of good moral character, registered architects or civil engineers, and members of an accredited organization for at least two years.
• Building Officials should have five years' diversified, professional experience in building design and construction.
• Building Officials keeps records of fees and charges.
• Building Officials can retain up to 20% of collections for operating expenses, subject to rules.
• 80% is deposited with the city/municipal treasurer and accrues to the General Fund of the province, city, or municipality.
• Public buildings and traditional indigenous family dwellings are exempt from building permit fees.
• Traditional indigenous family dwelling is defined as a dwelling for the owner's family constructed of native materials, costing not more than fifteen thousand pesos.
• The Secretary is authorized to prescribe procedures for the use of net income realized by the office of the Building Official from fees/charges, capped at 20%.
• The Secretary formulates implementing rules and regulations.
• Standards, rules, and regulations shall take effect after publication once a week for three consecutive weeks in a newspaper of general circulation.
• The Secretary can prescribe and impose fines not exceeding ten thousand pesos for code violations.
• It is unlawful to violate any provision of the code.
• Violators face a fine of not more than twenty thousand pesos, imprisonment for not more than two years, or both.
• In the case of a corporation, firm, partnership, or association, the penalty applies to responsible officials.
• Aliens will be deported after fine payment and/or serving their sentence.
• The Building Official orders repair, vacation, or demolition of dangerous or ruinous buildings or structures.
• Dangerous buildings are structurally unsafe, lacking safe egress, are a fire hazard, or are dangerous to human life.
• Articles 482 and 694 to 707 of the Civil Code of the Philippines may also apply.
• This Code's rights and remedies are in addition to other available rights and remedies.

Permits and Inspection

• No building work (erection, construction, alteration, etc.) without a building permit.
• Apply in writing using the form from the Building Official's office.
• Each application must include: -Description of work -Certified true copy of the Transfer Certificate of Title (TCT) for the lot. -Copy of the lease contract if the applicant is not the registered owner. -Use or occupancy for the work -Estimated cost. -Five sets of corresponding plans and specifications also need to be submitted.
• The Building Official and his staff oversee building permit processing.
• The Building Official ensures conformance with zoning, land use, structural design, and safety rules.
• The Building Official issues the permit within 15 days after fee payment if satisfied with the application.
• Partial building permits can be issued.
• Approved plans cannot be changed without the Building Official's approval, and work must follow approved plans.
• Permit issuance does not authorize violations of the Code.
• The Building Official can require corrections to defective plans and prevent operations violating the Code.
• Building permits expire if work does not commence within one year, or if work is suspended/abandoned for 120 days.
• Building permits can be suspended or revoked due to errors in plans, incorrect data, or non-compliance with the code.
• Notice of non-issuance, suspension, or revocation of permits must be written, stating reasons.
• Applicants can appeal non-issuance, suspension or revocation to the Secretary within 15 days of notice.
• The Secretary renders a decision within 15 days, subject to review by the Office of the President.
• Building owners must engage a licensed architect or civil engineer for full-time inspection and supervision.
• The designing architect or civil engineer is not precluded from conducting inspections of the building.
• A logbook must be kept at the jobsite.
• Upon completion, the licensed architect or civil engineer will submit the logbook and a Certificate of Completion.
• Buildings cannot be used or occupied, or have an occupancy change, until the issued Certificate of Occupancy is presented by the Building Official.
• The Building Official issues a Certificate of Occupancy within 30 days if the building or structure complies with the code.
• The Certificate of Occupancy shall be posted/displayed.
• Non-issuance, suspension, and revocation of Certificates of Occupancy, and appeals, follow Section 306 and 307.

Types of Construction

• Buildings are classified into five types: -Type I of wood construction -Type II of wood construction with fire-resistant materials -Type III is masonry and wood construction -Type IV steel, iron, concrete, or masonry construction -Type V fire-resistive construction.
• Changes in construction type require compliance with requirements for the new type.
• Exceptions can be approved if the proposed construction is less hazardous.
• Standards are set for structural framework, exterior/interior walls, floors, exits, stairs, and roofs.

Requirements for Fire Zones

• Fire zones are areas that only allows certain structure types, dependent on use/occupancy and construction/fire resistance.
• Buildings located in more than one fire zone are considered to be in the more restrictive one.
• Moved buildings must comply with fire zone requirements.
• Temporary buildings require a special permit for a limited time.
• The center line of an adjoining street or alley may be considered an adjacent property line.
• Existing non-complying buildings cannot be enlarged, altered, or moved unless specific conditions are met.
• New buildings have more restrictions to prevent the spread of fire
• The Secretary shall issue restrictions for each type of Fire Zone.
• Cities and municipalities shall be divided into Fire Zones based on local, physical, and spatial framework plans made by city/municipal planning/development bodies.

Fire-Resistive Requirements in Construction

• Fire-resistive rating is a material's fire-withstanding degree, using accepted test methods.
• Fire-resistive time period rating measures how long a material resists fire (e.g., one-hour, two-hours).
• Materials and assemblies are classified by fire-retardant or flame-spread ratings.
• The Secretary shall prescribe standards for testing of characteristics, tests on fire damages, tests of building, doors, windows and smoke detection for interior and exterior.

Classification and General Requirement of All Buildings by Use or Occupancy

• Buildings are identified by use or occupancy when proposed for construction: -Group A: Residential dwellings -Group B: Residential, hotels, and apartments (more than 10 persons) -Group C: Education and recreation for school or day-care -Group D: Institutional such as mental hospitals and prisons -Group E: Businesses and mercantile -Group F: Industrial -Group G: Storage and hazardous -Group H: Assembly other than Group I -Group I: Assembly occupant load of 1000 or more. -Group J: Accessory such as private garages and agricultural buildings.
• No change in building occupancy unless it complies with Code requirements.
• Changes of occupancy in existing buildings are subject to the Building Official's approval, the new use must be less hazardous..
• Mixed occupancy is when a building is used for minor accessory activities.
• When buildings have mixed occupancy, it is the most restrictive requirements that shall be applied.
• Occupancy separations divide occupancy types.
• Types of occupancy separation include "One-Hour Fire-Resistive", "Two-Hour Fire-Resistive", "Three-Hour Fire-Resistive" and "Four-Hour Fire-Resistive."
• Buildings must have access to a public space, yard, or street on at least one side.
• Center line of the street or alley will be considered an adjacent property line.
• The Secretary may set requirements for required walls and spaces.
• Secretary will set allowable floor areas.

Minimum Requirements for Group A Dwellings

• Dwellings shall be at least 2 meters from the property line.
• Dwellings shall be constructed to provide ventilation.
• Each dwelling must have adequate facilities.
• Footings must be at least 250 millimeters thick and 600 millimeters below the surface of the ground.
• First-floor at least 200 kilograms per square meter second floor is at least 150 kg.
• The wind load for roofs should be at least 120 kg.
• Stairs should be 750 millimeters in clear width with a rise of 200 millimeters and a minimum run of 200 mm.
• There must be at least one entrance and another one for exit.
• Electrical installations must follow Electrical Codes.
• Mechanical system installations are subject to Mechanical Regulations.

Light and Ventilation

• Subject to the Civil Code of the Philippines on Easements of Light and View.
• Every building shall have adequate light and ventilation.
• Measurement of site occupancy or lot occupancy.
• Governed by the use, type of construction, and height of the building.
• The minimum horizontal dimension be not less than 2.00 meters.
• Habitable rooms should have ceiling heights not less than 2.40 meters.
• Minimum Size of Rooms are as follows: -Rooms for Habitation six meters with a least dimension of 2 meters -Kitchens three meters a least dimension of 1.50 -Bathroom and toilet is 1.20 meters with least dimension of 0.90.
• Every room intended for use need a window or windows with a total free area of openings that equals 10% of the floor area.
• Rooms shall be provided with artificial to prevent excessive accumulation of hot and/or polluted air.

Sanitation

• Buildings for human habitation or other occupancy must comply with sanitation. These requirements include being equipped to possess adequate and potable water supply, plumbing. a suitable waste water treatment system.
• Potable water for human habitation shall be supplied.
• Water quality must meet the latest National Standards.
• Every building with be provided rat proof and pest and vermin control.
• Industrial establishments shall be provided with positive noise abatement devices.
• All pipe materials to be used in buildings shall conform to the Standard Specification.

Building Projection Over Public Streets

• No building part shall project beyond property line.
• Footings at least 2.40 meters below grade along national roads/highways may project 300mm.
• Foundations may encroach into public sidewalk areas up to 500mm if they are 600mm below grade.
• Balconies shall have street grade and lowest under surface measurements.
• Streets should allow easy access for the public
• The canopy should be made of safe material.
• Movable awnings shall not be in the line of sight.
• Doors and windows should be 2.40 m above the pavement.
• Alleys that are 3.60 meters wide should be truncated.

Protection of Pedestrians during Construction or Demolition

• No one shall use or occupy the street or public walk ways/sidewalks for building permits.
• Structures must be adequately lighted between sunset and sunrise.
• Materials will not cause obstructions on public use areas that may be used by safety alarms, alarms or utility box.
• No mixing of building materials on public streets
• When public walk is fenced off a walkway is made.
• The weight load should be able to withstand 650 kgs.
• Maintenance of devices should be in good order.
• Before the work begins all pedestrian protective structures should be in place.

General Design and Construction Requirements

• Comply with regulations governing quality, characteristics and properties of materials, methods of design and construction, the type of occupancy and classification.
• All designed materials used structurally in excavation, footings, and in foundations will conform to accepted engineering practice.
• The excavation of the surface of shall be restored immediately to its former within 48 hrs.
• Veneer shall support its weight and the vertical dead load.
• The elevator shaft should be large for many floors. Shall have fire-extinguishing systems.
• Every structural member used provide means.
• Roof covering and construction should consist of either fire-retardant/ordinary depending on resistricness of particular type.

Stage Ventilators

• Made with materials, area should be about 5% of floor.
• Glass should be protected.
• All is to fall according to the construction Code.
• Springs are used for ventilation of spring which should be tensioned for use. Links in cable should not be affected by the fire system. Both closing and opening have should provide ventilation.

Miscellaneous

• If the work is demolition, it does not start with necessary structural protection.
• Code applies where film is exceeding -width, equipment -arc is there should space at on either side of machine
• Building shall meet certain conditions. Every light must bear a label to designate and thickness of glass. The glass must meet certain conditions for safety purposes.