225 Questions
What is the term used for the flow of water through well-defined channels?
Drainage
Why is flooding a common phenomenon in areas where channels are ill-defined or choked?
As a result of improper drainage systems
What determines the drainage pattern of an area?
Geological time period
What is the term used for the network of well-defined channels through which water flows?
Drainage system
Why do rivers originating from the Himalayas in the northern India and the Western Ghats in the southern India flow towards the east?
In accordance with the slope and structure of the land
What is the term used to describe the area drained by a river and its tributaries?
Catchment area
What are the major river basins included in the Himalayan drainage system?
The Ganga, the Indus, and the Brahmaputra
What depositional features are formed by the rivers of the Himalayan drainage system as they enter the plains?
Ox-bow lakes and flood plains
What is one of the notable negative impacts of flooding as mentioned in the text?
Loss of property and lives
During which geological period did geologists believe the Indo-Brahma river traversed the Himalayas?
Miocene period
Where does the Indus River originate in Tibet?
Kailash Mountain range
Which river in India is known as the 'Sorrow of Bihar'?
Kosi River
'Singi Khamban' is an alternate name for which river in Tibet?
Indus River
What are formed by rivers in the Himalayan reaches besides deep gorges?
'V-shaped valleys', rapids, and waterfalls
'Shiwalik' or 'Indo-Brahma' is believed to have dismembered into how many main drainage systems according to geologists?
3
Where does the Indus River receive the Kabul river?
Near Attock
Which of the following rivers of Punjab is NOT one of the 'Panjnad'?
Shyok
Where does the Jhelum river join the Chenab river?
Near Jhang in Pakistan
Which river rises from the Gangotri glacier and meets the Alaknanda at Devprayag?
Bhagirathi
Which river originates from the Beas Kund near the Rohtang Pass?
Beas
What is the name given to the five rivers of Punjab that join to form the Panjnad?
Satluj, Beas, Ravi, Chenab, Jhelum
Which river is known as Chandrabhaga because it is formed by two streams at Tandi near Keylong?
Chenab
Where does the Indus River finally discharge into?
Arabian Sea
Which river is known as the 'sorrow of Bengal'?
Damodar
Where does the river Yamuna have its source?
Yamunotri glacier
Which river system is the largest in India?
Ganga
Which river does the Son join as a major right bank tributary?
Ganga
Where does the river Ganga finally discharge itself into?
Bay of Bengal
Which river originates in the Nepal Himalayas between Dhaulagiri and Mount Everest?
Gandak
Which river is known for its badland topography called the Chambal ravines?
Chambal
Which river rises in the Garhwal hills near Gairsain and joins the Ganga near Kannauj?
Ramganga
Where does the Damodar river finally join?
Hugli
Which river forms Sapt Kosi after uniting with the Arun river?
Kosi
Where does the Narmada river meet the Arabian sea?
South of Bharuch
Which river is also known as Ponnani in Kerala?
Bharathapuzha
What river falls into the Vembanad lake in Kerala?
Pamba
Which river has the smallest catchment area among the listed rivers?
Bharathapuzha
Which type of rivers in India have a flow regime controlled by rainfall?
South Indian rivers
In which season do you expect the maximum flow in the Ganga river?
Monsoon
What is the nature of flow for Himalayan rivers?
Perennial
What is the discharge of a river?
Volume of water flowing measured over time
'Namami Devi Narmade' is a conservation mission for which river?
Narmada
Which river in Kerala has the second largest catchment area after Bharathapuzha?
Periyar
What is the reason for the Ganga river to maintain a sizeable flow in the early part of summer?
Snow melt before the monsoon rains begin
What is the mean maximum discharge of the Ganga river at Farakka?
55,000 cusecs
Which river shows a sudden rise in August when the maximum flow is attained?
Narmada
At Garudeshwar, what is the minimum flow recorded for the Narmada river?
15 cusecs
When does the Godavari river have its minimum discharge?
May
What is responsible for the fall in October and the rise in August in the Narmada river?
Heavy monsoon rains
What is the drainage pattern where primary tributaries flow parallel to each other and secondary tributaries join them at right angles?
Trellis
Which rivers are examples of the 'radial' drainage pattern mentioned in the text?
Rivers originating from the Amarkantak range
What separates one drainage basin from another according to the text?
Watersheds
Which rivers in India discharge their waters into the Arabian Sea?
Indus, Narmada, Tapi
What is the basis of classification used for Indian drainage into major, medium, and minor river basins?
Catchment area size
Which of the following rivers have their origin in the Western Ghats and discharge their waters in the Bay of Bengal?
Kalindi, Periyar, Meghna
Which classification scheme is followed in the text for Indian drainage based on mode of origin and characteristics?
Himalayan drainage vs. Peninsular drainage
'River basins cover larger areas while watersheds are small in area.' This statement is related to which concept mentioned in the text?
'Watersheds'
'River basins and watersheds are marked by unity.' What does this imply according to the text?
'River basins' and 'watersheds' influence each other within their boundaries
Where does the Brahmaputra River originate?
Chemayungdung glacier in the Kailash range
What is the Brahmaputra known as in Tibet?
Tsangpo
Which river system is older, the Peninsular drainage system or the Himalayan one?
Peninsular drainage system
What river system do the Chambal, Sind, Betwa, Ken, and Son rivers belong to?
Ganga river system
What is a common characteristic of Peninsular rivers?
Absence of meanders
Which river joins the Brahmaputra in Bangladesh to make it the Jamuna river?
Tista
What is the major right bank tributary of the Brahmaputra River in Tibet?
Rango Tsangpo
Why is the Brahmaputra well-known for floods, channel shifting, and bank erosion?
Most of its tributaries bring large quantity of sediments due to heavy rainfall in its catchment area
'The Western Ghats act as a water divide between major Peninsular rivers discharging water into which two bodies of water?'
Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea
What is a distinctive feature of the Narmada and Tapi rivers compared to other Peninsular rivers?
Lack of alluvial and deltaic deposits
Which river system is considered the largest Peninsular river system in India?
Godavari
Where does the Godavari River discharge its water?
Bay of Bengal
Which river originates near Pushkar in Rajasthan?
Luni
In which state does the Tapi River originate?
Madhya Pradesh
Which river has the Gersoppa (Jog) falls along its course?
Krishna
Where does the Sharavati River originate?
Karnataka
Which state has the largest percentage of the Krishna River's catchment area?
Karnataka
What geological factors contribute to the drainage pattern of an area?
Topography and slope
What is the primary purpose of a 'drainage system'?
To guide the flow of water through well-defined channels
What is the region drained by a river known as?
Catchment area
Why is flooding more common in areas with ill-defined or choked channels?
Lack of proper drainage system
What makes rivers flow in a specific direction according to the text?
Topography and slope
Why do rivers originating from different regions in India flow towards the east and discharge into the Bay of Bengal?
Influence of monsoon winds
Where does the Indus River finally discharge its water?
Arabian Sea
Which river in Pakistan is formed by two streams, the Chandra and the Bhaga?
Chenab
At which point does the Bhagirathi meet the Alaknanda to form the Ganga river?
Devprayag
Which river originates in the Gangotri glacier near Gaumukh in Uttarakhand?
Ganga
The confluence of the Satluj and Beas rivers occurs near which location?
Harike
Which river system includes tributaries like Shyok, Gilgit, Hunza, and Nubra?
Indus River System
From where does the Jhelum river rise before entering Pakistan through a deep narrow gorge?
Pir Panjal
Which river system is often referred to as the 'sorrow of Bengal' due to its devastating floods?
'Indo-Brahma River System'
'Namami Gange Programme' aims at the conservation and rejuvenation of which river?
'Ganga River'
'Panjnad' is the name given to the confluence of which five rivers from Punjab?
'Satluj, Beas, Ravi, Chenab, Jhelum'
What is the main reason for the Kosi river to frequently change its course?
Massive deposition of sediments from its upper reaches
Why do geologists believe that a mighty river called Shiwalik or Indo-Brahma got dismembered into three main drainage systems?
As a result of the Pleistocene upheaval in the western Himalayas
Where does the Indus River originate?
Gangotri glacier near Bokhar Chu
What is the distinctive feature of the Narmada and Tapi rivers compared to other Peninsular rivers?
They lack tributaries in their lower courses
During which geological period did geologists believe the Indo-Brahma river traversed the entire longitudinal extent of the Himalayas?
Miocene period
Why are rivers of the Himalayan drainage system described as 'perennial'?
As they are fed by both snowmelt and precipitation
What is the drainage pattern where primary tributaries of rivers flow parallel to each other and secondary tributaries join them at right angles?
Trellis
Which river system in India discharges its waters into the Arabian Sea and includes rivers like the Narmada and Tapi?
Western Coastal Drainage
What is the main difference between river basins and watersheds based on their respective areas?
River basins are larger than watersheds
Which type of drainage pattern does a river exhibit when it discharges its water from all directions into a lake or depression?
Centripetal
Which classification scheme divides Indian drainage systems into Arabian Sea drainage and Bay of Bengal drainage based on orientation to the sea?
Arabian-Bay Classification
Which region of India has rivers with origins in the Himalayas and discharge their waters into the Bay of Bengal?
Northern India
'River basins and watersheds are marked by unity.' What does this imply according to the text?
'Unity' indicates that they are connected hydrologically
'Large rivers flowing on the Peninsular plateau have their origin in the Western Ghats and discharge their waters in the Bay of Bengal.' Identify these rivers.
Godavari, Mahanadi, Pennar
Which river is known for its badland topography called the Chambal ravines?
Chambal
Which river originates in the Nepal Himalayas between Dhaulagiri and Mount Everest?
Gandak
Which river forms Sapt Kosi after uniting with the river Arun?
Kosi
Where does the Ramganga river finally join in Uttar Pradesh?
Kannauj
Which river rises in the Garhwal hills and joins the Ganga near Kannauj?
Ramganga
Which river is an antecedent river with its source near Mount Everest in Tibet?
Kosi
What is the final destination where the Ghaghara river meets the Ganga?
Chhapra
Which river originates in the Darjiling hills and joins the Ganga in West Bengal?
Mahananda
'Son' is a major south bank tributary of which main river system in India?
Ganga
What is the main right bank tributary of the Yamuna as mentioned in the text?
Chambal
Which river in Kerala has the smallest catchment area?
Pamba
During which season do rivers originating from the Himalayas experience their maximum flow?
Monsoon season
Which river has the largest catchment area among the listed rivers?
Brahmani
What is the primary factor controlling the regime of rivers in South India?
Rainfall
Which river in India is known as the 'Sorrow of Bengal'?
Damodar
What determines the pattern of flow in a river channel over a year?
Rainfall
What is the main reason for the significant difference between the mean maximum and mean minimum discharge of the Ganga river?
Melting snow in the early part of summer
What characterizes the discharge trend of the Narmada river from January to July?
Sharp decline
Which factor contributes to the sudden rise in August and the equivalent fall in October in the flow of the Narmada river?
Monsoon rain
What contributes to the minimum discharge of the Godavari river in May?
Limited rainfall
What makes the flow of water in the Narmada and Tapi rivers distinct from other Peninsular rivers?
Sudden rise in flow during summer
What contributes to the maximum flow of the Godavari river in July-August?
Monsoon rain
Which river originates near Pushkar in Rajasthan?
Luni
Which river is known as the 'Sorrow of Bengal'?
Damodar
Where does the Sharavati River originate?
Shimoga district, Karnataka
What is the major left bank tributary of the Brahmaputra River in Tibet?
Dibang or Sikang
Which river is known for its badland topography called the Chambal ravines?
Chambal
Which river system are the Betwa, Son, and Ken rivers part of?
Ganga
Which river in Kerala has the second largest catchment area after Bharathapuzha?
Pamba
Which river rises near Sihawa in Raipur district and discharges into the Bay of Bengal?
Mahanadi
What is the total length of the Krishna River?
$1,401$ km
What is the name of the river that joins the Brahmaputra in Bangladesh to form the Jamuna river?
Tista
Which river drains a catchment area of 81,155 sq.km and carries water throughout the year with less fluctuation than other Peninsular rivers?
Kaveri
Which river is characterized by a nonperennial flow of water?
Narmada
Which river on the list has the smallest catchment area?
Vembanad
Which river system does not flow from west to east, unlike most other major Peninsular rivers?
Tapi
Where does the Kalinadi River rise from?
$ ext{Belgaum district}$, $ ext{Karnataka}$
'Subansiri is an antecedent river.' What does this imply?
'Subansiri predates the formation of its current valley.'
What is the primary name of Godavari among local people?
Dakshin Ganga
Where does Godavari discharge its water into?
Bay of Bengal
'The Mahanadi is 851 km long with a catchment area of 1.42 lakh sq.km.' What aspect of a river does this information relate to?
'Catchment area'
'The Western Ghats act as the water divide between major Peninsular rivers.' What does this imply for these rivers?
'They discharge water into different bodies of water.'
What is the primary reason for the existence of a drainage system in an area?
To prevent large-scale flooding
Why is it important for rivers to flow through well-defined channels?
To maintain a proper drainage system
What geological factors contribute to the drainage pattern of an area?
Rocks, topography, and slope
In the context of river flow direction, what is the significance of the term 'drainage basin'?
It designates the area drained by a river and its tributaries
Why do rivers originating from the Himalayas and Western Ghats flow towards the east?
As a result of geological structures and slopes
What distinguishes a river's 'catchment area' from its 'drainage basin'?
'Catchment area' is the area drained by a river while 'drainage basin' includes only tributaries
Where does the river Indus finally discharge into?
Arabian Sea
Which river is known as the largest tributary of the Indus?
Chenab
Which river originates from the Gangotri glacier near Gaumukh?
Bhagirathi
Where is the Satluj river known as Langchen Khambab located?
Tibet
Which river forms gorges at Kati and Largi in the Dhaoladhar range?
Beas
What is the source of the Alaknanda river?
Badrinath
Where does the Ganga river enter the plains?
Haridwar
What is the name given to the five rivers of Punjab that join to form Panjnad?
Panchanad Rivers
What determines whether a river is antecedent or not?
Origin point of the river
Where does the Jhelum river join the Chenab in Pakistan?
Jhang
Which drainage pattern is characterized by primary tributaries flowing parallel to each other and secondary tributaries joining them at right angles?
Trellis
On what basis are the Indian drainage basins classified into three categories?
Catchment area size
Which river system in India includes rivers such as the Ganga, Brahmaputra, Krishna, and Narmada?
Bay of Bengal drainage system
Which rivers in India primarily originate from the Amarkantak range and exhibit a radial drainage pattern?
Indus and Narmada
What is the difference between river basins and watersheds as mentioned in the text?
Area covered
Which rivers in India have their sources in the Himalayas and discharge their waters into the Arabian Sea?
Indus and Narmada
Which type of Indian drainage system has rivers originating from the Western Ghats and discharging into the Bay of Bengal?
Peninsular drainage system
'River basins and watersheds are marked by unity.' What does this statement imply according to the text?
'Changes in one part affect the whole basin.'
Which river in India is known for its badland topography called the Chambal ravines?
Chambal
Where does the Ganga river finally discharge itself into?
Bay of Bengal
Which river originates in the mountains of Nepal and finally meets the Ganga at Sonpur near Patna?
Gandak
In which state does the Damodar river occupy the eastern margins of a plateau before joining the Hugli?
Jharkhand
Which river rises in the Darjiling hills and joins the Ganga as its last left bank tributary in West Bengal?
Mahananda
What is the major right bank tributary of the Yamuna river?
Sind
Which river forms Sapt Kosi after uniting with the river Arun?
Kosi
Where does the river Sarda join the Ghaghara river before they meet the Ganga at Chhapra?
Kali or Chauk along the Indo-Nepal border
Which river originates near Mhow in the Malwa plateau, flows through a gorge upwards of Kota in Rajasthan, and joins the Yamuna?
Chambal
Which river rises near Gairsain, changes its course to southwest direction after crossing Shiwalik, and enters into the plains of Uttar Pradesh near Najibabad?
Ramganga
What geological factors are believed to have contributed to the dismemberment of the mighty Indo-Brahma river into three main drainage systems?
Pleistocene upheaval and the uplift of the Potwar Plateau
What aspect of the Himalayan rivers' evolution supports the viewpoint that a mighty river called Shiwalik or Indo-Brahma existed in the past?
Lacustrine origin and alluvial deposits
What were the three main drainage systems formed after the dismemberment of the Indo-Brahma river?
The Indus, Ganga, and Brahmaputra
What is the alternate name for the Indus River when it flows through Tibet?
'Singi Khamban'
What is believed to have diverted the Ganga and Brahmaputra systems towards the Bay of Bengal during the mid-Pleistocene period?
Downthrusting of Malda gap area
What makes the Indus River unique compared to other Himalayan rivers in India?
It has a perennial flow.
What significant feature about Kosi river contributes to its frequent change in course?
Deposition of huge quantities of sediments
What is responsible for diverting the Ganga and Brahmaputra systems towards the Bay of Bengal?
Downthrusting of Malda gap area
Which drainage system does not have a perennial flow?
Kosi
Which river system is subjected to heavy floods in its lower reaches to the south of Polavaram?
Godavari
In which state does the river Luni, the largest river system of Rajasthan, originate near Pushkar in two branches?
Rajasthan
Which river originates in Shimoga district of Karnataka and has the Koyna, Tungbhadra, and Bhima as its major tributaries?
Krishna
Which river in India is known as the 'Sorrow of Bengal' and discharges its waters into the Bay of Bengal?
Brahmaputra
Where does the Sharavati River, known for its Gersoppa (Jog) Falls, originate?
Karnataka
Which river flows through Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, and Andhra Pradesh with tributaries like Penganga, Indravati, Pranhita, and Manjra?
Godavari
'Dakshin Ganga' is an alternative name for which river in India known as the largest Peninsular river system?
Godavari
'Namami Devi Narmade' is a conservation mission for which river originating on the western flank of the Amarkantak plateau?
Narmada
'Subansiri is an antecedent river.' What does this imply about the Subansiri River?
'Subansiri' predates the formation of its current valley.
What is the primary reason behind the sudden rise in August and fall in October of the Narmada river's flow?
Rains in the monsoon season
What distinguishes the river regimes of the Narmada and Godavari from the rivers originating in the Himalayas?
Timing of maximum flow
In which month does the Godavari river experience its minimum discharge?
May
What factor contributes significantly to the large difference between the mean maximum and mean minimum discharge of the Ganga river?
Glacial melting in the Himalayas
What causes the Ganga to maintain a substantial flow in the early part of summer before the monsoon arrives?
Snowmelt in the Himalayas
What marks a notable difference between the river regimes of the Eastern and Western parts of the Ganga Basin?
Timing of maximum and minimum discharge
What is the origin of the Brahmaputra River according to the text?
Chemayungdung glacier of the Himalayas
Which river system is older, the Brahmaputra or the Peninsular drainage system?
Peninsular
What distinguishes the Peninsular rivers Narmada and Tapi from other rivers mentioned in the text?
They flow in trough faults
Which river does NOT belong to the Ganga river system as per the text?
Sind
What significant impact do the Western Ghats have on Peninsular rivers according to the text?
Acting as a water divide between Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea
What geological event led to a lack of alluvial and deltaic deposits in Narmada and Tapi rivers?
Upheaval of the Himalayas
Which river is known for being an antecedent river as mentioned in the text?
Subansiri
What distinguishes rivers within the Peninsular drainage system from those in the Himalayan system?
$ ext{Catchment area characteristics}$
Which river originates near Sihawa in Raipur district and runs through Odisha before discharging into the Bay of Bengal?
Mahanadi
What type of rivers are characteristic of the Peninsular drainage system as described in the text?
Absence of alluvial deposits
In which season do you expect the maximum flow in the Ganga and Kaveri rivers?
Monsoon
What distinguishes the regime of South Indian rivers from those originating from the Himalayas?
Flow pattern fluctuations
Which river has a catchment area closest in size to the Sharavati river of Karnataka?
Palar
Which river is characterized by a nonperennial flow of water?
Subarnarekha
What term describes the pattern of water flow in a river over a year?
Regime
Which river has its peak flow during the January-June period according to the text?
Ganga
What is the nature of flow for rivers originating from the Himalayas?
Perennial
In terms of catchment area, which river ranks third among the small rivers flowing towards the east in India?
Penner
Which river drains a catchment area closest to that of Subarnarekha among the east-flowing rivers of India?
Palar
What characteristic distinguishes the South Indian rivers from those originating from the Himalayas based on their regime?
Flow pattern fluctuations throughout the year
Study Notes
Drainage Systems
- The flow of water through well-defined channels is called a drainage system.
- Flooding is common in areas with ill-defined or choked channels.
Drainage Patterns
- The drainage pattern of an area is determined by its geological structure.
- The term used to describe the network of well-defined channels through which water flows is a drainage system.
- Rivers originating from the Himalayas and the Western Ghats flow towards the east due to the slope of the land.
Himalayan Drainage System
- The Himalayan drainage system includes rivers like the Indus, Ganga, and Brahmaputra.
- These rivers form depositional features like deltas and floodplains as they enter the plains.
- Rivers in the Himalayan reaches form deep gorges and valleys.
River Basins
- The term used to describe the area drained by a river and its tributaries is a river basin.
- The Himalayan drainage system includes major river basins like the Indus, Ganga, and Brahmaputra.
- The Peninsular drainage system includes river basins like the Godavari, Krishna, and Narmada.
Rivers of India
- The Indus River originates in Tibet and receives the Kabul river in Pakistan.
- The Ganga River rises from the Gangotri glacier and meets the Alaknanda at Devprayag.
- The Brahmaputra River originates in Tibet and is known as the Jamuna in Bangladesh.
- The Peninsular drainage system includes rivers like the Narmada, Tapi, Godavari, and Krishna.
- The Western Ghats act as a water divide between major Peninsular rivers discharging water into the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal.
Characteristics of Rivers
- Himalayan rivers have a flow regime controlled by melting of snow and ice.
- Peninsular rivers have a flow regime controlled by rainfall.
- Rivers in India have a varying flow regime depending on the season.
- The nature of flow for Himalayan rivers is perennial.
- The discharge of a river is the volume of water flowing through it.
Conservation
- 'Namami Devi Narmade' is a conservation mission for the Narmada river.
- 'Namami Gange Programme' aims at the conservation and rejuvenation of the Ganga river.
Geological Factors
- Geological factors like the slope of the land and the geological structure of an area contribute to the drainage pattern of an area.
- The primary purpose of a drainage system is to drain excess water from the land.
Test your knowledge about the Narmada river, including its geological features, conservation efforts, and notable projects like the Sardar Sarovar Project. Explore details about the Namami Devi Narmade mission and its significance in preserving the river's ecosystem.
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