Nail Theory Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

Which part of the nail serves as a watertight seal that protects the matrix against infection?

Mantle

The part of the nail plate that extends beyond the end of the finger is called the:

Free edge

The living tissue that overlies the nail plate on the sides of the nail is known as the:

Perionychium

The nail plate rests on which area of the nail?

<p>Nail bed</p> Signup and view all the answers

A protein substance found in nails, skin, and hair is?

<p>Keratin</p> Signup and view all the answers

The study of the structure and growth of the nails is called:

<p>Onychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

Another term for tinea pedis is:

<p>Athlete's foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

A loosening or separation of the nail is referred to as:

<p>Onycholysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Another name for split or brittle nails is:

<p>Onychorrhexis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Another term for bitten nails is:

<p>Onychophagy</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the lunula?

<p>White half-moon shaped area at nail base</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the hyponychium?

<p>Living tissue underneath the free edge of the nail</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the technical name for the nail?

<p>Onyx</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the matrix contain?

<p>Lymph, blood vessels, and nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average fingernail growth rate?

<p>1/8 inch per month for adults</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long does it take for an average fingernail to grow vs a toenail?

<p>4-6 months for fingernails, 12-18 months for toenails</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for any disease, disorder, or condition of the nail?

<p>Onychosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is etiology?

<p>The cause of disease, disorder, or condition</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the 6 signs of infection?

<p>Pain, swelling, redness, local fever, throbbing, and pus</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ringworm of the nail is known as:

<p>Tinea unguium or onychomycosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ringworm of the hand is known as:

<p>Tinea manus</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ringworm of the feet is also known as:

<p>Tinea pedis or athlete's foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

Inflammation of the skin around the nail is known as:

<p>Paronychia or felon</p> Signup and view all the answers

Shedding of falling off of nails is referred to as:

<p>Onychoptosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Inflammation of the nail matrix is called:

<p>Onychia</p> Signup and view all the answers

A trophy of nail or wasting away of nail is known as:

<p>Onychatrophia</p> Signup and view all the answers

Loosening or separation of the nail is referred to as:

<p>Onycholysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bluish nails indicate what?

<p>Blue nails</p> Signup and view all the answers

Very soft, thin nails are referred to as:

<p>Eggshell nails</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does horizontal wavy ridges across nail indicate?

<p>Corrugations</p> Signup and view all the answers

Nails with a concave shape are known as:

<p>Koilonychia or spoon nails</p> Signup and view all the answers

Indented vertical lines down the nail plate are called:

<p>Furrows</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is onychogryposis?

<p>Claw nails, increased curvature of nails</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ingrown nails are referred to as:

<p>Onychocryptosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does brown or black darkening of the nail indicate?

<p>Melanonychia</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is thickening of the nail plate or an abnormal outgrowth of the nail called?

<p>Onychauxis or hypertrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are split cuticles, loose skin partially separated from cuticle called?

<p>Agnails or hangnails</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does dark purplish discoloration under the nail indicate?

<p>Bruised nails or splinter hemorrhages</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are white spots appearing in the nail called?

<p>Leukonychia</p> Signup and view all the answers

Living skin that becomes attached to nail plate is called?

<p>Pterygium</p> Signup and view all the answers

Indented similar to corrugations that run across nail are known as:

<p>Beau's Lines</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Nail Anatomy and Growth

  • Mantle: Watertight seal protecting the nail matrix from infection.
  • Free edge: The part of the nail plate that extends beyond the fingertip.
  • Perionychium: Living tissue covering the sides of the nail plate.
  • Nail bed: The area on which the nail plate rests.
  • Keratin: Protein found in nails, skin, and hair.
  • Onychology: The study of nail structure and growth.

Nail Conditions and Disorders

  • Tinea pedis: Also known as athlete's foot.
  • Onycholysis: Loosening or separation of the nail.
  • Onychorrhexis: Term for split or brittle nails.
  • Onychophagy: Another name for bitten nails.
  • Lunula: White half-moon shape at the base of the nail.
  • Hyponychium: Living tissue underneath the free edge of the nail.
  • Onyx: Technical term for the nail.
  • Nail matrix: Contains lymph, blood vessels, and nerves.

Nail Growth and Development

  • Average growth rate: Fingernails grow at 1/8 inch per month in adults.
  • Growth duration: Fingernails take 4-6 months to grow; toenails take 12-18 months.

Nail Diseases and Etiology

  • Onychosis: Any disease, disorder, or condition affecting the nail.
  • Etiology: The cause of a disease or condition.
  • Signs of infection: Pain, swelling, redness, local fever, throbbing, and pus.

Fungal and Skin Conditions

  • Tinea unguium: Ringworm of the nail, also known as onychomycosis.
  • Tinea manus: Ringworm of the hand.
  • Paronychia: Inflammation of the skin around the nail.
  • Onychoptosis: Shedding or falling off of nails.
  • Onychia: Inflammation of the nail matrix.
  • Onychatrophia: Wasting away of the nail.

Abnormal Nail Characteristics

  • Blue nails: Bluish discoloration of nails.
  • Eggshell nails: Very soft, thin nails.
  • Corrugations: Horizontal wavy ridges across the nail.
  • Koilonychia: Concave-shaped nails, known as spoon nails.
  • Furrows: Indented vertical lines down the nail plate.
  • Onychogryposis: Claw nails with increased curvature.
  • Onychocryptosis: Ingrown nails.
  • Melanonychia: Brown or black discoloration of the nail.
  • Onychauxis: Thickening of the nail plate or abnormal growth.
  • Agnails: Split cuticles with loose skin partially separated from the cuticle.
  • Bruised nails: Dark purplish discoloration under the nail.
  • Leukonychia: White spots appearing in the nail.
  • Pterygium: Living skin attached to the nail plate at the eponychium or hyponychium.
  • Beau's Lines: Indentations running across the nail similar to corrugations.

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Test your knowledge of nail anatomy and terminology with these flashcards. Each card features a key term related to nail theory, along with its definition. Perfect for cosmetology students and anyone interested in nail care.

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