Milady Chapter 9 Quiz & Flashcards on Nail Structure

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Questions and Answers

What is bed epithelium?

Thin layer of tissue that attaches the nail plate and the nail bed.

What is eponychium?

Living skin at the base of the natural nail plate that covers the matrix area.

What is the free edge?

Part of the nail plate that extends over the tip of the finger or toe.

What is hyponychium?

Slightly thickened layer of skin that lies between the fingertip and free edge of the natural nail plate. Signup and view all the answers

What is a ligament?

Tough band of fibrous tissue that connects bones or holds an organ in place. Signup and view all the answers

What is the lunula?

Visible part of the matrix that extends from underneath the living skin; it is the whitish, half-moon shape at the base of the nail. Signup and view all the answers

What is the nail bed?

Portion of the living skin that supports the nail plate as it grows toward the free edge. Signup and view all the answers

What is the nail cuticle?

Dead, colorless tissue attached to the natural nail plate. Signup and view all the answers

What are nail folds?

Folds of normal skin that surround the natural nail plate. Signup and view all the answers

What are nail grooves?

Slits or furrows on the sides of the sidewall. Signup and view all the answers

What is the nail plate?

Hardened keratin plate that sits on and covers the natural nail bed. Signup and view all the answers

What is the natural nail?

Also known as onyx; the hard protective plate composed mainly of keratin. Signup and view all the answers

What is the natural nail unit?

Composed of the nail plate, nail bed, matrix cuticle, eponychium, hyponychium, specialized ligaments, and nail fold. Signup and view all the answers

What is the sidewall?

Also known as lateral nail fold; the fold of skin overlapping the side of the nail. Signup and view all the answers

What is made of dead cells so they do not require oxygen?

Nail plates Signup and view all the answers

____ cells, so they do require oxygen, vitamins, and minerals.

Nail beds Signup and view all the answers

What does a healthy nail look like?

Firm, flexible, shiny surface, smooth, and unspotted with no wavy ridges, pits, or splits. Signup and view all the answers

What is the water content of a healthy nail?

15 - 25 percent Signup and view all the answers

How many layers of nail cells make up the nail plate?

100 layers Signup and view all the answers

What is contained in the matrix?

Nerves, lymph, & blood vessels Signup and view all the answers

What determines the thickness, width, and curvature of the natural nail plate?

The length, width, and curvature of the matrix Signup and view all the answers

Why are toenails thicker and harder than fingernails?

The toenail matrix is longer than the fingernail matrix. Signup and view all the answers

What are cosmetologists permitted to do?

Gently push back the eponychium Signup and view all the answers

What is the average rate of nail growth in the normal adult per month?

1/10" (2.5 mm) Signup and view all the answers

Children's nails grow ____ than adult nails.

more rapidly Signup and view all the answers

Elderly adults grow ____ than adult or children's nails.

more slowly Signup and view all the answers

In which season do nails grow faster?

Summer Signup and view all the answers

In which season do nails grow slower?

Winter Signup and view all the answers

Which finger has faster nail growth than all other nails?

Middle finger Signup and view all the answers

Which finger has slower nail growth than all other nails?

Thumb Signup and view all the answers

When can the shape or thickness of the nail plate change?

Disease, injury or infection in matrix Signup and view all the answers

How long does it take for a fingernail to be replaced?

4 - 6 months Signup and view all the answers

How long does it take for a toenail to be replaced?

9 months - a year Signup and view all the answers

What protein is found in the natural nail and also in skin and hair?

Keratin Signup and view all the answers

Where are ligaments located?

The base of the matrix and around the wedges of the nail bed Signup and view all the answers

What does the eponychium grow up to?

The nail plate Signup and view all the answers

What is the cuticle adhered to?

The nail plate Signup and view all the answers

What affects poor nail appearance?

Poor health, nail disorder or disease, or injury to the matrix Signup and view all the answers

What is the true color of the matrix?

The lighter color of the lunula Signup and view all the answers

What system is the natural nail part of?

Integumentary system Signup and view all the answers

What is the natural nail considered?

Appendage of the skin Signup and view all the answers

What is used for the treatment of the eponychium, sidewalls, and hyponychium?

Cuticle moisturizers, softeners & conditioners Signup and view all the answers

What removes the dead cuticle tissue?

Cuticle remover Signup and view all the answers

What do sudoiferous (sweat) glands do?

The nail bed does not perspire; it is the skin around the nail that perspires. Signup and view all the answers

What forms the nail plate?

Matrix cells Signup and view all the answers

What property does the nail plate have?

Porous Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Nail Structure and Growth

Bed Epithelium: Thin tissue layer connecting the nail plate to the nail bed.
Eponychium: Living skin at the nail plate's base covering the matrix area.
Free Edge: Nail plate part extending over the tip of fingers or toes.
Hyponychium: Thickened skin layer between the fingertip and free edge of the nail plate.
Ligament: Tough, fibrous tissue band connecting bones or holding organs.

Nail Components

Lunula: Whitish, half-moon shaped area at the base of the nail, part of the matrix.
Nail Bed: Living skin portion that supports the nail plate as it grows.
Nail Cuticle: Dead, colorless tissue linked to the nail plate, sealing the space between it and living skin.
Nail Folds: Skin folds surrounding the natural nail plate.
Nail Grooves: Slits or furrows located on the sides of the sidewall.

Nail Characteristics

Nail Plate: Hard keratin covering the nail bed, the most visible part of the nail unit.
Natural Nail: Also known as onyx, made primarily of keratin, stronger than keratin in skin or hair.
Natural Nail Unit: Consists of nail plate, nail bed, matrix, cuticle, eponychium, hyponychium, ligaments, and nail folds.
Sidewall: Fold of skin overlapping the nail's side, also known as lateral nail fold.

Growth and Health

Hydration: Healthy nails have a water content of 15-25%, affecting flexibility.
Nail Growth Rates: Average growth is 1/10" (2.5 mm) per month; fingernails typically take 4-6 months to replace, while toenails take 9 months to a year.
Factors Influencing Growth: Nails grow faster in summer and slower in winter; children's nails grow faster than adults', while elderly adults' nails grow slower.
Fingernail Growth: The middle finger grows the fastest; the thumb grows the slowest.

Nail Condition and Care

Nail Plate Formation: Formed by matrix cells, consists of dead cells that do not require oxygen, while nail beds contain live cells needing oxygen and nutrients.
Nail Disorders: Changes in nail shape or thickness may arise from diseases, injuries, or infections in the matrix.
Poor Appearance Indicators: Nail health can reflect overall health; disorders or injuries to the matrix can lead to poor nail appearance.
Cuticle Care: Products like moisturizers and removers are used for eponychium, sidewalls, and hyponychium, not the cuticle itself.

Anatomy and Support

Nerves and Vessels: The matrix contains nerves, lymph, and blood vessels, crucial for nail growth and health.
Keratin Composition: Fibrous protein that comprises the natural nail, present in skin and hair.
Integumentary System: The natural nail is an appendage of the integumentary system, contributing to skin and nail health.
Porosity: The nail plate is porous, allowing water to permeate through it.

These notes cover essential terms, growth patterns, and health factors influencing nails, providing a comprehensive overview of nail structure and biology.

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Test your knowledge on the nail structure and growth with these flashcards from Milady Chapter 9. Explore key terms like bed epithelium, eponychium, and free edge to enhance your understanding of nail anatomy. Perfect for beauty students and professionals alike.

Milady Chapter 9 Nail Structure & Growth

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