Nasal Cavity & Paranasal Sinuses Overview
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Questions and Answers

What bones form the roof of the nasal cavity?

  • Nasal bones, Maxilla, Palatine bone, Cribiform plate (Ethmoid bone)
  • Frontal bone, Nasal bones, Cribiform plate (Ethmoid bone), Sphenoid bone (correct)
  • Maxilla, Ethmoid bone, Palatine bone, Sphenoid bone
  • Frontal bone, Nasal bones, Maxilla, Cribiform plate (Ethmoid bone)

    • Which of the following is NOT a function of the paranasal sinuses?

  • Supporting the immune defence of the nasal cavity
  • Humidifying the inspired air
  • Lightening the weight of the head
  • Increasing the sense of smell (correct)

    • What is the name of the fleshy projection at the back of the throat that helps to close off the connection between the nasal and oral cavities during eating?

  • Uvula (correct)
  • Hard Palate
  • Soft Palate
  • Nasopharynx

    • Which of the following structures is NOT part of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?

    <p>Palatine bone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the type of epithelium that lines the paranasal sinuses?

    <p>Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the openings to the paranasal sinuses located?

    <p>Roof and lateral walls of the nasal cavity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which paranasal sinus is located within the frontal bone of the skull?

    <p>Frontal sinus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the hard palate?

    <p>To separate the nasal cavity from the oral cavity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary blood supply source for the Maxillary Sinuses?

    <p>Branches of Alveolar Arteries (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sinus is considered the largest among the paranasal sinuses?

    <p>Maxillary Sinus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the anterior Ethmoid Sinuses drain into the nasal cavity?

    <p>Hiatus Semilunaris (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is responsible for the innervation of the Sphenoid Sinuses?

    <p>Posterior Ethmoidal nerve (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What potential issue can arise from the drainage system connecting the Frontal and Maxillary Sinuses?

    <p>Spread of infection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following sinuses opens into the Spheno-ethmoidal recess?

    <p>Sphenoid Sinuses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Inflammation of which sinus can lead to referred pain in the teeth, known as toothache?

    <p>Maxillary Sinuses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the innervation of the Ethmoid Sinuses?

    <p>Anterior and Posterior Ethmoid branches of the Nasociliary nerve and maxillary nerve (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the respiratory system?

    <p>Oral Cavity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the vibrissae in the nasal vestibule?

    <p>To filter air (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The olfactory region of the nasal cavity, responsible for the sense of smell, is located:

    <p>At the top of the septum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of epithelium lines the respiratory region of the nasal cavity?

    <p>Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a component of the medial wall of the nasal cavity?

    <p>Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The septum cartilage, located in the lower front part of the nasal septum, is composed of:

    <p>Hyaline cartilage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The nasal cavity is divided into two equal sections by the:

    <p>Septum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the clinical significance of the paranasal sinuses?

    <p>They can be affected by infections and inflammation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Nasal Cavity Roof

    Formed by nasal bones, frontal bone, cribiform plate, and sphenoid bone.

    Nasal Cavity Floor

    Made up of the hard palate formed by maxilla and palatine bones.

    Nasopharynx

    The area that connects the nasal and oral cavities at the back of the throat.

    Olfactory Bulb

    Brain structure responsible for processing smell information.

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    Paranasal Sinuses

    Air-filled extensions of the nasal cavity located in several cranial bones.

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    Types of Paranasal Sinuses

    Frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, and maxillary sinuses are the four types.

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    Functions of Paranasal Sinuses

    Support immune defense, lighten the head, humidify air, and enhance voice resonance.

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    Ciliated Pseudostratified Epithelium

    Lining of the sinuses containing cilia and goblet cells for mucus secretion.

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    Nasal Cavity

    The interior space of the nose behind the nostrils, involved in respiration and smell.

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    Vestibule

    The area just posterior to the nostrils, lined with protective skin and vibrissae.

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    Respiratory Region

    The part of the nasal cavity lined with ciliated pseudo-stratified epithelium that helps to filter and moisten air.

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    Olfactory Region

    The upper part of the nasal cavity containing olfactory cells responsible for the sense of smell.

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    Septum

    The wall that divides the nasal cavity into two equal sections.

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    Ethmoid Bone

    A bony structure that forms part of the medial wall of the nasal cavity and the upper section of the septum.

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    Vibrissae

    Stiff hairs in the vestibule that trap particles and provide a protective barrier.

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    Goblet Cells

    Cells found in the respiratory region that secrete mucus to moisten air.

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    Frontal Sinuses

    Roughly triangular sinuses that drain via the Frontonasal duct into the nasal cavity.

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    Sphenoid Sinuses

    Sinuses located in the Sphenoid bone, opening into the nasal cavity at the Spheno-ethmoidal recess.

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    Ethmoid Sinuses

    Three sinuses in the Ethmoid bone: anterior, middle, and posterior, opening into different meatuses.

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    Maxillary Sinuses

    Largest sinuses, located laterally to the nasal cavity, draining underneath the Frontal Sinus opening.

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    Sinusitis

    Inflammation of the sinuses, often caused by upper respiratory tract infections.

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    Maxillary Nerve

    Nerve supplying the maxillary sinus and teeth; inflammation can cause toothache.

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    Blood Supply - Anterior Ethmoid Artery

    Artery that supplies the anterior structures of the ethmoid and frontal sinuses.

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    Innervation - Supraorbital Nerve

    A branch of the Ophthalmic nerve that innervates the frontal sinuses.

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    Study Notes

    Nasal Cavity & Paranasal Sinuses

    • The nose is the primary sensory organ for smell, and also contributes to respiration and speech.
    • Nasal cavity lies behind the nostrils, forming the interior of the nose.
    • The nasal cavity comprises the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx, forming part of the respiratory system.

    Intended Learning Outcomes

    • Students should be able to understand and explore the structure of the nasal cavity.
    • Students should identify the position and clinical significance of paranasal sinuses.
    • Demonstrate comprehension of the anatomy of these structures.
    • Recognize the clinical relevance of these structures to health and disease.

    Nasal Cavity

    • The nose is the primary sensory organ for smell.
    • It plays a role in respiration and speech production.
    • The nasal cavity is located behind the nostrils; these form the interior area of the nose.
    • The cavity is part of the respiratory system, which also consists of the paranasal sinuses, oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx.

    Vestibule

    • The area of the nasal cavity that lies posterior to the nostrils is the vestibule.
    • The vestibule is exposed to the environment.
    • Its lining consists of stratified squamous epithelium, producing a protective barrier.
    • Stiff hairs called vibrissae are embedded within the cells and coated in thick mucus.

    Respiratory Region

    • Situated behind the vestibule, this area includes the entire nasal cavity excluding the olfactory region.
    • It has a pseudostratified epithelium covered with cilia, containing goblet cells that produce mucus.

    Olfactory Region

    • Positioned at the top of the nasal cavity, near the septum.
    • Contains olfactory cells and olfactory mucosa.
    • The mucosa has millions of cilia that carry olfactory receptor proteins for smell.

    Bones Forming the Walls of the Nasal Cavity

    • The frontal, nasal, vomer, and perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone create the nasal cavity septum, which divides the cavity into two equal sections.
    • The vomer and perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone form part of the lower septum.
    • The septum cartilage (a quadrangular hyaline cartilage structure) forms the lower front part of the septum.

    Superior Border (Roof)

    • The top of the nasal cavity is formed by the two nasal bones, the frontal bone's lower part, the cribiform plate (ethmoid bone), and the sphenoid bone.

    Anterior Border (Lateral Wall)

    • The front area of the nasal cavity involves the nasal bones, attached cartilage, outer nose components, and nostrils.

    Posterior Border (Back Wall)

    • Cranial bones, including maxillary, ethmoid, and palatine bones, form the back and sides of the nasal cavity.
    • The sphenoid bone, lacrimal bone, and inferior concha are also part of the posterior wall.

    Walls and Boundaries of the Nasal Cavity

    • The septum divides the nasal cavity into two halves.
    • The septum comprises bony sections from the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone and the vomer, along with the septal cartilage.

    Paranasal Sinuses

    • Four air-filled sinuses are present within the bones (maxillary, frontal, sphenoid, and ethmoid).
    • Each sinus has a ciliated, pseudostratified epithelium and mucus-secreting goblet cells.
    • The sinuses lighten the skull, support the immune system of the nasal cavity, humidify inspired air, and enhance vocal resonance.
    • The sinuses drain back into the nasal cavity.
    • Openings for the paranasal sinuses are located on the roof and lateral walls of the cavity.

    Frontal Sinuses

    • Two frontal sinuses are situated within the frontal bone, superior to other sinuses.
    • Triangular in shape.
    • They drain via the frontonasal duct into the middle meatus of the nasal cavity.
    • Innervated by the supraorbital nerve.
    • Supplied by the anterior ethmoid artery.

    Sphenoid Sinuses

    • Within the sphenoid bone, these are located superior and posterior to the superior concha, in the sphenoid ethmoidal recess.
    • They are innervated by the posterior ethmoidal nerve and maxillary nerve branches.
    • Blood supply is from pharyngeal branches of maxillary arteries.

    Ethmoid Sinuses

    • Located within the ethmoid bone, three ethmoid sinuses exist.
    • Anterior drains into the hiatus semilunaris (middle meatus), middle drains to the lateral wall of the middle meatus, and posterior drains to the lateral wall of the superior meatus.
    • Innervation: branches of the nasociliary nerve, and maxillary nerve.
    • Blood supply: Anterior and posterior ethmoid arteries.

    Maxillary Sinuses

    • Largest sinuses, located laterally and inferior to the nasal cavity.
    • Drain through hiatus semilunaris, located underneath the frontal sinus opening.
    • A possible pathway for infection spread from adjacent structures, such as the frontal sinus
    • Innervation: alveolar nerve branches plus infraorbital nerve.
    • Blood supply: alveolar arteries, infraorbital and greater palatine arteries.

    Clinical Relevance of Paranasal Sinuses

    • Infection of the upper respiratory tract (URTI) can reach the sinuses causing sinusitis (inflammation and pain).
    • Patient positioning and aerosol use are considered when respiration is challenging.
    • Maxillary sinus inflammation can manifest as toothache.

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    The Nasal Cavity & Paranasal Sinuses PDF

    Description

    Explore the anatomy and functions of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses in this quiz. Understand their roles in respiration, smell, and speech, and examine their clinical significance in health and disease. This resource is essential for students aspiring to deepen their knowledge of the respiratory system.

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