Myocardial Perfusion Imaging Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of a cardiac stress test?

To evaluate myocardial ischemia and higher myocardial oxygen requirement (correct)

To monitor heart rate

To measure blood pressure

To assess lung function

What are the noninvasive ways to evaluate abnormalities in cardiovascular function?

Stress test procedures, MRI, and CT scan

Electrocardiogram (ECG) only

Blood tests

Exercise stress test, pharmacologic stress test, and radionucleotide imaging studies (correct)

When are cardiac imaging studies performed during the stress test?

During the recovery period

During the resting state and immediately after stress testing (correct)

During the exercise phase

During the initial consultation

What can the results of a cardiac stress test identify?

Specific coronary artery lesions and ischemic areas of the heart Signup and view all the answers

What complications can arise from stress testing?

Life-threatening events such as myocardial infarction (MI) and cardiac arrest Signup and view all the answers

Why must testing facilities have staff and equipment ready to provide treatment?

To provide advanced cardiac life support in case of complications Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of atherosclerosis on coronary artery dilation during increased metabolic demands?

It causes the arteries to dilate less than usual Signup and view all the answers

Why are abnormalities in cardiovascular function more likely to be detected during times of increased oxygen demand?

Because compromised blood flow to the myocardium causes ischemia at that time Signup and view all the answers

What are some of the things monitored during exercise stress tests?

Heart rate, rhythm, and ischemic changes Signup and view all the answers

Why are patients instructed to fast before stress tests?

To avoid interference with test results Signup and view all the answers

What are the side effects of vasodilating agents used in pharmacologic stress tests?

Chest pain, headache, flushing, nausea Signup and view all the answers

How do vasodilating agents affect the body during stress tests?

Mimic the effects of exercise Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using radionuclide imaging tests in stress testing?

Evaluate coronary artery perfusion and detect myocardial ischemia Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of myocardial perfusion imaging used in stress testing?

Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) Signup and view all the answers

What does dobutamine, a synthetic sympathomimetic agent, do in pharmacologic stress tests?

Increase heart rate, contractility, and blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

What should patients avoid before pharmacologic stress tests?

'Caffeine and xanthine derivatives' Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI)?

To assess heart function and detect cardiac ischemia Signup and view all the answers

What are fixed defects in myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI)?

Areas of the myocardium with no perfusion that do not change in size before and after stress testing Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended follow-up procedure after a positive myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) test result?

Cardiac catheterization Signup and view all the answers

Which technique of MPI uses radioactive tracers to determine blood flow and metabolic function?

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the nurse in myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI)?

Explaining the procedure, administering the tracer, and reassuring the patient about safety concerns Signup and view all the answers

What are reversible defects in myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI)?

Areas of the myocardium with reduced perfusion that appear or get larger after stress testing Signup and view all the answers

What is the detection rate of myocardial ischemia for Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT)?

80% - 90% Signup and view all the answers

What is a common concern for patients prior to myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) procedure?

Potential allergic reaction to the tracers Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of echocardiography?

To evaluate heart structures and functions Signup and view all the answers

Which type of echocardiography involves threading a transducer through the mouth and into the esophagus?

Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE)?

Respiratory depression and aspiration Signup and view all the answers

What does the nurse do before transthoracic echocardiography?

Explains the test, instructs the patient on preparation, and checks IV line Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of stress testing using echocardiography?

Assessing for decreased perfusion Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) over transthoracic echocardiography?

High-quality images obtained Signup and view all the answers

What does the nurse do after transthoracic echocardiography?

Maintain bed rest for recovery Signup and view all the answers

What is the common use of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE)?

Risk assessment for thrombi Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of continuous cardiac monitoring for patients undergoing certain procedures or treatments?

To detect changes in heart rate, rhythm, and conduction Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common purpose of using telemetry (mobile cardiac monitor)?

To monitor ECG, RR, and SpO2 continuously Signup and view all the answers

What does telemetry monitoring help to detect and manage?

Arrhythmias Signup and view all the answers

Why are patients aged 2 years and less not recommended for telemetry monitoring?

Due to the small size of the electrodes and potential skin integrity issues Signup and view all the answers

What does an arrhythmia refer to?

A rhythm in which the heart beats in an irregular or abnormal way Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary responsibility of nursing staff regarding telemetry monitoring?

Knowing their patient's whereabouts at all times Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of baseline 12 or 15 lead ECGs before commencing telemetry monitoring?

To identify any existing ECG abnormalities Signup and view all the answers

What influences the accuracy of cardiac monitoring?

Equipment maintenance, patient monitoring, and education Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Patients undergoing procedural sedation are monitored for dyspnea, vitals, SpO2, level of consciousness, and gag reflex as per agency policy.
Food and fluids are withheld until patients are fully alert and the effects of anesthetic agents are reversed.
Patients may experience a sore throat for up to 24 hours and should report any persistent symptoms, shortness of breath, or difficulty swallowing.
Cardiac monitoring is crucial in detecting changes in heart rate, rhythm, and conduction, and is essential for life-threatening arrhythmia detection.
Continuous cardiac monitoring is achieved through a cardiac monitor connected to a cable lead and skin electrodes, providing a single view (commonly lead II).
Patients at risk of adverse events requiring cardiac monitoring include those with chest pain, palpitations, acute coronary syndrome, major surgery, major trauma, acute medical conditions, unexplained syncope episodes, shock, or undergoing specific treatments.
Telemetry (mobile cardiac monitor) is used for continuous ECG, RR, and SpO2 monitoring, and is particularly useful for children diagnosed with a known/unknown arrhythmia, children at risk of arrhythmia, or children anticipated to be at risk of sudden cardiac deterioration.
Telemetry is not a replacement for patient visualization and assessment.
Skin preparation, electrode and lead placement, equipment maintenance, patient monitoring, and education are necessary for accurate cardiac monitoring.
Telemetry improves patient safety and reduces anxiety when used appropriately with adequate education.
Patients should be assessed daily for the appropriateness of cardiac telemetry, with acutely unwell patients at risk of life-threatening arrhythmias receiving strict bed rest and continuous monitoring.
Patients aged 2 years and less are not recommended for telemetry due to electrode size and potential skin integrity issues.
Baseline 12 or 15 lead ECGs should be taken before commencing telemetry monitoring.
Patients on telemetry should be visualized hourly, with every ECG alarm prompting visualization and assessment.
Nursing staff are responsible for knowing their patient's whereabouts at all times.
Accurate lead placement and good skin preparation reduce false readings.
Skin that is clean and dry allows for better electrode adherence and a more accurate ECG.
Collapse refers to circulatory/hemodynamic collapse for the purpose of this guideline.
Telemetry is not recommended for patients with a collapsed condition due to the inability to monitor effectively.
Telemetry is a portable device that continuously monitors patient ECG, respiratory rate, and/or oxygen saturations while transmitting information to a central monitor.
An ECG is a diagnostic tool that measures and records the electrical activity of the heart via electrodes placed on the skin.
An electrode is a patch placed onto the patient that attaches to the lead wire.
A lead wire is the lead that connects the electrodes to the telemetry unit.
An arrhythmia is a rhythm in which the heart beats in an irregular or abnormal way.
External pacing is a temporary means of pacing the patient's heart through transcutaneous pacing or external wires coming from the atrium/ventricle.
There is a responsibility to know the patient's whereabouts at all times and toilet doors should not be locked.
Laminated signs may be used on doors instead.
Patients should be assessed daily for the appropriateness of telemetry.
Acutely unwell patients at risk of life-threatening arrhythmias should be on strict bed rest and continuously monitored on the bedside monitor and close to emergency equipment.
Patients aged 2 years and less are not recommended for telemetry due to the size of the electrodes and potential skin integrity issues.
Baseline 12 or 15 lead ECGs should be taken before commencing telemetry monitoring.
Patients on telemetry should be visualized hourly, with every ECG alarm prompting visualization and assessment.
Nursing staff are responsible for knowing their patient's whereabouts at all times.
Accurate lead placement and good skin preparation reduce false readings.
Skin that is clean and dry allows for better electrode adherence and a more accurate ECG.
Collapse refers to circulatory/hemodynamic collapse.
Patients with a collapsed condition are not recommended for telemetry monitoring due to the inability to monitor effectively.
Telemetry is a portable device that continuously monitors patient ECG, respiratory rate, and/or oxygen saturations while transmitting information to a central monitor.
An ECG is a diagnostic tool that measures and records the electrical activity of the heart via electrodes placed on the skin.
An electrode is a patch placed onto the patient that attaches to the lead wire.
A lead wire is the lead that connects the electrodes to the telemetry unit.
An arrhythmia is a rhythm in which the heart beats in an irregular or abnormal way.
External pacing is a temporary means of pacing the patient's heart through transcutaneous pacing or external wires coming from the atrium/ventricle.
Patients with a collapsed condition are not recommended for telemetry monitoring due to the inability to monitor effectively.
Telemetry is a vital tool for detecting life-threatening arrhythmias, and its use should be based on risk assessment and appropriate patient monitoring.
The most common arrhythmias are atrial fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, and ventricular fibrillation.
Arrhythmias can cause symptoms such as palpitations, chest pain, and shortness of breath.
Cardiac monitoring accuracy is influenced by factors such as equipment maintenance, patient monitoring, and education.
Telemetry monitoring is essential for the early detection and treatment of arrhythmias in patients at risk.
Telemetry monitoring is particularly useful for high-risk patients, such as those with a history of cardiac events, advanced heart disease, or unstable conditions.
Telemetry monitoring can also be used in outpatient settings for patients with conditions that put them at risk of sudden cardiac deterioration.
Education and training for patients and their families is crucial to ensure they understand the importance of telemetry monitoring and the signs and symptoms of arrhythmias.
Nurses who can identify ECG abnormalities are in a prime position to prompt immediate action and lessen patient complications.
Accurate lead placement and good skin preparation are important for reducing false readings and ensuring accurate monitoring.
Patients at risk of arrhythmias should be assessed daily for the appropriateness of telemetry monitoring.
The American Heart Association (AHA) recommends telemetry monitoring for patients with a high risk of cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.
The AHA also recommends continuous cardiac monitoring for patients undergoing certain procedures or treatments, such as cardiac catheterization, electrophysiology studies, and cardioversion.
Telemetry monitoring is not recommended for patients with a low risk of arrhythmias, as the benefits may not outweigh the costs and potential complications.
Telemetry monitoring offers a convenient and cost-effective way to monitor patients for arrhythmias, particularly in outpatient settings.
Telemetry monitoring can also be used in combination with other monitoring modalities, such as bedside monitoring and remote monitoring, to provide comprehensive patient care.
Telemetry monitoring can help to reduce hospital readmissions and improve patient outcomes by providing early detection and treatment of arrhythmias.
Telemetry monitoring is a safe and effective way to monitor patients for arrhythmias in various clinical settings.
Telemetry monitoring is a valuable tool for detecting and managing arrhythmias, particularly in high-risk patients, and can help to improve patient outcomes and prevent sudden cardiac death.
Telemetry monitoring is a non-invasive, continuous method of monitoring patients for arrhythmias, providing valuable information to healthcare professionals for early detection and treatment.
Telemetry monitoring can also help to reduce the need for invasive monitoring methods, such as intensive care unit (ICU) monitoring, and can provide cost savings for healthcare systems.
Telemetry monitoring can be used in conjunction with other monitoring modalities, such as vital signs monitoring and patient assessment, to provide comprehensive patient care.
Telemetry monitoring is a valuable tool for the early detection and treatment of arrhythmias, improving patient outcomes and reducing health care costs.
Telemetry monitoring can help to reduce the burden on healthcare systems by providing early detection and treatment of arrhythmias, reducing the need for hospitalization and emergency department visits.
Telemetry monitoring is a non-invasive, continuous method of monitoring patients for arrhythmias, providing valuable information to healthcare professionals for early detection and treatment.
Telemetry monitoring is a valuable tool for the early detection and treatment of arrhythm

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Description

Test your knowledge about the imaging techniques commonly used to assess arterial perfusion to the heart and evaluate myocardial damage. This quiz also covers the use of stress testing to compare images of the heart at rest and during activity or medication-induced stress.