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Questions and Answers
What is bed epithelium?
What is bed epithelium?
Thin layer of tissue that attaches the nail plate and the nail bed.
What is eponychium?
What is eponychium?
Living skin at the base of the natural nail plate that covers the matrix area.
What is the free edge?
What is the free edge?
Part of the nail plate that extends over the tip of the finger or toe.
What is hyponychium?
What is hyponychium?
What is a ligament?
What is a ligament?
What is the lunula?
What is the lunula?
What is the nail bed?
What is the nail bed?
What is the nail cuticle?
What is the nail cuticle?
What are nail folds?
What are nail folds?
What are nail grooves?
What are nail grooves?
What is the nail plate?
What is the nail plate?
What is the natural nail?
What is the natural nail?
What is the natural nail unit?
What is the natural nail unit?
What is the sidewall?
What is the sidewall?
What is made of dead cells so they do not require oxygen?
What is made of dead cells so they do not require oxygen?
____ cells, so they do require oxygen, vitamins, and minerals.
____ cells, so they do require oxygen, vitamins, and minerals.
What does a healthy nail look like?
What does a healthy nail look like?
What is the water content of a healthy nail?
What is the water content of a healthy nail?
How many layers of nail cells make up the nail plate?
How many layers of nail cells make up the nail plate?
What is contained in the matrix?
What is contained in the matrix?
What determines the thickness, width, and curvature of the natural nail plate?
What determines the thickness, width, and curvature of the natural nail plate?
Why are toenails thicker and harder than fingernails?
Why are toenails thicker and harder than fingernails?
What are cosmetologists permitted to do?
What are cosmetologists permitted to do?
What is the average rate of nail growth in the normal adult per month?
What is the average rate of nail growth in the normal adult per month?
Children's nails grow ____ than adult nails.
Children's nails grow ____ than adult nails.
Elderly adults grow ____ than adult or children's nails.
Elderly adults grow ____ than adult or children's nails.
In which season do nails grow faster?
In which season do nails grow faster?
In which season do nails grow slower?
In which season do nails grow slower?
Which finger has faster nail growth than all other nails?
Which finger has faster nail growth than all other nails?
Which finger has slower nail growth than all other nails?
Which finger has slower nail growth than all other nails?
When can the shape or thickness of the nail plate change?
When can the shape or thickness of the nail plate change?
How long does it take for a fingernail to be replaced?
How long does it take for a fingernail to be replaced?
How long does it take for a toenail to be replaced?
How long does it take for a toenail to be replaced?
What protein is found in the natural nail and also in skin and hair?
What protein is found in the natural nail and also in skin and hair?
Where are ligaments located?
Where are ligaments located?
What does the eponychium grow up to?
What does the eponychium grow up to?
What is the cuticle adhered to?
What is the cuticle adhered to?
What affects poor nail appearance?
What affects poor nail appearance?
What is the true color of the matrix?
What is the true color of the matrix?
What system is the natural nail part of?
What system is the natural nail part of?
What is the natural nail considered?
What is the natural nail considered?
What is used for the treatment of the eponychium, sidewalls, and hyponychium?
What is used for the treatment of the eponychium, sidewalls, and hyponychium?
What removes the dead cuticle tissue?
What removes the dead cuticle tissue?
What do sudoiferous (sweat) glands do?
What do sudoiferous (sweat) glands do?
What forms the nail plate?
What forms the nail plate?
What property does the nail plate have?
What property does the nail plate have?
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Study Notes
Nail Structure and Growth
- Bed Epithelium: Thin tissue layer connecting the nail plate to the nail bed.
- Eponychium: Living skin at the nail plate's base covering the matrix area.
- Free Edge: Nail plate part extending over the tip of fingers or toes.
- Hyponychium: Thickened skin layer between the fingertip and free edge of the nail plate.
- Ligament: Tough, fibrous tissue band connecting bones or holding organs.
Nail Components
- Lunula: Whitish, half-moon shaped area at the base of the nail, part of the matrix.
- Nail Bed: Living skin portion that supports the nail plate as it grows.
- Nail Cuticle: Dead, colorless tissue linked to the nail plate, sealing the space between it and living skin.
- Nail Folds: Skin folds surrounding the natural nail plate.
- Nail Grooves: Slits or furrows located on the sides of the sidewall.
Nail Characteristics
- Nail Plate: Hard keratin covering the nail bed, the most visible part of the nail unit.
- Natural Nail: Also known as onyx, made primarily of keratin, stronger than keratin in skin or hair.
- Natural Nail Unit: Consists of nail plate, nail bed, matrix, cuticle, eponychium, hyponychium, ligaments, and nail folds.
- Sidewall: Fold of skin overlapping the nail's side, also known as lateral nail fold.
Growth and Health
- Hydration: Healthy nails have a water content of 15-25%, affecting flexibility.
- Nail Growth Rates: Average growth is 1/10" (2.5 mm) per month; fingernails typically take 4-6 months to replace, while toenails take 9 months to a year.
- Factors Influencing Growth: Nails grow faster in summer and slower in winter; children's nails grow faster than adults', while elderly adults' nails grow slower.
- Fingernail Growth: The middle finger grows the fastest; the thumb grows the slowest.
Nail Condition and Care
- Nail Plate Formation: Formed by matrix cells, consists of dead cells that do not require oxygen, while nail beds contain live cells needing oxygen and nutrients.
- Nail Disorders: Changes in nail shape or thickness may arise from diseases, injuries, or infections in the matrix.
- Poor Appearance Indicators: Nail health can reflect overall health; disorders or injuries to the matrix can lead to poor nail appearance.
- Cuticle Care: Products like moisturizers and removers are used for eponychium, sidewalls, and hyponychium, not the cuticle itself.
Anatomy and Support
- Nerves and Vessels: The matrix contains nerves, lymph, and blood vessels, crucial for nail growth and health.
- Keratin Composition: Fibrous protein that comprises the natural nail, present in skin and hair.
- Integumentary System: The natural nail is an appendage of the integumentary system, contributing to skin and nail health.
- Porosity: The nail plate is porous, allowing water to permeate through it.
These notes cover essential terms, growth patterns, and health factors influencing nails, providing a comprehensive overview of nail structure and biology.
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