Myocardial Oxygen Supply and Demand

Which of the following best describes the underlying cause of ischemic heart disease?

In a healthy individual, how does the heart typically respond to increased metabolic needs during exercise?

Which factor does NOT directly influence myocardial oxygen supply?

Why does the majority of coronary perfusion occur during diastole?

Which condition would most likely decrease myocardial oxygen supply?

During myocardial contraction, why is the subendocardium more vulnerable to ischemia?

Which of the following is the primary way the heart meets increased oxygen demands?

Which local metabolite is a potent vasodilator and plays a primary role in mediating vascular tone in response to changing metabolic demands?

Nitric oxide (NO) contributes to the regulation of vascular tone by:

Under normal physiological conditions, what is the overall effect of a healthy endothelium on vascular smooth muscle?

Endothelin-1 primarily acts as a:

How does catecholamine stimulation of the heart typically affect coronary vessels?

Which of the following is the primary measure of ventricular wall stress?

According to the Laplace relationship, what change would result from increased ventricular wall thickness, assuming other factors remain constant?

Which of the following would decrease myocardial oxygen demand?

How does myocardial contractility affect myocardial oxygen demand?

In the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease, what maintains a constant rate of coronary flow?

Which of the following is the most accurate explanation of the relationship between fixed vessel narrowing and endothelial cell dysfunction?

According to Poiseuille's law, what is the MOST critical determinant of resistance to blood flow in a vessel?

A stenosis that reduces the coronary artery lumen diameter by more than 70% typically results in:

How can endothelial dysfunction contribute to ischemia?

In the context of acute coronary syndromes and dysfunctional endothelium, how do platelet-derived products affect blood flow?

A patient experiencing massive bleeding, even without coronary atherosclerosis, may develop myocardial ischemia due to:

During ischemia, myocyte dysfunction directly results from

What is the characteristic of stunned myocardium?

What is the key characteristic of hibernating myocardium that differentiates it from infarcted myocardium?

What is the underlying cause of stable angina?

In stable angina, why might vasoconstriction impair oxygen supply?

How does variant angina differ from stable angina?

Why is silent ischemia concerning?

What is a key characteristic used to describe angina EXCEPT?

Why should reductions in activities of daily living be inquired about?

In contrast to angina pectoris, gastrointestinal reflux is characterized by which feature?

What is one of the most useful tools in detecting the signs of angina pectoris?

A stress test should be considered positive if there are signs of ischemic heart disease EXCEPT

Why is it important to withhold certain medications before a stress test?

During myocardial perfusion imaging, what are the areas of poor perfusion and ischemia?