Nail Structure and Growth

Nail Structure and Growth

• Onyxology is the study of the growth and structure of nails.
• Etiology studies the cause of disease.
• The eponychium overlaps the lunula at the nail base, commonly referred to as the cuticle.
• Inflammation at the nail base with pus, if untreated, can cause nail loss, referred to as onychia
• Onychophagy is the technical term for bitten nails.
• Onychocryptosis, or ingrown toenails, can result from tight shoes/improper trimming.
• Excessively tight shoes can cause onychocryptosis.
• Ridge filler is a nail product to smooth and fill minor nail depressions.
• Keratin is the primary substance composing nails
• The nail plate, from root to free edge, contains no blood vessels or nerves.
• The nail plate rests on the nail bed, which contains blood vessels & nerves
• The eponychium is where the nail enters the skin at the nail base.
• The hyponychium is the tissue beneath the nail's free edge.
• The nail matrix contains blood, lymph, and nerves which generate new nail cells.
• The nail matrix is the active tissue that generates new nail cells.
• The nail matrix and nail root are located in the nail mantle, a cup-like pocket structure.
• Leuconychia usually presents as white spots/streaks on the nails.
• Onyx is the Latin/medical term for nails.
• It takes approximately 3-6 months for a lost/removed fingernail to grow back.
• It takes approximately 3-6 months to grow a new nail plate / nail body
• It takes approximately 9-18 months for a lost/removed toenail to grow back.
• Matrix destroyed means that the nail will not grow again.
• The nail matrix and nail root are located in the nail mantle.

Nail Conditions and Treatments

• A technician should use styptic powder/powdered alum if bleeding occurs during a nail service.
• Filing natural nails should always be done from corner to center
• The technical term for a hangnail is agnail.
• Mold and infection can result when artificial nails lift from the nail bed.
• Cuticle creams help prevent hang-nails/agnails.
• Onychophagy may increase blood flow to the nail matrix and cause the nail to grow faster.
• The nail matrix affects the nail's shape, size, and growth rate.
• The lunula is the half-moon at the nail base.
• Oil/moisture under nail enhancements can cause enhancements to lift/fall off.
• The largest bone in the arm is the humerus.
• Polishing should be applied in the order of base coat, enamel, topcoat.
• The ulna is the bone on the same side as the little finger
• Radius is the bone on the same side as the thumb
• Non-acetone should be used when removing polish from artificial nails.
• When removing artificial nails or nail enhancements, use acetone
• Technicians should find out if a client is diabetic before performing any nail service.
• Hot oil manicures are the best way to treat agnails.
• Manicuring/pedicuring implements should be kept on a clean towel when in use.
• Manicure/pedicure implements should be stored in a closed container when not in use.
• Plantar warts, caused by the HPV virus, are flat, hard, thick growths on the soles of the feet.
• Nail bleaches/lighteners typically contain hydrogen peroxide.
• Thickened white skin and watery blisters between the toes indicate Athlete's Foot/Tinea Pedis.
• Cuticle creams help prevent hang-nails/agnails.
• Antiseptic should be used, if bleeding occurs during a manicure / pedicure
• Pumice powder is commonly found in cuticle cream

Additional Nail Information

• Another name for Athlete's Foot is Ringworm of the feet / Tinea Pedis.
• Watery blisters and thickened whitish skin between the toes is known as Tinea pedis.
• Advise a hot oil manicure for brittle/dry nails or dry cuticles.
• Avoid filing or clipping into the corners to prevent ingrown toenails (onychocryptosis).
• A nipper is used to trim the cuticle.
• A bacterial infection with pus at the nail matrix is known as onychia
• The shin bone should not be massaged when giving a pedicure with a foot & leg massage.
• The shape of fingernails should conform to the shape of the client's fingers for a natural effect.
• Oval is considered the ideal nail shape by most nail technicians.
• Onychophagy is the technical term for bitten nails.
• When pushing back cuticles, a nail technician should hold the pusher angled with medium pressure.
• Agnail is another term for the nail wall
• To remove a client's acrylic nails, use nippers to remove the unwanted acrylic nail, then soak off the remainder in acetone.
• Pterygium is a condition describing a forward growth of the cuticle covering most of the nail plate/body
• Onychatrophia is the atrophy or wasting away of the nail plate due to injury or disease
• Grooves/Tracks are tracks on the nail's sides, through which it moves as it grows.
• The eponychium overlaps the lunula at the base of the nail.
• The perionychium is the skin surrounding, touching, and overlapping the nail on 3 sides.
• Square-shaped nails are recommended for individuals who work on computer keyboards.
• Podiatry is the field of medicine dealing specifically with the feet and related issues.
• Free edge is the portion of the nail extending beyond the end of the finger/toes and protecting the tips.
• Lunula is the crescent-shaped whitish area of the nail bed (not always visible).
• The perionychium surrounds, touches, and overlaps the nail.
• Paronychia is the inflammation of the skin surrounding the nail plate/body.
• Perionychium is the fold of skin at the sides of the nail.
• The metacarpus/palm of the hand contains five long & slender bones.
• The carpus/wrist contains 8 bones.
• Hyponychium is the tissue beneath the distal end (free edge) of the nail and the finger or toe.
• Hyponychium is the skin under the free edge.
• Agnail is the technical term for a "hangnail".
• Hyponychium is skin beneath/under the free edge of the nail.
• Onychia is an inflammation at the base of the nail.
• To improve adhesion is the primary purpose of nail primer.
• Ridge filler can be used smooth out imperfections in a client's natural nails.
• Ultra-violet lite is used to dry and harden gel nails.
• Powdered Alum is often used in the salon in styptic to stop bleeding from minor cuts.
• One function of "primer" is to allow for better bonding
• The nail plate can be harmed by the excessive heat often generated by electric nail sanders.
• A steel nail pusher should only be used on a moist nail.
• Acetone softens sculptured, artificial, or gel nails.
• A dehydrator is used to absorb oil & moisture
• The eponychium is found at the base of the nail often overlapping the lunula.
• The Latin/medical/technical term for nails is Onyx.
• Very thin nails (brittle and less flexible than usual) referred to as Eggshell nails.
• The area found at the nail base, which may overlap the lunula and extend as far back as the first knuckle is the eponychium.
• Hyponychium is the tissue under of the free edge of the nail.
• The nail mantle is the deep fold of skin within which the nail root & matrix are found.
• Nail bed contains many nerves and blood vessels.
• Nail Corrugations are wavy nail ridges, often the result of uneven growth due to injury.
• Both filing dry nails is easier for the nail tech and filing damp nails is more difficult, which is why a nail tech will shape/file nails before soaking.
• The nail will not grow again if the nail matrix is destroyed.
• The nail mantle is where the nail matrix and nail root are found
• The eponychium prevents bacteria/infection from getting to the nail matrix.
• The eponychium overlaps the lunula.
• All nourishment is supplied to the nail from the nail root.
• A buffed natural nail is required before a nail tech applies artificial nail enhancements.
• The improper use of nail nippers can result in agnails.
• Dry cuticles may result agnail (hangnails).
• Paronychia is a bacterial infection of the tissue around the nail.
• Hydrogen peroxide is the active ingredient in nail bleach or whiteners.
• The shape of the fingertips determines the shape of the nail should comform to the shape of the fingertips for the most natural look.
• Excessive primer will not cause nail fungus.
• The pedicure process begins by soaking the feet in a disinfectant footbath.
• Cuticles: The proper procedure for dealing with cuticles are They should not be cut unless the client insists..
• Onychophagy is biting of the nails.
• The largest bone in the arm is the Humerous

Other Information

• Those who failed the cosmetology exam only failed by a few questions and cosmetology students tend to make more mistakes on the manicuring questions than in most any other area.

Haircutting

• The perimeter is at the outer edges when discussing a haircut.
• Hair should be dry cut before straightening extremely curly hair.
• It is recommended to dry cut kinky curly hair after straightened.
• When cutting extremely curly hair, avoid a razor and thinning shears.
• There should be no tension when cutting a "cowlick".
• The hair should be dry when cutting hair with electric clippers.
• Hair should be wet or damp when cutting hair with a razor
• Hair should be damp, the reason razor cutting requires damp hair is to avoid pulling the hair.
• Thinning shears are primarily used to decrease bulk.
• Blunt is not a name for tapering.
• Graduated layering means the hair lengths have been Cut
• Clippers would not be useful to thin out hair.
• Prong is not a part of cutting shears.
• Finger Brace / Guard is where the little finger rests on cutting shears
• Layering very close to the skin can be achieved with the "shears over comb" technique
• The lungs resupply blood with oxygen.
• Maximum tension is recommended in cutting very straight hair.
• A one inch hold the razor, or thinning shears when clients has fine, dense hair and wants it thinned out
• Cutting the hair to be blunt and straight across is a method for Club cutting
• Create The appearance of height by cutting Short in front, but longer in back
• Give a blunt cut when trying to create more body In fine hair.
• Angle Of razor strokes Determines The amount of hair removed In one razor stroke
• A smooth edge when slithering hair, Will have best results When using shears
• Barber comb is The flexible comb, used In a "scissors over comb" technique, Creates close fitting neckline
• Shears can be used on wet or dry hear.
• Shear or clipper and be used on dry hair.
• Shear are best used wet/damp hair
• Horizontal hair-cutting lines are used to create a sense of weight and stability
• Diagonal hair-cutting lines are used to create a sense/illusion of movement
• Elevation is the angle/degree to hold hair prior when cuting
• Hard lines tend to be created from a blunt cut.
• The Barber comb is generally used with the Shear over comb cutting technique
• The area for which you should work within, in the "Shear over comb" Technique should Be, No wider than the comb
• Length of the hair Is Determined by The "Shear over comb" comb when cutting
• Stylist should begin the haircut while use the Shears over comb technique from the nape
• Refuse service, if your Client Has Live
• Go against direction of, to get the best results When Cutting Hair with Clippers