Questions and Answers
What is the recommended treatment for an ingrown toenail without infection?
Which method is most effective for preventing the development of blisters during sports?
What factor is commonly associated with the development of blisters in athletes?
Which of the following is NOT a suggested method to prevent onycholysis in athletes?
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Which of the following statements about management of blisters is FALSE?
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What condition is characterized by the separation of the nail plate from the nail bed?
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Which of the following is a predisposing cause for the formation of blisters?
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What is a common cause of onychocryptosis in individuals?
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What is the primary cause of corns?
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What is the most common agent responsible for Tinea Pedis?
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What is an effective preventive measure against fungal infections like Tinea Pedis?
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Which of the following treatments is considered a last resort for the removal of warts?
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When treating a puncture wound in the foot, what is the most critical step?
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What is a recommended treatment option for calluses?
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What type of pressure causes calluses to form?
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To help alleviate increased pressure areas caused by deformities, which of the following is a common intervention?
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What is the primary prevention method for subungual hematoma in athletes?
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Which condition is characterized by dark red or black discoloration of the toenail due to bleeding beneath the nail bed?
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What is the recommended treatment for a painful subungual hematoma?
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Which nail pathology occurs primarily due to improper shoe fit and can lead to dorsal nail pain?
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What is the long-term solution for recurrent fungal infections in athletes?
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Which of the following is NOT a typical treatment method for blisters in athletes?
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What is one of the main reasons that athletes develop corns and calluses?
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What is the treatment approach for an ingrown toenail causing significant pain?
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Which of the following actions is NOT recommended for managing blisters on the feet?
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Which condition is most commonly associated with a hyperextension injury of the 1st MTP joint?
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What imaging modality is primarily used to visualize soft tissue injuries related to nail pathologies?
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What is a common cause of onycholysis in athletes?
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Which of the following is an effective strategy to prevent fungal infections in athletes?
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When is it appropriate to consider surgical intervention for an ingrown toenail?
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Study Notes
Nail Pathologies
Onycholysis
- Separation of the nail plate from the nail bed
- Common in athletes due to acute trauma or chronic microtrauma
- Nutrient deficiencies (e.g., iron, riboflavin) can contribute
- Prevention includes well-fitting shoes and nutrient supplementation
- Treatment for loose and painful toenails: total nail avulsion
Onychocryptosis
- Also known as an ingrown toenail
- Caused by improperly fitting shoes and improper nail care (e.g., cutting nails too short)
- Can present with or without infection
- Prevention involves properly fitted shoes and good nail care
- Treatment may require partial nail avulsion or matrixectomy
Skin Pathologies
Blisters
- Develop from shear forces in sports requiring quick changes in direction
- Caused by separation of the epidermis from the dermis filled with serous fluid
- Predisposing factors: tight/narrow shoes, large shoes, synthetic surfaces, deformities causing friction
- Prevention: well-fitting shoes, thick socks, forgiving surfaces, and moleskin
- Treatment options include drainage, excision as a last resort, or laser treatment
Corns/Calluses
- Hyperkeratotic lesions resulting from increased pressure
- Corns arise from compressive pressure; calluses from shear pressure
- Prevention strategies involve proper shoe fitting, orthosis, and moisturizing creams
- Treatment includes debridement, strapping/padding, orthoses, and addressing deformities
Tinea Pedis
- Fungal infection commonly known as athlete’s foot
- Characterized by itching, burning, and often accompanied by cracks in the skin
- Caused by fungi like Trichophyton species and can lead to bacterial superinfection
- Prevention focuses on good hygiene, cotton socks, antifungal powders, and protective sandals
- Treatment involves topical antifungals and oral medications for persistent cases
Foreign Body/Puncture Wound
- Commonly occurs on the foot, especially if barefoot or through shoes
- Treatment includes tetanus prophylaxis (especially for punctures), foreign body removal, and infection evaluation
Proprioception and Strength Training
- Important for functional stability and preventing ankle sprains
- Proprioception training can enhance body awareness before a potential sprain
- Exercises include using wobble boards, BAPS boards, BOSU balls, and balance pads
Surgical Treatments
- Anatomic repairs involve reapproximating ligaments, with Brostrom being most common
- Non-anatomic repairs can include single or double ligament reconstructions
Turf Toe
- Injury related to hyperextension of the 1st MTPJ causing disruption of the ligamentous complex
- Commonly occurs on artificial turf surfaces, but similar injuries reported on natural grass
- Caused by axial loads while the foot is positioned in equinus with the great toe extended
- Symptoms include edema, ecchymosis, and pain specific to the dorsal or plantar areas
- Imaging (AP, Lateral, MRI) can help diagnose soft tissue injuries and structural disruptions
- Graded from I (attenuation) to III (complete disruption), with varying treatments and return-to-play timelines
Nail Pathologies Related to Sports
- Sports-related nail pathologies often stem from improperly fitted footwear
- Common conditions include subungual hematoma, onycholysis, and onychocryptosis
Subungual Hematoma
- Also referred to as "runner’s toe," characterized by dark discoloration due to bleeding beneath the nail
- Pain arises from pressure buildup and can be caused by chronic or acute trauma
- Prevention emphasizes proper shoe fit with sufficient toe box space
- Treatment options: natural resolution, trephining for pain relief, nail avulsion for severe cases, and biopsy if melanoma is suspected
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Description
This quiz covers various nail and skin pathologies, including onycholysis, onychocryptosis, and blisters. It discusses their causes, prevention strategies, and treatment options. Ideal for students studying dermatology or related health fields.