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Questions and Answers

Det funktionelle enzym kaldes

  • Holoenzym (correct)
  • Apoenzym
  • Prostetisk gruppe

Hvad er sandt om en sur aminosyre?

  • Den har en phenylring i sidekæden
  • Den har en primær amin i sidekæden
  • Den har en carboxylsyregruppe i sidekæden (correct)

Actin filamentet er involveret i

  • DNA syntese
  • Bevægelse af celler (correct)
  • Cellens plasmamembran

Cellens organeller kan bevæge sig via

<p>Microtubuli (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cellens membran består primært af

<p>Phospholipider (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Nmol/min kan være enheden for

<p>Vmax (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Et allosterisk enzym adskiller sig fra et Michaelis-Menten enzym ved

<p>At andre molekyler end substrat og produkt kan påvirke enzymets aktivitet (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Exocytose kan beskrives som

<p>En mekanisme til at frisætte molekyler fra en celle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Endosomer står for

<p>Nedbrydning af proteiner (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Intermediate filaments

<p>Giver cellen mekanisk styrke (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The fluid mosaic model taler man om i forbindelse med

<p>Cellens membran (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hvilket af følgende udsagn er korrekt om phospholipider?

<p>De består bl.a. af to fedtsyrekæder (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Transport af vesikler mellem ER og Golgiapparatet kræver involvering af

<p>Motorproteiner (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hvilket af følgende organel står for at producere kemisk energi i form af ATP?

<p>Mitokondrier (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hvilken af følgende er en aminosyre?

<p>Glutamat (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hvilken af følgende aminosyrer er polær?

<p>Aspartat (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Et transportsystem der kan transportere et molekyle, A, i begge retninger afhængig af gradienten er

<p>Uniport i forhold til A (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hvis transporten af molekyle A er koblet til Na+-gradienten, er transporten

<p>Ikke energikrævende (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Molekyle A transporteres via et Na+-koblet transportsystem, og A og Na+ transporteres antiport ift. hinanden. Hvilket af følgende udsagn er korrekt i dette tilfælde?

<p>A transporteres ud ad cellen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hvilket af følgende er en second messenger?

<p>cAMP (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Et G protein finder man i forbindelse med

<p>Receptorer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Enzymer virker ved at

<p>Mindske aktiveringsenergien for en given reaktion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hvilken af nedenstående interaktioner er generelt vigtigst for foldningen af vandopløselige proteiner?

<p>Dannelse af hydrogenbindinger (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hvilken kemisk forskel er der imellem DNA og RNA mhp. på sukkerdelen?

<p>DNA har et H-atom i 2' positionen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hvilke interaktioner stabiliserer en alfa-helix?

<p>Hydrogenbindinger i proteinets backbone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under DNA replikation udfører ligase en yderst vigtig funktion; hvilken enzymatisk reaktion katalyserer ligasen?

<p>Kovalent binding imellem Okazaki fragmenter (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Enzym

Et protein, der katalyserer kemiske reaktioner i cellen.

Holoenzym

Det aktive enzym, der indeholder både det proteindelen (apoenzym) og eventuelle nødvendige ko-faktorer (prostetisk gruppe).

Sur aminosyre

En aminosyre, der indeholder en carboxylsyregruppe i sidekæden.

Actin filament

En vigtig komponent i cytoskelettet, der er involveret i cellebevægelse og celleform.

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Microtubulus

Cytoskeletale rørformede strukturer, der bruges til transport af organeller og til celledeling.

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Phospholipider

Hovedbestanddel i cellemembraner. De har en hydrofil hovedgruppe og to hydrofobe fedtsyrekæder.

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Vmax

Den maksimale reaktionshastighed for et enzym, når det er mættet med substrat.

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Allosterisk enzym

Enzym, hvis aktivitet reguleres af bindinger til andre molekyler end substrat eller produkt.

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Exocytose

En proces, hvor celler frigiver molekyler fra indersiden til ydersiden af cellen.

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Endosomer

Cellulære organeller involveret i nedbrydning af makromolekyler.

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Intermediate filaments

Cytoskeletale strukturer, der giver cellen mekanisk styrke og holdbarhed.

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Fluid mosaic model

En model for cellemembranens struktur, der beskriver membranen som en flydende mosaik af proteiner og lipider.

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Phospholipider

Vigtigste bestanddel i cellemembraner med en hydrofob(vandafskydende) hale og en hydrofil(vandopløselig) hoved.

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Vesikler

Lille membranbundne sekker der transporterer molekyler mellem cellens organeller.

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Motorproteiner

Proteiner der driver transport af materialer langs cytoskelet.

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CO2

Kuldioxid, der kan bevæge sig frit over plasmamembranen

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Glat ER

Del af endoplasmatisk retikulum involveret i calciumionregulering.

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Study Notes

Multiple Choice - Detaljer Study Notes

  • Enzymer:
    • Function: Enzymes decrease the activation energy for a reaction
    • Holoenzyme: The complete, active enzyme
    • Apoenzyme: The protein portion of an enzyme
    • Prosthetic group: Non-protein parts of some enzymes
  • Amino Acids:
    • Some amino acids have a side chain with a carboxyl group, making them acidic.
    • The side chain can contain an amino group, making the amino acid basic.
    • Some amino acid side chains contain a phenyl ring
  • Actin Filaments:
    • Involved in cell movement.
  • Cellular Organelles:
    • Mitochondria: Produce ATP (cellular energy)
    • ER (Endoplasmic Reticulum): Involved in protein synthesis and transport
    • Endosomes: Involved in protein degradation and sorting
    • Golgi-apparatet: Involved in protein modification and sorting
    • Lysosomes: Involved in the breakdown of molecules
    • Cytoskeleton: Maintain cell shape and structure, and support cell movement
  • Phospholipider:
    • Key component of cell membranes
    • Consist of a glycerol backbone, phosphate group, and two fatty acid chains.
  • Enzyme Types:
    • Allosteric Enzymes: Regulation of activity by molecules other than the substrate.
    • Can be regulated by molecules other than substrate
  • Exocytosis:
    • Process where molecules are released from a cell
  • Transport:
    • Molecules can be transported across cell membranes via various processes, including active and passive transport.
  • Intermediate Filaments:
    • Provide mechanical strength to cells
  • Second Messenger:
    • Small molecules that relay signals in the cell
  • DNA and RNA Structure:
    • Differences in the structure of DNA and RNA affect their function.
    • Sugar molecules (ribose vs. deoxyribose) and specific bases

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